Longitudinal Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stress and Occupational Well-Being of Mental Health Professionals: An International Study.

Background: Increased levels of occupational stress among health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic have been documented. Few studies have examined the effects of the pandemic on mental health professionals despite the heightened demand for their services.

Method: A multilingual, longitudinal, global survey was conducted at 3 time points during the pandemic among members of the World Health Organization's Global Clinical Practice Network.

Results of a national survey of substance use treatment services for youth under community supervision.

Background: Despite the heightened risk for substance use (SU) among youth in the juvenile justice system, many do not receive the treatment that they need.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which youth under community supervision by juvenile justice agencies receive community-based SU services and the factors associated with access to such services.

Methods: Data are from a nationally representative sample of Community Supervision (CS) agencies and their primary behavioral health (BH) partners.

Associations of Patient Race and Ethnicity With Emergency Department Disposition for Mental Health Visits in the United States.

To describe associations between patient race and ethnicity with emergency department disposition for mental health visits in the United States. We identified 674,821 visits for mental health in the 2019 National Emergency Department Sample and classified them by diagnostic group: schizophrenia-spectrum, bipolar, major depressive, anxiety, or other disorders. Racial and ethnic categories were White, Black, Hispanic, or other.

Neighborhood Collective Efficacy: A Longitudinal Social Determinant of Access to Medical Care Among Recently Immigrated Latina Young Adults.

The present longitudinal study examined changes in perceived access to health care among a recently immigrated cohort of Latina young adults who were assessed annually during their first 3 years in the United States. A parallel process growth model of perceived access to health care and neighborhood collective efficacy was examined, accounting for socioeconomic indicators and immigration status. Five hundred thirty Latina young adults (ages 18-23) participated at baseline assessment, and approximately 95% were retained over three annual assessment time points.

Longitudinal Canonical Correlation Analysis.

This paper considers canonical correlation analysis for two longitudinal variables that are possibly sampled at different time resolutions with irregular grids. We modeled trajectories of the multivariate variables using random effects and found the most correlated sets of linear combinations in the latent space. Our numerical simulations showed that the longitudinal canonical correlation analysis (LCCA) effectively recovers underlying correlation patterns between two high-dimensional longitudinal data sets.

Antipsychotic Medication Use In Medicaid-Insured Children Decreased Substantially Between 2008 And 2016.

After the rapid growth of pediatric antipsychotic prescribing in the early 2000s, especially in the Medicaid population, concerns regarding the safety and appropriateness of such prescribing increased. Many states implemented policy and educational initiatives aimed at safer and more judicious antipsychotic use. Antipsychotic use leveled off in the late 2000s, but there have been no recent national estimates of trends in antipsychotic use in children enrolled in Medicaid, and it is unclear how use varied by race and ethnicity.

Phenotypic distinctions in depression and anxiety: a comparative analysis of comorbid and isolated cases.

Background: Anxiety and depression are frequently comorbid yet phenotypically distinct. This study identifies differences in the clinically observable phenome across a wide variety of physical and mental disorders comparing patients with diagnoses of depression without anxiety, anxiety without depression, or both depression and anxiety.

Methods: Using electronic health records for 14 994 participants with depression and/or anxiety in the Mayo Clinic Biobank, a phenotype-based phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) was performed to test for differences between these groups across a broad range of clinical diagnoses observed in the electronic health record.

Prenatal antidepressant exposure and emotional disorders until age 22: a danish register study.

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most frequently prescribed antidepressants in pregnancy. Animal and some clinical studies have suggested potential increases in depression and anxiety following prenatal SSRI exposure, but the extent to which these are driven by the medication remains unclear. We used Danish population data to test associations between maternal SSRI use during pregnancy and children outcomes up to age 22.

Measuring ART Adherence Among Young Adults with Perinatally Acquired HIV: Comparison Between Self-report, Telephone-Based Pill Count, and Objective Pharmacologic Measures.

Tenofovir diphosphate (TVF-DP) can be quantified in red blood cells (RBCs) and dried blood spots (DBS) and can objectively measure ART adherence and predict viral suppression. Data on the association of TFV-DP with viral load are very limited in adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV), as are data comparing TFV-DP to other measures of ART adherence, such as self-report and unannounced telephone pill count. Viral load and ART adherence (self-report, TFV-DP and unannounced telephone pill count) were assessed and compared among 61 AYAPHIV recruited from an ongoing longitudinal study (CASAH) in New York City.

Trajectories of life satisfaction in Hispanic individuals over the 10 years after traumatic brain injury: A model systems study.

Purpose: To identify life satisfaction trajectories at 1-10 years post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) and examine which demographic and injury characteristics at the time of injury are associated with those trajectories.

Methods: Participants included 1,051 Hispanic individuals from the multi-site, longitudinal TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) database. Individuals were enrolled after sustaining a TBI and while undergoing inpatient rehabilitation at a TBIMS site; they were included if they completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale during one or more follow-up data collections at 1, 2, 5, or 10 years after TBI.

Clinical significance of psychotic-like experiences across U.S. ethnoracial groups.

Background: Prevalence of (PLEs) - reports of hallucinations and delusional thinking not meeting criteria for psychotic disorder - varies substantially across ethnoracial groups. What explains this range of PLE prevalence? Despite extensive research, the clinical significance of PLEs remains unclear. Are PLE prevalence and clinical severity differentially associated across ethnoracial groups?

Methods: We examined the lifetime prevalence and clinical significance of PLEs across ethnoracial groups in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys ( = 11 139) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) psychosis symptom screener.

Earlier Sexual Debut and Anti-Gay Victimization Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in Kazakhstan.

