The hidden dangers of a cancer diagnosis.

Patients have a heightened risk of injury in the weeks before and after a diagnosis

Evaluation of cortical local field potential diffusion in stereotactic electro-encephalography recordings: A glimpse on white matter signal.

While there is a strong interest in meso-scale field potential recording using intracranial electroencephalography with penetrating depth electrodes (i.e. stereotactic EEG or S-EEG) in humans, the signal recorded in the white matter remains ignored.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a HIV Negative, Immunocompetent Patient.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease most common in immunodeficient patients. It occurs due to reactivation of the John Cunningham Virus (JCV) and carries a poor prognosis, with a median life expectancy of 6 months. We report a case of a 66-year-old man with a history of HCV related cirrhosis (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who was found to have PML in the setting of a negative viral load in the CSF and a CD4+ >200.

Extent of Signal Hyperintensity on Unenhanced T1-weighted Brain MR Images after More than 35 Administrations of Linear Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents.

Purpose To explore the extent of signal hyperintensity in the brain on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images with increasing gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) doses in patients who received 35 or more linear GBCA administrations. Materials and Methods In this institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, picture archiving and communication systems of two tertiary referral hospitals were searched to identify patients who received 35 or more linear GBCA administrations. Unenhanced T1-weighted images of the brain in patients after six, 12, and 24 GBCA administrations and after the final GBCA administration were independently reviewed by three radiologists to identify sites where T1 signal intensity was increasing.

Mitraclip Followed by Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: Hybrid Techniques for Regurgitant Aortic and Mitral Valve Disease.

With the advent of percutaneous valve interventions, the landscape for management of high-risk valve replacement and repair has changed dramatically. Transcatheter valve repair/replacement techniques can be used in conjunction with open surgery to facilitate a hybrid approach in patients with multivalve disease. We present a case of staged hybrid valve repair followed by surgical replacement for a high-risk patient with mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation.

Proceedings of the 3rd Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2015: advancing efficient methodologies through community partnerships and team science : Seattle, WA, USA. 24-26 September 2015.

Introduction to the 3rd Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration: advancing efficient methodologies through team science and community partnerships Cara Lewis, Doyanne Darnell, Suzanne Kerns, Maria Monroe-DeVita, Sara J. Landes, Aaron R. Lyon, Cameo Stanick, Shannon Dorsey, Jill Locke, Brigid Marriott, Ajeng Puspitasari, Caitlin Dorsey, Karin Hendricks, Andria Pierson, Phil Fizur, Katherine A.

Reduced Functional Connectivity within the Mesocorticolimbic System in Substance Use Disorders: An fMRI Study of Puerto Rican Young Adults.

Studies of the mesocorticolimbic reward system (MCLS) and its relationship with impulsivity and substance use disorders (SUD) have largely focused on individuals from non-minority backgrounds. This represents a significant gap in the literature particularly for minority populations who are disproportionately affected by the consequences of SUD. Using resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), we examined the coherence of neural activity, or functional connectivity, within the brain's MCLS in 28 young adult Puerto Ricans (ages 25-27) who were part of a population-based cohort study.

OC-02 - Risk of arterial thromboembolism in patients with breast cancer.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and clearly increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. However, its association with arterial thromboembolism is less well defined.

Aim: To determine the short-term cumulative incidence and relative hazard of arterial thromboembolism in elderly patients with incident breast cancer.

Key Role of Social Supports in a Cardiac Transplant Treatment Team.

Only a limited literature focuses on solid organ transplant outcomes using an integrated care approach connecting the transplant team with psychiatry, other medical specialties, and importantly, the patient's social supports. We present the case of a man with heart failure whom we treated for symptoms of anxiety and depression both precardiac and postcardiac transplant. The patient was managed by a multidisciplinary team for his complex medical, psychiatric, family, and social issues.

Effect of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Use on Sedative Requirements in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Study Objectives: To compare sedative dose requirements during the 6-hour period when they are greatest in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as well as the time from severe ARDS onset to reach this maximum sedation exposure, between patients with severe ARDS who were managed either with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Also, to explore factors other than ECMO use that may influence sedation requirements during this period of maximum sedation.

Design: Retrospective comparative cohort analysis.

Perceived clinician-patient communication in the emergency department and subsequent post-traumatic stress symptoms in patients evaluated for acute coronary syndrome.

Objectives: Evaluation for a potentially life-threatening cardiac event in the emergency department (ED) is a stressful experience that can result in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, which are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients. No study has tested whether good clinician-patient communication in the ED is associated with better psychological outcomes in these individuals and whether it can mitigate other risk factors for post-traumatic stress symptoms (PSS) such as perception of life threat and vulnerability in the ED.

Methods: Data were analysed from 474 participants in the Reactions to Acute Care and Hospitalization (REACH) study, an observational cohort study of ED predictors of medical and psychological outcomes after evaluation for suspected acute coronary syndrome.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Lipids and Insulin Resistance.

