Comparative and Predictive Significance of Serum Leptin Levels in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the single most common chronic non-viral liver disease. The burden of the disease on healthcare-providing services has increased tremendously. Although a liver biopsy is the most authentic laboratory investigation for scoring the disease progression, it is an invasive technique.

The Diagnostic Association of Radiological and Clinicopathological Parameters in Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Globally, pneumonia is one of the significant causes of death in children under the age of five years. Assessment of disease severity is essential for clinical decision-making. Clinicians in resource-limited settings use the WHO Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMNCI) guidelines to diagnose and treat pneumonia.

Undiagnosed Depression and Its Effects on Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Introduction Different organs and organ systems are affected by a well-known chronic immune disorder called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Besides the physical harm caused by this disorder, it affects the mental health of patients in a greater ratio by causing depression and anxiety. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed depression and its effects on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Adiponectin blood levels and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review.

Objective: To review the relationship between adiponectin levels and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children.

Background: ASDs are associated with pervasive social interaction and communication abnormalities. Researchers have studied various pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ASDs to identify predictors for an early diagnosis to optimize treatment outcomes.

Role of Liraglutide Use in Patients With Heart Failure.

Heart failure is a clinical condition in which the heart is unable to maintain adequate cardiac output. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue that is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but recent evidence suggests that it might have a beneficial role in treating heart failure. We conducted a review of existing literature and found five relevant studies.

Individualizing Medicinal Therapy Post Heart Stent Implantation: Tailoring for Patient Factors.

The field of cardiovascular medicine is undergoing a transformative shift towards personalized medicinal therapy, particularly in the context of post stent implantation. This narrative review explores the significance, challenges, and future directions of individualized treatment strategies for patients with coronary stents. The review highlights the pivotal role of personalized approaches in optimizing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse events.

FLT3-ITD Mutation and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Study.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic cancer that is characterized by unchecked myeloid precursor cell growth in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation, which results in an overabundance of immature myeloid cells. The 22-year-old man featured in this case report had a fever, tiredness, and easy bruising. Pancytopenia was discovered through laboratory testing, and an AML diagnosis was confirmed by a bone marrow biopsy, with myeloid blasts making up 85% of the nucleated cells.

Recurrent Retroperitoneal Spindle Cell Sarcoma: A Challenging Case Report and Management Considerations.

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) comprise a heterogeneous category of malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal tissue. Spindle cell sarcoma, characterized by its infrequent occurrence, poses diagnostic and therapeutic complexities owing to its rarity. We present a case of an 80-year-old male with a diagnosis of spindle cell sarcoma in the retroperitoneal space.

Antibiotic Use for Febrile Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital's Outpatient Department: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Irrational prescription of antibiotics is contributing to the antimicrobial resistance crisis in low and middle-income countries. Antibiotic stewardship programs need to be implemented to rationalize the use of antibiotics, but data on antibiotic prescriptions in pediatric outpatient departments is minimal. This study aimed to determine the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions in febrile children attending the Paediatric Outpatient Department (OPD) at Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, and observe the factors affecting the decision to prescribe antibiotics.

Evaluating Dental Fear and Anxiety in Pediatric Patients Visiting a Private and a Public Dental Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan.

Background One of the biggest hurdles in treating pediatric patients is managing dental fear and anxiety. Some factors that contribute to an increase in dental anxiety are fear of pain, the presence of unknown individuals, a change in the setting of an environment, and separation from parents. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate dental fear and anxiety in pediatric patients, between the ages of 6 and 12 years, visiting private and public dental hospitals using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS).

Acute Adverse Effects of Vaccines Against SARS-COV-2.

Introduction The global struggle against the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) on physical and mental health and on economic and social aspects of human life continues even after two and a half years have passed since the emergence of this virus. The development of vaccines was a milestone. By June 2022, billions of people have been vaccinated against the deadly virus.

Takayasu's Arteritis in a 33-Year-Old Male.

