Trends in depressive symptoms among high school students with and without health-risk behaviors in the United States: A population-based study.

Background: Despite the recent rise in depressive symptoms among adolescents, trends in at-risk groups remain poorly understood. This study estimated national trends in depressive symptoms among high school students with and without health-risk behaviors.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2007 to 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a biennial cross-sectional survey of US high school students (n = 119,654).

Comparison of ERG signal-to-noise ratios in simultaneous recordings with skin electrodes and contact lens electrodes.

Purpose: To compare signal-to-noise levels in ERG recordings obtained with contact lens electrodes and adhesive skin electrodes.

Methods: 23 subjects were studied. Full-field ERGs were recorded according to ISCEV standards simultaneously with ERG-jet corneal contact lens electrodes and LKC Technologies Sensor Strip adhesive skin electrodes.

Diagnosis and management of concurrent metastatic melanoma and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

While the association between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and a higher incidence of melanoma is well documented, the diagnosis of concurrent high-risk chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and metastatic melanoma (MM) has not previously been described. Moreover, the treatment of MM and CMML differ greatly in the mechanism of action of their corresponding antineoplastic therapies: treatment of MM frequently involves immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), while patients with CMML receive myelosuppressive agents. Simultaneous management of these malignancies can be nuanced due to the potential impact of one treatment's constituents on the activity of the other and the broad and nonoverlapping array of potential adverse effects of these agents.

Occupational violence toward mental health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international study.

Introduction: According to pre-COVID-19 pandemic studies, occupational violence (OV) toward mental healthcare professionals (MHCPs) is a common phenomenon with important consequences for their own mental health. This study sought to assess the prevalence of different types and sources of OV toward MHCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyze the risk for OV conferred by relevant factors, and compare the emotional distress reported by MHCPs with and without OV.

Methods: The study is an international cross-sectional Internet-based study completed by 3,325 MHCPs having provided direct clinical services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Techniques for Repair of the Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament Without Suture Anchors.

Thumb ulnar collateral ligament injuries are common and can require surgical repair to restore thumb stability. Techniques that use suture anchors are challenging in patients with poor bone stock or cortical defect at the attachment site. Therefore, we describe anchor-less techniques for ulnar collateral ligament repair, with one new technique simplifying repair.

Barriers and Facilitators to Motivation for Work and School in First Episode Psychosis: A Qualitative Exploration.

Aim: Decreased motivation has been found to be the strongest predictor of poor work or school functioning among individuals with psychosis. Since motivation decreases immediately following onset of psychosis, it may be an ideal potential target for intervention. The aim of this study was to explore the specific barriers and facilitators to motivation through experiences of those living with first episode psychosis.

Protein kinase A regulates ferroptosis by controlling GPX4 mA modification through phosphorylation of ALKBH5.

GPX4-dependent ferroptosis has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we demonstrated that protein kinase A (PKA) participates in the regulation of ferroptosis by controlling the mA modification of GPX4 in an ALKBH5-dependent manner. Notably, we identified ALKBH5, an mA demethylase, as a novel target of PKA, which drives phosphorylation-dependent degradation of ALKBH5 protein.

[Molecular breast imaging : Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and targeted tracers].

Background: Molecular imaging has been introduced into breast imaging in recent years, in order to improve breast cancer (BC) depiction as well as our understanding of cancer-associated processes at a cellular and molecular level.

Objectives: This review offers an overview of the various molecular imaging modalities implemented in breast imaging as well as of the most significant novel radiotracers and their potential role for the functional evaluation of BC.

Materials And Methods: The applications and the diagnostic potential of different imaging modalities (scintimammography [SM], breast-specific γ imaging [BSGI], positron emission tomography [PET] mammography [PEM] and PET/MRI) as well as specific tracers (18-fluormisonidazole [F‑MISO], 18-fluoro-L-thymidine [FLT], 18-fluoroestradiol [FES], 89-zirconium-trastuzumab, 18-Fluoroethylcholine [FEC] and 68-gallium-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor [Ga-FAPI]) will be discussed.

Predictors of Mortality in a Large Cohort of Elders with Essential Tremor.

Background: Prospective data show an increased risk of mortality in essential tremor (ET). Understanding the contributors to this increased mortality is of value.

Methods: A total of 347 cases were enrolled in a prospective study of cognition in elders with ET (M baseline age = 79.

