Modeling Metformin and Dapagliflozin Pharmacokinetics in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complication of diabetes that affects circulating drug concentrations and elimination of drugs from the body. Multiple drugs may be prescribed for treatment of diabetes and co-morbidities, and CKD complicates the pharmacotherapy selection and dosing regimen. Characterizing variations in renal drug clearance using models requires large clinical datasets that are costly and time-consuming to collect.

Microaggressions in Nursing.

How to address these behaviors to promote health equity and inclusion.

What Should Students and Trainees Learn About Patient-Centered Documentation?

What clinicians document about patients can have important consequences for those patients. Paternalistic language in patients' health records is of specific ethical concern because it emphasizes clinicians' power and patients' vulnerabilities and can be demeaning and traumatizing. This article considers the importance of person-centered, trauma-informed language in clinical documentation and suggests strategies for teaching students and trainees documentation practices that express clinical neutrality and respect.

Utilization of patient-reported outcomes in joint replacement care design.

Analysis finds health disparities among the elective surgery population.

New cyclophilin D inhibitor rescues mitochondrial and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer disease and plays a crucial role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Strategies to rescue mitochondrial function and cognition remain to be explored. Cyclophilin D (CypD), the peptidylprolyl isomerase F (PPIase), is a key component in opening the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death.

Creating a Pathway to Health-Care Professions for Historically Marginalized Students.

Developing a diverse talent pool starting at the high-school level, while students are making future education and career decisions, should be a national priority, given the need to build a diverse health-care workforce. This article describes a 6-week immersive simulation-based summer program to introduce 20 junior high-school students (13-15 years old) to the range of health professions. Because precollege students typically receive limited exposure to clinical settings, high-fidelity simulation is an excellent surrogate for providing realistic experiences in health care.

Improving Compliance With Institutional Performance on Train of Four Monitoring.

Background: We performed a multistep quality improvement project related to neuromuscular blockade and monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive quality improvement program based upon the Multi-institutional Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) Anesthesiology Performance Improvement and Reporting Exchange (ASPIRE) metrics targeted specifically at improving train of four (TOF) monitoring rates.

Methods: We adapted the plan-do-study-act (PDSA) framework and implemented 2 PDSA cycles between January 2021 and December 2021. PDSA Cycle 1 (Phase I) and PDSA Cycle 2 (Phase II) included a multipart program consisting of (1) a departmental survey assessing attitudes toward intended results, outcomes, and barriers for TOF monitoring, (2) personalized MPOG ASPIRE quality performance reports displaying provider performance, (3) a dashboard access to help providers complete a case-by-case review, and (4) a web-based app spaced education module concerning TOF monitoring and residual neuromuscular blockade.

How Does Racial Segregation Taint Medical Pedagogy?

Persistence of racial segregation makes equitable health care impossible for African Americans, as does the supra-geographic segregation perpetuated by enduring racial medical mythologies that remain unchallenged in health professions education. This article canvasses how these mythologies exacerbate myopia in health professions practice and education, maintain barriers, and perpetuate racial health inequity.

Asylums and Harm Embodiment.

This article examines iatrogenic harms incurred by closed-ward psychiatric hospitals. In particular, this article considers roles of narrative in one patient's experience of life-encompassing iatrogenic harm from being institutionalized from infancy to age 60 and also emphasizes Italy's comparative success, relative to the United States, in recovering from decades of deinstitutionalization to establish community-based mental health care.

Abolitionist Reimaginings of Health.

In 2020, the authors of this article published "Abolition Medicine" as one contribution to international abolitionist conversations responding to widespread anti-Black police violence and inequity laid bare by the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the past year, there has been a surge of efforts to abolish deeply embedded patterns of race-based oppression in policing and incarceration in the United States. In this essay, the authors continue to explore how health care can join these conversations and move toward a praxis of health justice.

Ketogenic Diet-induced Prurigo Pigmentosa (the "Keto Rash"): A Case Report and Literature Review.

Prurigo pigmentosa (PP) is a rare inflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology that primarily affects adolescents and young adults. It is typically characterized by a pruritic eruption of erythematous papules on the trunk and neck that evolves into reticulate hyperpigmentation upon resolution of the inflammatory phase of the rash. It has been associated with various triggers, including the metabolic state of ketosis.

THE DEPRESSION INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT SCALE: Assessment of Psychometric Properties Using Classical and Modern Measurement Theory in a CAN-BIND Trial.

The goal of the Depression Inventory Development (DID) project is to develop a comprehensive and psychometrically sound rating scale for major depressive disorder (MDD) that reflects current diagnostic criteria and conceptualizations of depression. We report here the evaluation of the current DID item bank using Classical Test Theory (CTT), Item Response Theory (IRT) and Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT). The present study was part of a larger multisite, open-label study conducted by the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (ClinicalTrials.

GeDi: applying suffix arrays to increase the repertoire of detectable SNVs in tumour genomes.

Background: Current popular variant calling pipelines rely on the mapping coordinates of each input read to a reference genome in order to detect variants. Since reads deriving from variant loci that diverge in sequence substantially from the reference are often assigned incorrect mapping coordinates, variant calling pipelines that rely on mapping coordinates can exhibit reduced sensitivity.

Results: In this work we present GeDi, a suffix array-based somatic single nucleotide variant (SNV) calling algorithm that does not rely on read mapping coordinates to detect SNVs and is therefore capable of reference-free and mapping-free SNV detection.

Diabetes: Changing the conversation.

Nurses can make a difference by carefully considering the language they use to talk to or about patients with diabetes. This article discusses the importance of words and messages in healthcare, particularly in diabetes education.

Sacrifice Along the Energy Continuum: A Call for Energy Justice.

Unlabelled: The confluence of energy supply- and demand-side dynamics links vulnerable communities along the spectrum of energy production and consumption. The disproportionate burden borne by vulnerable communities along the energy continuum are seldom examined simultaneously. Yet, from a justice perspective there are important parallels that merit further exploration in the United States and beyond.

Administration and Handling of Talimogene Laherparepvec: An Intralesional Oncolytic Immunotherapy for Melanoma.

Purpose/objectives: To describe the administration and handling requirements of oncolytic viruses in the context of talimogene laherparepvec (Imlygic™), a first-in-class oncolytic immunotherapy.
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Data Sources: Study procedures employed in clinical trials, in particular the OPTiM study.

The effects of land use change and precipitation change on direct runoff in Wei River watershed, China.

The principles and degrees to which land use change and climate change affect direct runoff generation are distinctive. In this paper, based on the MODIS data of land use in 1992 and 2003, the impacts of land use and climate change are explored using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method under two defined scenarios. In the first scenario, the precipitation is assumed to be constant, and thus the consequence of land use change could be evaluated.