Takayasu's arteritis (TA), commonly referred to as "pulseless" disease, is a large-vessel inflammatory vasculitis most commonly affecting the aorta and its major branches. Due to its irregular nature, it has the propensity to involve any organ system thus leading to a wide spectrum of clinical features. Most patients affected by TA are females in their second or third decades of lives.

Sarcomatoid Urothelial Carcinoma With Myxoid Stroma: A Case Report and Diagnostic Approach.

Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the world. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer. Other subtypes like squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are less common.

Postpartum-Acquired Hemophilia A Presenting as Hemoperitoneum: A Case Report.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a bleeding diathesis caused by the production of autoantibodies to factor VIII (FVIII). It manifests as an isolated deranged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) indicating a defect in the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Herein, we report a case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with hemoperitoneum in the postpartum period following a lower segment Caesarean section (LSCS).

Idiopathic Dilatation of Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) is a large collapsible vein whose diameter and extent of inspiratory collapse are known to correlate with right atrial (RA) pressures; hence, IVC dilatation represents a cardiac pathology. IVC dilatation in the absence of any cardiac involvement is termed as idiopathic. We report a case of a 39-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain and had an incidental finding of isolated IVC dilatation with diminished inspiratory collapsibility and normal RA pressures.

Response of Parathyroid Hormone to Vitamin D Deficiency in Otherwise Healthy Individuals.

Background and objectives Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue, which affects people of all ages and ethnicities. However, severe deficiency seems to be more prevalent in the Middle East and South Asia. Evidence suggests that low serum 25-hydroxycholicalciferol [25(OH)D] levels are associated with an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Correlation of Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone with Ovarian Follicle Output Rate in Infertile Females: A Clomiphene Citrate Challenge Test.

Background Failure to achieve a successful pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse is a pathology of the reproductive system known as infertility. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) not only reflects the ovarian reserve but also is known to be a predictor of several assisted reproductive techniques, e.g.

Association of Oxidative Stress and Production of Inflammatory Mediators Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Interleukin 6: Systemic Events in Radicular Cysts.

Background Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and antioxidants are associated with the pathogenesis of cysts and may initiate and sustain the formation of new capillaries. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the association of oxidative stress and the production of inflammatory mediators MMP-9 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in systemic events in radicular cyst growth. Materials and methods Fifty patients (34 men, 16 women) with periapical granulomas and radicular cysts were included in this cross-sectional study.

Thyroid Screening During Early Pregnancy and the Need for Trimester Specific Reference Ranges: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan.

Background Derangements in thyroid hormone levels can cause multiple complications in the mother and the foetus. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (free T4 or FT4) levels are used to screen for maternal thyroid dysfunction; these should be compared with population based trimester-specific reference ranges. Our goal was: to determine the prevalence of various thyroid derangements, in early pregnancy, according to the current reference ranges available; to determine the need for trimester specific reference ranges for the local population.

Role of Interleukin-10 and Abdominopelvic Ultrasound as a Potential Predictor of Disease Severity in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.

Introduction Dengue viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical/subtropical countries. Early and prompt detection of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), though challenging, is helpful to identify an individual that would benefit from intensive therapy. Objective The goal of this study was to determine the plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in DHF patients at four to seven days of disease onset and 24 hours after the first sample.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 4556 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Punjab.

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the demographic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Methods This descriptive study was carried out at the Diabetic Outdoor Nishtar Hospital Multan from 2013 to 2018 after taking approval from the Institutional Ethical Review Committee. All patients were evaluated in detail after obtaining informed consent.

Spectrum of Endoscopic Findings in Patients of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background & aims Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency that results in high patient morbidity and mortality. There are numerous causes of UGIB. The aim of our study was to evaluate the endoscopic findings in patients of UGIB in this part of the world.

A Study to Evaluate the Lifestyle of Medical Students in Lahore, Pakistan.

Introduction Medical school is a challenging period that may bring about undesired changes in health and lifestyle habits. In order to thrive both mentally and physically, students must maintain a balanced routine and adopt healthy lifestyles. Scientific evidence confirms that unhealthy life habits play an important role in the development of many disorders in all age groups.