Exploring Working Memory in Context Sensitivity.

Context sensitivity refers to the ability to identify cues regarding the nature of stressor situations. This skill is a necessary precursor to successful emotion regulation and may involve detecting the presence or absence of stressor cues. Previous research has suggested that context sensitivity relies in part on working memory (WM), one component of cognitive control or executive functioning.

Primary Care Organizational Support for Nurse Practitioner Practice and Emotional Health Care Delivery.

Objectives: Nurse practitioners (NPs) are key to delivery of primary care services. However, poor organizational support for independent NP practice, such as lack of access to clinic resources, may lead to prioritizing patient physical health over emotional health. We investigated the relationship between organizational support for independent NP practice and emotional health care delivery.

Does cognitive load influence expressive flexibility? Comparing civilian and veteran populations.

Expressive flexibility (EF) is a component of emotion regulation flexibility repertoire that constitutes the ability to enhance or suppress the expression of emotion in accordance with a given situational context. Previous research has associated EF with healthy adjustment to adversity. This association has also been observed in combat veterans with elevated post-traumatic stress.

Building resilience to hate in classrooms: Innovation in practice and pedagogy to prevent extremism and violence in U.S. schools.

Reimagine Resilience (2023), designed and established at Teachers College, Columbia University, is an innovative program that builds awareness and understanding among educators and educational personnel in the U.S. on the precursors and causes of educational displacement in students, supporting educators in promoting belonging, connectedness, and resilience to prevent educational displacement, extremism, and radicalization among students in their schools and classrooms.

Impact and centrality of attention dysregulation on cognition, anxiety, and low mood in adolescents.

Functional impairments in cognition are frequently thought to be a feature of individuals with depression or anxiety. However, documented impairments are both broad and inconsistent, with little known about when they emerge, whether they are causes or effects of affective symptoms, or whether specific cognitive systems are implicated. Here, we show, in the adolescent ABCD cohort (N = 11,876), that attention dysregulation is a robust factor underlying wide-ranging cognitive task impairments seen in adolescents with moderate to severe anxiety or low mood.

Physical activity may buffer against depression and promote resilience after major life stressors.

As many individuals experience potentially traumatic or stressful life events, understanding factors that are likely to promote resilience is imperative. Given the demonstrated efficacy of exercise for depression treatment, we examined if exercise buffers against the risk of developing psychiatric symptoms following life stressors. 1405 participants (61% female) from a longitudinal panel cohort experienced disability onset (43%), bereavement (26%), heart attack (20%), divorce (11%), and job loss (3%).

Individual and Social Risk and Protective Factors as Predictors of Trajectories of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescents.

The present study elucidates heterogeneity in post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) across adolescence in a sample of youth who have experienced myriad types and combinations of potentially traumatic events (PTEs), including substantiated physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and/or at least one other self-reported PTE. A machine learning technique was used to assess a multivariate set of variables (e.g.

Understanding posttraumatic stress trajectories in adolescent females: A strength-based machine learning approach examining risk and protective factors including online behaviors.

Heterogeneity in the course of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following a major life trauma such as childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be attributed to numerous contextual factors, psychosocial risk, and family/peer support. The present study investigates a comprehensive set of baseline psychosocial risk and protective factors including online behaviors predicting empirically derived PTSS trajectories over time. Females aged 12-16 years ( = 440); 156 with substantiated CSA; 284 matched comparisons with various self-reported potentially traumatic events (PTEs) were assessed at baseline and then annually for 2 subsequent years.

The Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression Scale for Youth (FREE-Y): Adaptation and Validation Across a Varied Sample of Children and Adolescents.

Flexible self-regulation has been shown to be an adaptive ability. This study adapted and validated the adult (FREE) Scale for use with youth (FREE-Y) in community and maltreatment samples. The FREE-Y measures the ability to flexibly enhance and suppress emotion expression across an array of hypothetical social scenarios.

Barriers and facilitators to implementation of evidence-based task-sharing mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review using implementation science frameworks.

Background: Task-sharing is a promising strategy to expand mental healthcare in low-resource settings, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Research on how to best implement task-sharing mental health interventions, however, is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the barriers and facilitators to their implementation. This review aims to systematically identify implementation barriers and facilitators in evidence-based task-sharing mental health interventions using an implementation science lens, organizing factors across a novel, integrated implementation science framework.

The Increased Risk for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Substance-Using and Depressed Women in the Legal System.

This study was conducted in Alabama's Black Belt Counties to examine the association between household food insecurity and self-reported health status. Data were collected from 400 households to measure household food insecurity and self-reported general health status using the U.S.

An observational study of Internet behaviours for adolescent females following sexual abuse.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with revictimization and sexual risk-taking behaviours. The Internet has increased the opportunities for teens to access sexually explicit imagery and has provided new avenues for victimization and exploitation. Online URL activity and offline psychosocial factors were assessed for 460 females aged 12-16 (CSA = 156; comparisons = 304) with sexual behaviours and Internet-initiated victimization assessed 2 years later.

