Comparison of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computerized tomography with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for measuring bone mineral density.

Background/objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the measurement of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with the measurement of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by high-resolution peripheral computerized tomography (HR-pQCT) in subjects with a wide range of body mass indices (BMI).

Subjects/methods: We scanned the arms and legs of 49 premenopausal women, aged 21-45 years, with BMI from 18.5 to 46.

Body composition (sarcopenia) in obese patients: implications for care in the intensive care unit.

The study of body composition is a rapidly evolving science. In today's environment, there is a great deal of interest in assessing body composition, especially in the obese subject, as a guide to clinical and nutrition interventions. There are some strikingly different compartments of body composition between the obese and the lean patient.

Platelets enhance endothelial adhesiveness in high tidal volume ventilation.

Although platelets induce lung inflammation, leading to acute lung injury (ALI), the extent of platelet-endothelial cell (EC) interactions remains poorly understood. Here, in a ventilation-stress model of lung inflammation, we show that platelet-EC interactions are important. We obtained freshly isolated lung endothelial cells (FLECs) from isolated, blood-perfused rat lungs exposed to ventilation at low tidal volume (LV) or stress-inducing high tidal volume (HV).

Emotional and psychiatric issues in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other cardiac patients.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) exposes young patients to the risk of sudden death. The risk of sudden death separates the young patient from his peers, but connects him more closely to his physician. The physician may have a powerful effect replacing uninformed fears with accurate knowledge, restoring hope, and helping the patient shift focus from the fear of dying to engaging in life and living with a medical illness.

Emotion-focused coping as a mediator of maternal cocaine abuse and antisocial behavior.

A great deal of data implicate parental drug use as a potential risk factor for child abuse; however, theories for understanding the links between maternal drug use and antisocial behavior have yet to be examined empirically. This case-control study investigated correlates of adult antisocial behavior among 279 inner-city mothers in 3 comparison groups: drug abusers (n = 112), depressed mothers (n = 73), and nonsubstance abusing controls (n = 94). Using hierarchical regression techniques and mediational analyses controlling for ethnicity, current depression, and family history of substance abuse, support was provided for an emotion-focused coping style as a link between addictive and antisocial behavior.