Ketamine Treatment for Pediatric Refractory Obsessive: Five Open Label Cases.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive behavioral therapy are the first-line treatments for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) populations. Due to their limited effectiveness, additional treatment options are needed. A new potential pharmacological medication treatment avenue for OCD is intravenous (IV) ketamine.

Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates sodium arsenite-induced acute kidney injury by improving the autophagic flux blockade via a YAP1-Nrf2-p62-dependent mechanism.

With increased application, sodium arsenite (AS III)-induced acute kidney injury (AI-AKI) is becoming a new clinical challenge, but its potential pathogenesis remains poorly studied. Our previous data demonstrated that inducing autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubular cells are important links of AI-AKI and could be inhibited by tetramethylpyrazine (TMP). Recently, co-transcription factor YAP1 is reported to control autophagy and is mandatory to stimulate autophagic flux.

The geometry of the neural state space of decisions.

How do populations of neurons collectively encode and process information during cognitive tasks? We analyze high-yield population recordings from the macaque lateral intraparietal area (LIP) during a reaction-time random-dot-motion direction-discrimination task. We find that the trajectories of neural population activity patterns during single decisions lie within a two-dimensional decision manifold. Reaction time systematically varies along one dimension of the manifold, slow and fast decisions trace distinct activity patterns.

Exact linear theory of perturbation response in a space- and feature-dependent cortical circuit model.

What are the principles that govern the responses of cortical networks to their inputs and the emergence of these responses from recurrent connectivity? Recent experiments have probed these questions by measuring cortical responses to two-photon optogenetic perturbations of single cells in the mouse primary visual cortex. A robust theoretical framework is needed to determine the implications of these responses for cortical recurrence. Here we propose a novel analytical approach: a formulation of the dependence of cell-type-specific connectivity on spatial distance that yields an exact solution for the linear perturbation response of a model with multiple cell types and space- and feature-dependent connectivity.

Validation of screening instruments for alcohol and substance use disorders among men and women in Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Introduction: Valid Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) screeners are needed to identify and link people to services. We evaluated the performance of several AUD and SUD screeners in South Africa using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-5 diagnostic gold standard.

Methods: Adults at primary and tertiary care facilities in Buffalo City Metro, South Africa, were screened by research assistants using the AUDIT and AUDIT-C (AUD), DAST-10 (SUD) and NIDA Quick Screen (AUD and SUD).

Evaluating lung cancer risk factors in adults with interstitial lung disease.

Background: Adults with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have a higher risk of developing lung cancer compared to the general population. We aimed to identify ILD-specific risk factors that can be used to improve lung cancer detection in this high-risk population.

Methods: Adults ≥21 years who received at least two chest CT scans at an academic medical center between 2005 and 2020 and were found to have ILD were studied retrospectively.

Potential metabolic sequelae to the terrorist attack of October 7th, 2023.

Objective/hypothesis: Evaluate cardiometabolic risk as a potential sequel to a mass terrorist attack using October 7th, 2023 as a focus.

Methods: Narrative review surveying PubMed, PsycNet, UN and Council on Foreign Relations websites on. 1.

Simplifying nasal reconstruction after Mohs surgery: an algorithm based on review of over 400 cases.

Literature on reconstruction techniques for post-Mohs nasal defects with particular emphasis on the unique properties of underlying skin is lacking. We aimed to develop an algorithm to simplify the approach to post-Mohs reconstruction of the nose based on defect size, location, and cutaneous features of the surrounding skin. Retrospective review of 404 patients who underwent post-Mohs nasal reconstruction by a single Mohs surgeon between 2018 and 2024 was conducted.

Characterizing high-risk enrollment criteria and impact on clinical outcomes in a large randomized clinical trial: Insights from the TWILIGHT trial.

Background: The TWILIGHT trial showed that, among high-risk patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and were event-free at 3 months, ticagrelor monotherapy versus ticagrelor plus aspirin reduced bleeding without increasing ischemic events.

Methods: This posthoc analysis describes the risk profiles and outcomes of patients enrolled in the TWILIGHT trial. The primary outcome was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding, and the key secondary outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke within 1 year after randomization.

Quantifying Patient Demand for Orthopedics Care by Region Through Google Trends Analysis: Descriptive Epidemiology Study.

Background: There is a growing gap between the supply of surgeons and the demand for orthopedic services in the United States.

Objective: We analyzed publicly available online data to assess the correlation between the supply of orthopedic surgeons and patient demand across the United States. The geographic trends of this gap were assessed by using the relative demand index (RDI) to guide precision public health interventions such as resource allocation, residency program expansion, and workforce planning to specific regions.