Efficacy & safety of brolucizumab 6.0 mg versus 3.6 mg in diabetic macular edema.

Background: Management of Diabetic Macular edema (DME) requires repeated injections. Therefore newer Anti-VEGFs like Brolucizumab with longer durability have been introduced. We compared two different dosages of Brolucizumab, 6.

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection by Nucleic Acid Amplification test in women of reproductive age group under treatment for infertility.

Background: In India, the prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) studies in different groups are focused on high-risk populations - HIV-positive women and female sex workers - and have shown a variable prevalence rate ranging from 1.1 to 45%. One concern about comparing these studies is that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test is estimated to be only 65-70% sensitive.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in diagnosing mediastinal lymphadenopathy: Experience from a tertiary care centre.

Background: The evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy and masses poses a diagnostic challenge because of a myriad of possible etiologic causes; their proximity to numerous vital structures and the difficulty of access for biopsy. Computed tomography is an excellent modality for the initial evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs). Tissue diagnosis is of paramount importance to confirm the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

Pre- and post-intervention oesophageal pressure topography metrics in the three subtypes of achalasia: A pilot study on Indian adults.

Background: Achalasia is characterized by failure of relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) and abnormal peristalsis during swallowing. The study aimed to observe the effects of intervention in three sub-types of achalasia and compare the intervention outcomes among the three sub-types.

Methods: Forty-one patients underwent Eckardt scoring for severity of achalasia, followed by high-resolution manometry (HRM).

Eisenmenger syndrome during pregnancy: A true anesthetic challenge.

Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) is a rare congenital heart disease (CHD) that occurs in persons with large intracardiac anatomical defects which may go undetected for many years, consequently results in reduced life expectancies and high mortality in the third and fourth decade of life. Pregnancy in patients with CHD and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is presaged with challenges, and perioperative management of such cases remains a topic of debate. Our case had both, atypical presentation, not diagnosed until her third trimester of third pregnancy and a quick progression to a severe stage with PAH and CorPulmonale.

High altitude pulmonary oedema: Mimicker of acute coronary syndrome.

High altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPO) is a common emergency seen at high altitude. It can be associated with electrocardiogram (ECG) changes due to pulmonary arterial hypertension in the form of ST elevation and T wave inversion in the right precordial leads, which mimic acute coronary syndrome. These changes can lead to confusion in diagnosis and management.

Grommet Insertion on Stretched Glove over ear Speculum: A Novel Training Technique.

Introduction: Grommet insertion is a common procedure in field of Otology. Its outcome depends highly on degree of experience of the surgeon.

Materials And Methods: Simulation in training and clinical practice is an important facet in a surgeon's life.

Pneumolabyrinth in a Case of Squamous Chronic Otitis Media - a Rare Entity.

Pneumolabyrinth is a rare entity in a case of squamous chronic otitis media in the practice of otology. We report a case of 56 year male, a known case of Squamous Chronic Otitis Media who was diagnosed as a case of Pneumolabyrinth associated with a Perilymphatic fistula. Diagnosis was done with the help of audiometry and High-Resolution Computed Tomography of Temporal Bone in background of his symptoms.

Therapeutic Misadventure in a Case of Isolated Mastoid Cholesteatoma.

Cholesteatoma is a mass of keratin debris in the middle ear cavity or mastoid. Congenital cholesteatomas may remain asymptomatic for many years and present during adulthood or may even be an incidental finding. We hereby describe a case of 41-year male with an isolated mastoid congenital cholesteatoma with sigmoid plate erosion and posterior cranial dura exposure extending into digastric muscle.

Childhood trauma in bipolar affective disorder: A case control study.

Background: The etiology of Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) is influenced by a variety of factors, possibly related to gene-environment interactions. Childhood trauma (CT) has been associated with an increased risk of developing BPAD. It also impacts the course of illness.

Vogt striae: Demystified.

Background: To study the correlation of different variables of Vogt striae to other attributes of keratoconus and to suggest a new grading system for Vogt striae to exactly represent the configuration and extent in each individual keratoconic cornea.

Methods: The study was an observational and data review study. A total of 386 eyes of 207 keratoconus patients were screened from February 2016 to August 2018.

Role of narrow band imaging in detecting recurrence in patients of squamous cell carcinoma larynx and hypopharynx who underwent radiotherapy/chemo-radiotherapy.

Background: Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an emerging modality that enhances the accuracy of detection of head and neck malignancies by visualisation of aberrant neoangiogenesis in malignant tissue using narrow bandwidth light in blue and green spectrum. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of NBI in detecting recurrence in patients with Squamous cell carcinoma larynx and hypopharynx who have undergone Radiotherapy/Chemoradiotherapy (RT/CTRT). The aim of the study was to (a) determine the role of NBI in follow-up of patients with carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx previously treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, (b) determine the role of NBI as the initial investigatory tool of choice in detecting local recurrence and compare with other modalities like fibreoptic laryngoscopy (FOL), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography- Computed Tomography (PETCT).

Wavefront-guided pupilloplasty in patients following penetrating keratoplasty: Optimizing results.

Purpose: To describe the role of wavefront-guided pupilloplasty in improving visual quality and wavefront parameters in post-keratoplasty patients with pathologically irregular, mydriatic pupils.

Methods: A total of 13 eyes of post-penetrating keratoplasty patients with pathologically irregular mydriatic pupil were included in this prospective interventional study. Preoperative wavefront analysis was done with the actual pupil size, and predicted wavefront values were analyzed by setting the postoperative pupil size to 2 mm.

Impact of Epley's Manoeuvre on Quality of Life in Patients with Posterior Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Pre- and Post-Treatment Analysis.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder, predominantly affecting the posterior semicircular canal (PSC), and significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) of patients. This study assesses the effectiveness of Epley's manoeuvre in improving QoL in patients with PSC-BPPV. This prospective analytical study, conducted at a tertiary care centre from January 2021 to December 2022, included 93 adult patients diagnosed with PSC-BPPV via the Dix-Hallpike test.

Delusion of pregnancy: Case series.

Delusion of pregnancy is a relatively uncommon manifestation in psychotic patients. Differentiating it from closely related clinical entities like pseudocyesis/pseudopregnancy can be a challenge in clinical setting. Diagnosis of a psychotic illness with delusional pregnancy as the presenting feature in the absence of other florid symptoms of psychosis is a different challenge altogether.