Exploring the determinants to accept dementia screening among patients at high risk of dementia based on the theory of planned behavior: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Dementia represents a major public health challenge. Despite numerous initiatives promoting screening for early cognitive impairment to help prevent or delay its onset, participation remains limited. Moreover, there is limited evidence regarding screening intentions and predictors among populations at high risk of dementia.

The natural immune molecules urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein and pentraxin 3 as predictors for recurrent urinary tract infection severity: a single-center self-control study.

Objective: The innate immune defense plays a pivotal role in protecting the urinary tract from uropathogenic invasion and maintaining immune homeostasis. Dysregulation of the innate immune system can result in recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) due to heightened susceptibility to uropathogens. Despite this, predicting the risk of recurrence and the degree of immune compromise in patients who have had one urinary tract infection remains challenging.

Patterns of neuronal synchrony in higher-order networks.

Synchrony in neuronal networks is crucial for cognitive functions, motor coordination, and various neurological disorders. While traditional research has focused on pairwise interactions between neurons, recent studies highlight the importance of higher-order interactions involving multiple neurons. Both types of interactions lead to complex synchronous spatiotemporal patterns, including the fascinating phenomenon of chimera states, where synchronized and desynchronized neuronal activity coexist.

Impact of inter-city interactions on disease scaling.

Inter-city interactions are critical for the transmission of infectious diseases, yet their effects on the scaling of disease cases remain largely underexplored. Here, we use the commuting network as a proxy for inter-city interactions, integrating it with a general scaling framework to describe the incidence of seven infectious diseases across Brazilian cities as a function of population size and the number of commuters. Our models significantly outperform traditional urban scaling approaches, revealing that the relationship between disease cases and a combination of population and commuters varies across diseases and is influenced by both factors.

Estimating the prevalence of six common respiratory viral infections in Zhangzhou, China using nasopharyngeal swabs in adults and throat swabs in Children.

Acute respiratory viral infections are a major public health concern worldwide, causing significant morbidity and economic burden. Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of these infections is crucial for effective control and prevention measures. The study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of six common respiratory viral infections in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China.

EEG channel and feature investigation in binary and multiple motor imagery task predictions.

Introduction: Motor Imagery (MI) Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are non-stationary and dynamic physiological signals which have low signal-to-noise ratio. Hence, it is difficult to achieve high classification accuracy. Although various machine learning methods have already proven useful to that effect, the use of many features and ineffective EEG channels often leads to a complex structure of classifier algorithms.

A five-finger mnemonic for teaching schoolchildren the theoretical components of adult basic life support: a modified reactive Delphi-guided development and memorability pilot test with schoolchildren.

Background: A mnemonic is a cognitive aid frequently used in health-related education. The main goal of this study was to develop and test a 5-finger mnemonic for teaching schoolchildren the theoretical aspects of adult Basic Life Support (BLS) steps, a process rarely described in the context of instructing laypersons.

Methods: Experts from the European Resuscitation Council's Basic Life Support Science and Education Committee (ERC BLS SEC), specializing in teaching adult BLS, participated in the first phase of the pilot study.

Diabetic ulcer with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.

Background: Chronic skin ulcers are a risk factor for the development of skin tumors. In patients with diabetes, chronic refractory ulcers may also contribute to higher susceptibility to skin tumors. Timely surgical removal of chronic and nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers can effectively prevent progression to squamous cell carcinoma.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Different Low-Dose Platelet Inhibitors in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The optimal low-dose antiplatelet agents in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) had not been determined. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of different low-dose antiplatelet agents on cardiovascular outcomes and bleeding risks in patients with CHD.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, WanFang Data, and China Biology Medicine.

Combating tumor PARP inhibitor resistance: Combination treatments, nanotechnology, and other potential strategies.

PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated significant potential in cancer treatment, particularly in tumors with breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutations and other DNA repair deficiencies. However, the development of resistance to PARPi has become a major challenge in their clinical application. The emergence of drug resistance leads to reduced efficacy of the PARPi over time, impacting long-term treatment outcomes and survival rates.

Cross-sectional personal network analysis of adult smoking in rural areas.

Research on smoking behaviour has primarily focused on adolescents, with less attention given to middle-aged and older adults in rural settings. This study examines the influence of personal networks and sociodemographic factors on smoking behaviour in a rural Romanian community. We analysed data from 76 participants, collected through face-to-face interviews, including smoking status (non-smokers, current and former smokers), social ties and demographic details.

Evolutionary mechanisms that promote cooperation may not promote social welfare.

