The role of airway fluoroscopy in the evaluation of stridor in children.

Objective: To determine the role of airway fluoroscopy in comparison with other diagnostic modalities in diagnosing the site of partial airway obstruction in children with stridor.

Design: Prospective study comparing direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy with nasopharyngoscopy, airway fluoroscopy, and plain films. Children with stridor or partial airway obstruction were evaluated by the Department of Otolaryngology at Columbus Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.

Genetic fate of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector genomes in muscle.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are promising human gene transfer vectors, because they mediate long-term gene expression in vivo. The vector DNA form responsible for sustained gene expression has not been clearly defined, but it has been presumed that the vector integrates to some degree and persists in this manner. Using two independent methods, we were unable to identify rAAV integrants in mouse muscle.

Prenatal presentation supports the in utero development of congenital leukemia: a case report.

Congenital leukemia is a rare disease developing within the first 4 to 6 weeks of life. We report a female infant born with facial mass and multiple subcutaneous nodules. The facial mass was discovered by ultrasound during a routine prenatal examination at the 36th week of gestation.

Infusion reactions to infliximab in children and adolescents: frequency, outcome and a predictive model.

Background: Crohn's disease commonly affects children and adolescents, however the majority of research into the safety and efficacy of therapies for inflammatory bowel disease, including infliximab, has occurred only in adults.

Aim: To determine the rate of reactions in children following infliximab infusions, and to identify variables that might be predictive of those reactions.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all infliximab infusions performed at Columbus Children's Hospital from December 1998 through September 2001.

Lack of effect of alpha- and beta-adrenergic inhibition on forearm glucose uptake despite differences in forearm blood flow in healthy humans.

Insulin has both sympathoexcitatory and vasodilatory actions. It is unclear how these interact to affect muscular glucose uptake. The current study was designed to determine the systemic and local contributions of alpha- and beta-adrenergic activity to muscle glucose uptake.

Long-term outcome of congenital intestinal pseudoobstruction.

We evaluated 85 children with congenital chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIP) over the past 10 years. Twelve (14%) were born prematurely. One had a family history of CIP.

Gastrointestinal polyps and polyposis syndromes in children.

Gastrointestinal polyps are common during childhood and most often present with painless rectal bleeding. Most polyps occur as isolated colonic lesions and are not harbingers of an underlying genetic disorder, nor do they bestow a risk of gastrointestinal cancer. The astute pediatrician must be aware, however, that occasionally polyps may occur in the context of a genetic polyposis disorder characterized by an increase in the life-time risk of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract and other organ systems.

Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common paralytic illness affecting children and adolescents in countries with established immunization programs. The term is currently used to encompass a group of disorders in which an autoimmune response occurs days or weeks after an antecedent infection or event (e.g.

Current therapies for prophylaxis of pediatric migraine.

Migraine headaches are a frequent occurrence in the pediatric population. The prevalence in children and adolescents ranges from 3.2 to 10.

Adolescent adherence in type 1 diabetes.

Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes have poorer glycemic control and more hypoglycemia than do adults. While physiologic reasons for these problems exist, the most common problems are failure to administer insulin, monitor glucose levels, and maintain an appropriate meal plan.

Association between bispectral analysis and level of conscious sedation of pediatric dental patients.

Purpose: This preliminary investigation evaluated the associations among multiple factors designed to measure depth of sedation, such as changes in the patient's electroencephalogram (EEG) via a bispectral analysis (BIS), other physiological variables, observed behaviors and clinical assessment of sedation levels consistent with the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) sedation guidelines.

Methods: Thirty-four healthy pediatric patients between three to six years of age were enrolled in this institutionally approved study. All children required dental restorations and were uncooperative.

Clinical and ocular motor analysis of the infantile nystagmus syndrome in the first 6 months of life.

Background/aims: The infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) usually begins in infancy and may or may not be associated with visual sensory system abnormalities. Little is known about its specific waveforms in the first 6 months of life or their relation to the developing visual system. This study identifies the clinical and ocular motility characteristics of the INS and establishes the range of waveforms present in the first 6 months of life.

Hydroxyurea therapy associated with declining serum levels of magnesium in children with sickle cell anemia.

Objective: To obtain quantitative serum levels of total and ionized magnesium (Mg(2+)) in children with homozygous sickle cell anemia (SCA) undergoing therapy with hydroxyurea.

Study Design: Five children, ages 11 to 14 years with homozygous SCA, were enrolled in a dose-escalating trial of hydroxyurea over an 18-month period. Serum levels of total and ionized magnesium together with ionized K(+), Na(+), and Ca(2+) were measured before hydroxyurea and every 6 months during hydroxyurea therapy.

MDMA ('ecstasy') and other 'club drugs'. The new epidemic.

Unfortunately, perceptions that the club drugs can be safe endure. Some groups, such as the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Study, continue to lobby for the legalization of MDMA for research purposes [76]. DanceSafe is an organization that seeks to educate the "nonaddicted" user to decrease the risks [82].

The effect of music distraction on pain, anxiety and behavior in pediatric dental patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if audio distraction could decrease patient anxiety, pain and disruptive behavior during pediatric dental procedures.

Methods: Forty-five children between the ages of 4 to 6 years had two visits each involving restorative dentistry with local anesthesia in a mandibular quadrant. Visit #1 was a baseline session for all patients.

Race as a moderator of parent and family outcomes following pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To use data from a prospective, longitudinal study to determine whether race moderates parent and family outcomes during the first year following pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI).

Method: Participants included 73 white and 18 black children with moderate to severe TBI and their families, and 32 white and 23 black children with orthopedic injuries only (OI) and their families. Assessments of parent and family functioning occurred shortly after injury (baseline) and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

Effects of changing U.S. parenting styles on dental practice: perceptions of diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry presented to the College of Diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry 16th Annual Session, Atlanta, Ga, Saturday, May 26, 2001.

Purpose: This study surveyed board-certified pediatric dentists on their opinions about changes in U.S. parenting styles and the effects on the practice of pediatric dentistry.

Systemic and local adrenergic regulation of muscle glucose utilization during hypoglycemia in healthy subjects.

Adrenergic responses are crucial for hypoglycemic recovery. Epinephrine increases glucose production, lipolysis, and peripheral insulin resistance as well as blood flow and glucose delivery. Sympathetic activation causes vasoconstriction and reduces glucose delivery.

Diagnostic and interventional ultrasound of the pediatric spine.

Ultrasound is useful as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the pediatric spine, and can also help guide procedures in the interventional radiology suite or the operating room. This pictorial exhibit will display examples of diagnostic and interventional uses of ultrasound with respect to the pediatric spine.

Dynamic ultrasound findings of bilateral anterior tibialis muscle herniation in a pediatric patient.

Muscular hernias represent focal muscular protrusions through an acquired or congenital fascial defect. The anterior tibialis muscle is most frequently affected. The ultrasound (US) findings in a pediatric patient with bilateral anterior tibialis muscle herniation are presented.