Cognitive mediators of US-China differences in early symbolic arithmetic.

Chinese children routinely outperform American peers in standardized tests of mathematics knowledge. To examine mediators of this effect, 95 Chinese and US 5-year-olds completed a test of overall symbolic arithmetic, an IQ subtest, and three tests each of symbolic and non-symbolic numerical magnitude knowledge (magnitude comparison, approximate addition, and number-line estimation). Overall Chinese children performed better in symbolic arithmetic than US children, and all measures of IQ and number knowledge predicted overall symbolic arithmetic.

Topical Review: Medical Trauma During Early Childhood.

Objective: Early childhood is a high-risk period for exposure to traumatic medical events due to injury/illness. It is also one of the most important and vulnerable periods due to rapid development in neurobiological systems, attachment relationships, cognitive and linguistic capacities, and emotion regulation. The aim of this topical review is to evaluate empirical literature on the psychological impact of medical trauma during early childhood (0-6 years) to inform models of clinical care for assessing, preventing, and treating traumatic stress following injury/illness.

COVID-19 related substance use services policy changes: Policymaker perspectives on policy development & implementation.

Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, regulations for substance use services changed to accommodate stay-at-home orders and physical distancing guidelines.

Methods: Using in-depth interviews (N = 14) and framework analysis, we describe how policymakers developed, adopted, and implemented regulations governing services for substance use disorders during COVID-19, and how policymakers' perceived the impacts of these regulations in New York State.

Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers shifted to more inclusive approaches of knowledge generation and co-production of recommendations.

The educational impact of childhood-onset multiple sclerosis: Why assessing academic achievement is imperative.

Background: Limited data suggest that adolescents with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently discontinue school. While it is known that cognitive impairment occurs in 30% to 50% of children with MS, the functional impact of childhood MS on academic achievement is virtually unknown.

Objective: To that end, this paper builds an evidence-based argument for evaluating educational outcomes in children with MS.

Tailored Approach to Sleep Health Education (TASHE): a randomized controlled trial of a web-based application.

Study Objectives: In a randomized controlled trial, we compared the effect of the Tailored Approach to Sleep Health Education (TASHE) on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) self-efficacy among community-dwelling blacks in New York City.

Methods: Study participants were 194 blacks at high risk for OSA based on the Apnea Risk Evaluation System. TASHE intervention was delivered via a Wi-Fi-enabled tablet, programmed to provide online access to culturally and linguistically tailored information designed to address unique barriers to OSA care among blacks.

Changing Perspective: Building Creative Mindsets.

The search for new ideas often frustratingly cycles back to old ones, a phenomenon known as fixation. Recent research has shown ways to kick-start finding new uses for familiar objects, a prototypical creativity task: wandering in the mind or the world or working on a messy desk. Those techniques seem to succeed by helping break fixation, but do not guide the search for new ideas.

No Influence of Overweight/Obesity on Exercise Lipid Oxidation: A Systematic Review.

Compared to lean counterparts, overweight/obese individuals rely less on lipid during fasting. This deficiency has been implicated in the association between overweight/obesity and blunted insulin signaling via elevated intramuscular triglycerides. However, the capacity for overweight/obese individuals to use lipid during exercise is unclear.

Testing Robustness of Child STEPs Effects with Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial.

A critical task in psychotherapy research is identifying the conditions within which treatment benefits can be replicated and outside of which those benefits are reduced. We tested the robustness of beneficial effects found in two previous trials of the modular Child STEPs treatment program for youth anxiety, depression, trauma, and conduct problems. We conducted a randomized trial, with two significant methodological changes from previous trials: (a) shifting from cluster- to person-level randomization, and (b) shifting from individual to more clinically feasible group-based consultation with STEPs therapists.

Screening for Both Child Behavior and Social Determinants of Health in Pediatric Primary Care.

Objective: To implement comprehensive screening for child behavior and social determinants of health in an urban pediatric practice and explore rates of referrals and follow-up for positive screens.

Method: Quality improvement methodology was used to implement routine screening using an adapted version of the Survey of Well Being of Young Children, a child behavior and social screen, for all children aged 6 months to 10 years. Rates of screen administration and documentation were assessed for 18 months.

SmartTots Outcomes Workshop 2017: Notes From a Round Table Discussion About Outcome Measures.

An important element of designing research studies is the selection of appropriate outcome measures to ensure that the question posed is properly answered given the evidence. The selection of outcome measures is especially important when tackling complex, interdisciplinary problems, where appropriate outcome measures may not be as simple as a blood test or a laboratory value. One such area of study is the research into neurodevelopmental outcomes after early exposure to anesthetic agents.