Performance characteristics of an artificial intelligence based on convolutional neural network for screening conventional Papanicolaou-stained cervical smears.

Background: The conventional Papanicolaou-stained cervical smear is the most common screening test for cervical cancer. The sensitivity of the test in detecting abnormal cells is 67-75% in various studies. Owing to the volume of smears at cancer screening centres, significant man-hours are expended in the test.

Sexual dysfunction in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: A case-control study.

Introduction: Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic debilitating illness characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain. IC/BPS adversely affects the sexual well-being of the patients. We used the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to compare sexual dysfunction (FSD) in women with IC/BPS versus controls in an Indian cohort where such data is lacking.

Tear film abnormalities in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and normal healthy participants: A comparative analysis.

Background: Pseudoexfoliative material is being implicated in causing tear film abnormalities, and the aim of the present study was to prove it and to compare with the normal healthy participants.

Methods: A total of 398 eyes of 200 participants were studied, and two groups were formed. The first, pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS) group, included 198 eyes of 100 patients, and the second, age-matched control group, included 200 eyes of 100 participants.

Comparison of electrosurgery by electrodessication versus cryotherapy by liquid nitrogen spray technique in the treatment of plantar warts.

Background: Warts or verrucae are benign proliferations of the skin and mucosa resulting from infection with papilloma viruses. Warts form a small subset of patients attending skin out-patient department (OPD), out of which the plantar warts are one of the common presentation. The present study is an attempt to compare two modalities of treatment that is electrosurgery and cryotherapy in patients with plantar warts.

Hyperglycaemia as a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity: A cohort study.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a preventable cause of childhood blindness. Without treatment, over 45% of eyes can develop permanent visual loss. Hyperglycaemia has recently been described as a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a proliferative vascular disease of the retina that primarily affects premature infants.

Voice Quality in Cochlear Implant Recipients: An Observational Cross Sectional Study.

Children with hearing loss are more likely to suffer from voice and speech disorders than with normal hearing due to their poor and less robust auditory feedback mechanisms. Prelingually deaf children are not able to supervise their own voice due to lack of auditory feedback. Cochlear implanted children achieve better hearing and consequently enhanced speech intelligibility.

Vocal Fold Insufficiency: How Effective is Injection Laryngoplasty? Short Term Clinical Outcomes.

Office based Injection Laryngoplasty has become a common and feasible method of addressing vocal fold insufficiency (VFI) resulting from a plethora of aetiologies. Contemporary to various injectates, Calcium Hydroxylapatite has met with great success across usage with various techniques. But, irrespective of the technique and injectate material, the burning question in mind of "realistic" clientele remains, "How soon will I have by voice back?".

A clinical study to describe the corneal topographic pattern and estimation of the prevalence of keratoconus among diagnosed cases of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Background: Association of keratoconus with vernal keratoconjunctivitis is well known, but there are few topographic studies describing actual prevalence especially in India where it is a common condition. There is also scarce literature on the topographic patterns and subclinical topographic anomalies in cases of vernal catarrh and their relationship with various subtypes. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of subclinical keratoconus among Indian subjects with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and describe the various topographic abnormalities which can help in screening for these cases.

Study of distribution of white-to-white corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth in study population obtained with optical biometry using intraocular lens (IOL) master.

Background: This study was conducted to measure the distribution of white to white (WTW) corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in the study population by using optical biometry.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at an Ophthalmology Out Patient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre. Optical biometry was performed in 650 eyes of the 325 patients using IOL Master and WTW and ACD were recorded.

Tracheostomy: Open Surgical or Percutaneous? An Effort to Solve the Continued Dilemma.

Due to lack of globally standardized guidelines and clarity on indications, patient selection, intra-operative preparations, technique, complications, postoperative care and decannulation protocols, percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) has come in vogue as compared to standard open surgical tracheostomy (OST). PercuTwist and guide wire dilatational method (GWDF), techniques of PT, offer lesser operative time and ease of surgery being a bedside procedure. There seems to be paucity of Indian literature on rising trend of increasing indications, post-operative care, management of complications and outcomes of tracheostomy.