Obesity and its major comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity cardiomyopathy, and certain cancers, have caused life expectancy in the United States to decline in recent years. Obesity is the increased accumulation of triglycerides (TG), which are synthesized from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) throughout the body. LCFA enter adipocytes, hepatocytes, and cardiomyocytes via specific, facilitated transport processes.

Reliability of the revised Scoliosis Research Society-22 and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires in adult spinal deformity when administered by telephone.

Background Context: The non-response rates are as high as 20% to 50% after 5 years of follow-up in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Minimizing loss to follow-up is essential to protect the quality of data in long-term studies. Phone and internet administration of outcomes instruments has grown in popularity and has been found to not only provide a convenient way of collecting data, but also show improved response rates.

Genetic Evidence of Human Adaptation to a Cooked Diet.

Humans have been argued to be biologically adapted to a cooked diet, but this hypothesis has not been tested at the molecular level. Here, we combine controlled feeding experiments in mice with comparative primate genomics to show that consumption of a cooked diet influences gene expression and that affected genes bear signals of positive selection in the human lineage. Liver gene expression profiles in mice fed standardized diets of meat or tuber were affected by food type and cooking, but not by caloric intake or consumer energy balance.

Safety of gadobutrol in over 23,000 patients: the GARDIAN study, a global multicentre, prospective, non-interventional study.

Objectives: To investigate the safety and tolerability of gadobutrol at the recommended dose in patients requiring contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (MRI/MRA) in the routine setting.

Methods: GARDIAN prospectively enrolled 23,708 patients undergoing routine gadobutrol-enhanced MRI/MRA for approved indications at 272 study centres in Europe, Asia, North America, and Africa and monitored for adverse events.

Results: Median gadobutrol dose was 0.

Experience and Opinions of Forensic Psychiatrists Regarding PTSD in Criminal Cases.

By the end of 2014, 1.5 million veterans of the Second Iraq and Afghan wars were to have returned home, up to 35 percent with PTSD. The potential use of PTSD as the basis for legal claims in criminal defense is therefore a pressing problem.

Baseline results of the NeuroNEXT spinal muscular atrophy infant biomarker study.

Objective: This study prospectively assessed putative promising biomarkers for use in assessing infants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Methods: This prospective, multi-center natural history study targeted the enrollment of SMA infants and healthy control infants less than 6 months of age. Recruitment occurred at 14 centers within the NINDS National Network for Excellence in Neuroscience Clinical Trials (NeuroNEXT) Network.

Infusion of CD3/CD28 costimulated umbilical cord blood T cells at the time of single umbilical cord blood transplantation may enhance engraftment.

Limited cell numbers in umbilical cord blood (UCB) grafts present a major impediment to favorable outcomes in adult transplantation, largely related to delayed or failed engraftment. The advent of UCB transplantation (UCBT) using two grafts successfully circumvents this obstacle, despite the engraftment of only one unit. Preclinical models suggested that the addition of UCB T cells at the time of transplant can enhance engraftment.

25 Years of Contrast-Enhanced MRI: Developments, Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.

Unlabelled: In 1988, the first contrast agent specifically designed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist(®)), became available for clinical use. Since then, a plethora of studies have investigated the potential of MRI contrast agents for diagnostic imaging across the body, including the central nervous system, heart and circulation, breast, lungs, the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal and lymphatic systems, and even the skin. Today, after 25 years of contrast-enhanced (CE-) MRI in clinical practice, the utility of this diagnostic imaging modality has expanded beyond initial expectations to become an essential tool for disease diagnosis and management worldwide.

Intra- and inter-observer variability of functional MR urography (fMRU) assessment in children.

Background: Functional MR urography (fMRU) provides comprehensive functional data that can be subject to variability. To interpret the results of fMRU, it is essential to know the intra- and inter-observer variability of the measured parameters.

Objective: To define the range of variability in fMRU, particularly that of the differential renal function based on volume (volumetric differential renal function) and Patlak differential renal function measurements in children.

High Postdischarge Morbidity in Ugandan Children With Severe Malarial Anemia or Cerebral Malaria.

Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) and severe malarial anemia (SMA) account for a substantial proportion of malaria-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. However, postdischarge morbidity in children with CM or SMA has not been well established.

Methods: Children 18 months to 12 years of age, enrolled on admission to Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda (CM, n = 162; SMA, n = 138), and healthy children recruited from the community (CC) (n = 133) were followed up for 6 months.

Multi-Scale Entrainment of Coupled Neuronal Oscillations in Primary Auditory Cortex.

Earlier studies demonstrate that when the frequency of rhythmic tone sequences or streams is task relevant, ongoing excitability fluctuations (oscillations) of neuronal ensembles in primary auditory cortex (A1) entrain to stimulation in a frequency dependent way that sharpens frequency tuning. The phase distribution across A1 neuronal ensembles at time points when attended stimuli are predicted to occur reflects the focus of attention along the spectral attribute of auditory stimuli. This study examined how neuronal activity is modulated if only the temporal features of rhythmic stimulus streams are relevant.