Understanding the emergence of prosocial behaviours among self-interested individuals is an important problem in many scientific disciplines. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the evolution of such behaviours, primarily seeking the conditions under which a given mechanism can induce highest levels of cooperation. As these mechanisms usually involve costs that alter individual pay-offs, it is, however, possible that aiming for highest levels of cooperation might be detrimental for social welfare-the latter broadly defined as the total population pay-off, taking into account all costs involved for inducing increased prosocial behaviours.

Exploring SSR1 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma, and its relationship with immune infiltration.

Background: Although signal sequence receptor subunit 1 (SSR1) has undergone thorough examination in different cancer types, its importance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely uncharted and warrants further investigation. The aim of this study is to explore the role of SSR1 in HCC progression and to decipher its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: We employed the ONCOMINE, Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases to assess SSR1 expression levels within tumor tissues.

Joint effects of depression and social determinants of health on mortality risk among U.S. adults: a cohort study.

Background: Unfavorable social determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with depression. Both depression and SDoH are associated with increased risks of mortality, but their joint impacts on mortality risks remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the joint effects of depression and SDoH on mortality risk.

Performance of the Flash10 COVID-19 point-of-care molecular test.

After the COVID-19 pandemic, fever clinics urgently require rapid nucleic acid tests to enhance their capacity for timely pathogen detection. This study evaluated the analytical performance and clinical utility of the Flash10 SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care test (Flash10 POCT) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in patients with fever in the adult fever clinic in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from August 1 to August 30, 2023. The analytical performance and clinical utility of the Flash10 POCT for detecting SARS-CoV-2 were assessed in 125 patients with fever syndrome in the adult fever clinic.

Online Media Use and COVID-19 Vaccination in Real-World Personal Networks: Quantitative Study.

Background: Most studies assessing the impact of online media and social media use on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy predominantly rely on survey data, which often fail to capture the clustering of health opinions and behaviors within real-world networks. In contrast, research using social network analysis aims to uncover the diverse communities and discourse themes related to vaccine support and hesitancy within social media platforms. Despite these advancements, there is a gap in the literature on how a person's social circle affects vaccine acceptance, wherein an important part of social influence stems from offline interactions.

Uncontrolled Donation Potential After Circulatory Death in Slovenia Could Lead to More Organ Donations: Extrapolation of SiOHCA Study Data.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the major health challenges faced by developed countries. Donation after circulatory death is a process of retrieving organs from individuals whose death has been confirmed by circulatory or respiratory criteria. In 2018, 136 625 people were listed on the waitlist covering over 16 countries.

The eco-evolutionary dynamics of two strategic species: From the predator-prey to the innocent-spreader rumor model.

Species frequently engage in both competitive and cooperative interactions, delicately balancing these dynamics to optimize their chances of survival and reproduction. While competition drives individuals to compete for limited resources, cooperation can emerge as a strategic response, mitigating risk and enhancing collective payoff. To bridge theoretical game approaches such as payoff, cooperation, and defections in ecological systems, we propose a two-species predator-prey model inspired by the principles and variations of the prisoner's dilemma game.

Wuwei Kushen Changrong capsule alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and STAT3 pathway.

Purpose: Wuwei Kushen Changrong capsule (Composite Colon-soluble Capsule, CSCC) is a Chinese patent medicine developed to treat ulcerative colitis. Studies highlight CSCC potential efficacy for ulcerative colitis (UC) but unclear mechanism limits its widely treatment for patients. We aimed to investigate the anti-colitis efficacy of CSCC and explore the mechanism by which GPR43 inhibits the NLRP3/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby mediating the protective effects of CSCC on the intestinal barrier.

Long-Term Impact of Community Psychiatric Care on Quality of Life amongst People Living with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.

The review examines the long-term impact of community psychiatric care on improving the quality of life of people with schizophrenia. It addresses the global burden of this disorder and the need for effective community-based care strategies. A systematic literature search was conducted in databases such as CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, Sage and ScienceDirect, with the search lasting until March 2024 and following the PRISMA guidelines.

KPC variants conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.

Background: This study aimed to characterize three KPC variants (KPC-33, KPC-100, and KPC-201) obtained from a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (#700), along with two induced strains C109 and C108.

Methods: Genomic DNAs of #700 (ST235), C109 (ST463), and C108 (ST1076) were sequenced using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies. The transferability and stability of the plasmid was assessed through conjugation experiments and plasmid stability experiments, respectively.

Trusting AI made decisions in healthcare by making them explainable.

Objectives: In solving the trust issues surrounding machine learning algorithms whose reasoning cannot be understood, advancements can be made toward the integration of machine learning algorithms into mHealth applications. The aim of this paper is to provide a transparency layer to black-box machine learning algorithms and empower mHealth applications to maximize their efficiency.

Methods: Using a machine learning testing framework, we present the process of knowledge transfer between a white-box model and a black-box model and the evaluation process to validate the success of the knowledge transfer.