Limited research has examined predictors of anti-gay victimization among men who have sex with men (MSM), despite anti-gay violence continuing to be a global problem. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from structured interviews with 600 MSM adults to examine anti-gay victimization and earlier sexual debut among MSM in Kazakhstan. Multiple linear regression was used to test for associations between earlier sexual debut-categorized as age of sexual onset between 13 and 15 years of age and prior to 13 years old, with ages 16 and older as the reference group-and recent and lifetime anti-gay victimization.

Toward Meaningful Cultural Adaptation Across Implementation Stages: Lessons Learned From a Culturally Based HIV Stigma Intervention in Gaborone, Botswana.

A culturally based stigma intervention for pregnant women living with HIV in Gaborone, Botswana highlights the importance of conceptualizing and formalizing cultural adaptation across all stages of implementation.

The New York State COVID-19 Healthcare Personnel Study: One-Year Follow-up of Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, and Physician Assistants, 2020-2021.

Objectives: The COVID-19 Healthcare Personnel Study is a longitudinal survey to assess the changing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the New York State health care workforce. We analyzed results from a follow-up survey of physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants on the availability of equipment and personnel, work conditions, physical and mental health of participants, and impact of the pandemic on commitment to their profession.

Methods: We conducted an online survey of all licensed New York State physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in April 2020 (N = 2105) and a follow-up survey in February 2021 (N = 978).

ICD-11: A catalyst for advancing patient safety surveillance globally.

The World Health Organization's (WHO) international classification of disease version 11 (ICD-11) contains several features which enable improved classification of patient safety events. We have identified three suggestions to facilitate adoption of ICD-11 from the patient safety perspective. One, health system leaders at national, regional, and local levels should incorporate ICD-11 into all approaches to monitor patient safety.

Prevalence of potentially traumatic events and symptoms of depression, anxiety, hazardous alcohol use, and post-traumatic stress disorder among people with HIV initiating HIV care in Cameroon.

Background: This study explored the relationship between specific types of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and symptoms of mental health disorders among people with HIV (PWH) in Cameroon.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 426 PWH in Cameroon between 2019-2020. Multivariable log binominal regression was used to estimate the association between exposure (yes/no) to six distinct types of PTE and symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score > 9), PTSD (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 score > 30), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale score > 9), and hazardous alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score > 7 for men; > 6 for women).

State Cannabis Legalization and Cannabis Use Disorder in the US Veterans Health Administration, 2005 to 2019.

Importance: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is increasing among US adults. Few national studies have addressed the role of medical cannabis laws (MCLs) and recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) in these increases, particularly in patient populations with high rates of CUD risk factors.

Objective: To quantify the role of MCL and RCL enactment in the increases in diagnosed CUD prevalence among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients from 2005 to 2019.

Sexual Health and Sexual Quality of Life Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury in Latin America.

Background: Sexual changes are an area of primary concern for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their partners, but the topic has gone largely unexplored in the research literature.

Objectives: This study examined how individuals with SCI in Latin America experience their sexuality and what issues they and their partners face in this area.

Methods: A total of 248 individuals with SCI from Latin America completed an online 60-item survey regarding sexuality.

Gradient boosting decision-tree-based algorithm with neuroimaging for personalized treatment in depression.

Introduction: Pretreatment positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may identify biomarkers for predicting remission (absence of depression). Yet, no such image-based biomarkers have achieved clinical validity. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers of remission using machine learning (ML) with pretreatment FDG-PET/MRS neuroimaging, to reduce patient suffering and economic burden from ineffective trials.

Earlier Sexual Debut and Exchange Sex among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Kazakhstan.

Limited research has examined prevalence rates and associations related to exchange sex behaviors among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to examine associations between earlier sexual debuts and lifetime exchange sex behaviors among Kazakhstani MSM. Using data from a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention trial, we conducted a secondary analysis of self-reported data from 766 adult cisgender MSM in Kazakhstan, who completed structured screening interviews.

Coping Strategies and Symptoms of Mental Health Disorders Among People with HIV Initiating HIV Care in Cameroon.

Little is known about the coping strategies used among people with HIV (PWH), especially in sub-Saharan Africa, and the extent to which adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies are associated with symptoms of mental health disorders. We interviewed 426 PWH initiating HIV care in Cameroon and reported the prevalence of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, overall and by presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Log binominal regression was used to estimate the association between each type of coping strategy (adaptive or maladaptive) and symptoms of each mental health disorder, separately.

Examining Stigmatizing Beliefs about PrEP Use among Black Sexual Minority Men: A Test of Explanatory Mechanisms.

Stigma often is cited as a barrier to the uptake and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV among Black sexual minority men (SMM). Socialized gender norms (i.e.

Associations of Neighborhood Opportunity and Social Vulnerability With Trajectories of Childhood Body Mass Index and Obesity Among US Children.

Importance: Physical and social neighborhood attributes may have implications for children's growth and development patterns. The extent to which these attributes are associated with body mass index (BMI) trajectories and obesity risk from childhood to adolescence remains understudied.

Objective: To examine associations of neighborhood-level measures of opportunity and social vulnerability with trajectories of BMI and obesity risk from birth to adolescence.

Comorbidity and healthcare utilization in patients with treatment resistant depression: A large-scale retrospective cohort analysis using electronic health records.

Background: Medical comorbidity and healthcare utilization in patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD) is usually reported in convenience samples, making estimates unreliable. There is only limited large-scale clinical research on comorbidities and healthcare utilization in TRD patients.

Methods: Electronic Health Record data from over 3.