Evaluation of bioactivity of aqueous extracts of , , and against immature forms of .

Background: Increasing rate of vector transmission of dengue has led to the exponential rise in the mortality and morbidity scales in the past five years. There are various natural and synthetic chemical agents available commercially as potent larvicides, but they are either highly toxic, difficult to obtain, have a high manufacturing cost, or show cross-resistance, hence do not suffice as ideal larvicides. The objective was to screen aqueous extracts of , and for larvicidal activity against .

Safety and efficacy of total intraluminal topical anaesthesia for ureteroscopy. Is success worth the pain?

Background: Ureteroscopic management of ureteral calculi using topical anaesthesia has been described. Most studies topically anaesthetized the urethra or urinary bladder by instilling 2% of plain lignocaine. In addition to the success rate, the pain perception in these studies was reported subjectively using non-standard criteria.

Correlation between cerebral co-oximetry (rSO2) and outcomes in traumatic brain injury cases: A prospective, observational study.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to be an important reason for the increase in disabilities and deaths worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that brain tissue oxygen (PO2) monitoring reduces mortality significantly but is a invasive method of monitoring. Therefore, there is a need to monitor cerebral ischemia in TBI by noninvasive methods.

Trigeminal neuralgia: When does neurovascular contact turn into a conflict?

Background: The most common cause for trigeminal neuralgia is contact of the trigeminal nerve with an offending vessel which is also observed routinely in many asymptomatic patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine when an asymptomatic Neuro Vascular Contact (NVC) turned into a neurovascular conflict and made the patient symptomatic.

Methods: All patients who underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain with clinical diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia formed the study group and all cases of sensorineural hearing loss formed the control group.

Game of thorns: Modern day opium.

With the advent of internet and mobile communication the virtual space of world wide web has become a playground; people plugged in to it at distant horizon completely unfamiliar to each other are players; keyboard, touchpad and joysticks have become the tools of play; webmaster, app developer are self designated referees of the game; while the virtual media is the largest ever spectators in this amphitheatre of the web. More and more youth are getting hooked onto this and are gradually becoming dependent on these games. World Health Organization has recognized this as a diagnosable medical illness and included as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in its International Classification of Diseases (ICD) -11 released in 2018.

Bacterial colonization of peripheral intravenous cannulas in a tertiary care hospital: A cross sectional observational study.

Background: The use of intravenous (IV) cannulas is an integral part of patient care in hospitals. These intravenous cannulas are a potential route for microorganisms to enter the blood stream resulting in a variety of local or systemic infections. Studies showing the actual prevalence of colonization of peripheral IV cannulas and its role in BSI are lacking.

A comparative study of the various patterns of oro-cutaneous fungi and their sensitivity to anti fungals between HIV patients and normal healthy individuals.

Background: Dermatological diseases are the first recognized clinical manifestation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).1, 2 The present study was undertaken to find out the clinical spectrum of the superficial mycoses, the etiological organisms and their drug sensitivity patterns among HIV positive patients and non HIV individuals attending the tertiary care hospital.

Methods: The study population was 100 HIV patients and control patients were consecutive 100 HIV negative patients.

Speciation of fungi using real time PCR with molecular beacons: Can we solve the enigma of diagnosis of invasive fungal disease?

Background: Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are difficult to diagnose and associated with high mortality rates, especially in the immunosuppressed. Species of and are the cause of majority of invasive fungal disease however IFDs are also caused by , Zygomycetes, , etc. Early detection is crucial for appropriate antifungal therapy.

Bronchial artery embolization in treatment of hemoptysis: Treatment efficacy and complications at a tertiary care chest centre.

Background: Hemoptysis is one of the most alarming condition to both the patients suffering from it and the treating physicians. It is caused due to varied etiologies. One of the emergent and at times life-saving treatment option is by minimally invasive interventional radiological technique of Bronchial Atery Embolization (BAE).