Nationwide Assessment of Gestational Age Distribution at Delivery for Patients With Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: To assess the distribution of gestational age at delivery for patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in the United States.

Methods: This serial cross-sectional study examined 26,375 hospital deliveries with a diagnosis code for PAS identified in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2021. Descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate the distribution of gestational age at delivery of patients with PAS and related obstetric characteristics.

Associations of Plasma Neurofilament Light Levels With Brain Microstructure and Macrostructure and Cognition in the Community-Based Rhineland Study.

Background And Objectives: Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) level is a sensitive yet aspecific marker of neurodegeneration. Its neuroanatomical and functional correlates in the general population are not fully elucidated. We thus assessed how brain's macrostructures and microstructures and cognitive function are related to plasma NfL levels in cognitively unimpaired adults over a wide age range.

Single-Cell Multimodal Profiling Reveals a Novel CD26 Fibroblast Subpopulation in Atherosclerosis.

Background: Atherosclerosis involves complex interactions between lipids, immune cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and fibroblasts within the arterial wall. While significant advances in single-cell technologies have shed light on the roles of immune cells and VSMCs in plaque development, fibroblasts remain underexplored, leaving critical gaps in understanding their contributions to disease progression and plaque stability. Comprehensive characterization of fibroblast phenotypes in atherosclerosis is essential to unravel their diverse functions and to distinguish between subsets that may play protective versus pathogenic roles in the disease process.

Roles Played by Enhancer of Split Transcription Factors in R7 Photoreceptor Specification.

When a cell receives multiple developmental signals simultaneously, the intracellular transduction pathways triggered by those signals are coincidentally active. How then, do the cells decode the information contained within those multiple active pathways to derive a precise developmental directive? The specification of the Drosophila R7 photoreceptor is classic model system for investigating such questions. The R7 fate is specified by the combined actions of the of the Notch (N) and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways.

Effect of neonatal intensive care unit design on infants with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.

Background/objective: Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) requires advanced and often prolonged medical care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We examined the effect of NICU design on treatment and NICU length of stay (NICU-LOS) for infants with NOWS.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of eligible infants with NOWS was conducted from 2013 to 2018.

Nociceptive neurons promote gastric tumour progression via a CGRP-RAMP1 axis.

Cancer cells have been shown to exploit neurons to modulate their survival and growth, including through the establishment of neural circuits within the central nervous system. Here we report a distinct pattern of cancer-nerve interactions between the peripheral nervous system and gastric cancer. In multiple mouse models of gastric cancer, nociceptive nerves demonstrated the greatest degree of nerve expansion in an NGF-dependent manner.

Association between out-of-sequence allocation and deceased donor kidney nonuse across organ procurement organizations.

Out-of-sequence (OOS) kidney allocation has become increasingly prevalent since 2021. We examined the relationship between organ procurement organization (OPO) OOS allocation frequency and kidney nonuse rates. Among 57 OPOs between March 2021 and December 2023, we analyzed trends in OOS utilization and its association with kidney nonuse rates.

XRCC1 mediates PARP1- and PAR-dependent recruitment of PARP2 to DNA damage sites.

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases 1 and 2 (PARP1 and 2) are critical sensors of DNA-strand breaks and targets for cancer therapy. Upon DNA damage, PARP1 and 2 synthesize poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) chains on themselves and other substrates, facilitating DNA single-strand break repair by recruiting PAR-binding DNA repair factors, including X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and aprataxin and polynucleotide kinase phosphatase-like factor (APLF). While diverse DNA lesions activate PARP1, PARP2 is selectively activated by 5' phosphorylated nicks.

Overfeeding induces adipose tissue release of distinct mitochondria.

Overfeeding animals beyond what they eat ad libitum causes rapid adipose tissue expansion, leading to an unusual form of obesity characterized by low immune cell accumulation in fat and sustained anorexia. To investigate how overfeeding affects adipose tissue, we studied the protein secretome of fat from equally obese overfed and ad libitum-fed mice. Fat from overfed animals secretes lower amounts of immune regulatory proteins.

Artificial Intelligence for Drug Discovery: An Update and Future Prospects.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a pivotal tool for medical image analysis, significantly enhancing drug discovery through improved diagnostics, staging, prognostication, and response assessment. At a high level, AI-driven image analysis enables the quantification and synthesis of previously qualitative imaging characteristics, facilitating the identification of novel disease-specific biomarkers, patient risk stratification, prognostication, and adverse event prediction. In addition, AI can assist in response assessment by capturing changes in imaging "phenotype" over time, allowing for optimized treatment plans based on real-time analysis.

Trends and comparisons of palliative care utilization for patients with metastatic gynecologic malignancy.

Objective: To assess the use of non-curative interventions and palliative pain management for patients with advanced gynecologic malignancy in the United States.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study queried the Commission-on-Cancer's National Cancer Database. The study population was 2,098,291 patients with stage IV malignancies from 2004 to 2020, including 5 gynecologic malignancies (uterine cervix, uterine corpus, tubo-ovary, vulva, and vagina) and 7 non-gynecologic malignancies (lung, pancreas, colorectum, breast, kidney, liver, and bladder), stratified by gender.

Histology-specific prognostic significance of isolated tumor cells, micrometastases, and macrometastases in endometrial cancer.

Objective: To examine the association between regional lymph node status based on metastatic size and anatomical location and survival per histology in endometrial cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study queried the Commission-on-Cancer's National Cancer Database. Study population included 87,904 patients with stage I-III endometrial cancer from 2018 to 2021.

Infant sleep state coded from respiration and its relationship to the developing functional connectome: A feasibility study.

Most infants are scanned during natural sleep to maximize successful data acquisition by minimizing head and body motion. However, our understanding of how different sleep states affect the infant's functional connectome remains to be determined. In this feasibility study, we develop a novel approach to quantify active and quiet sleep during fMRI using time-locked infant respiration in twenty infants scanned within 47 weeks postmenstrual age.

Transpulmonary Pressure as a Predictor of Successful Lung Recruitment: Reanalysis of a Multicenter International Randomized Clinical Trial.

Recruitment maneuvers are used in patients with ARDS to enhance oxygenation and lung mechanics. Heterogeneous lung and chest-wall mechanics lead to unpredictable transpulmonary pressures and could impact recruitment maneuver success. Tailoring care based on individualized transpulmonary pressure might optimize recruitment, preventing overdistention.

PSKH1 kinase activity is differentially modulated via allosteric binding of Ca sensor proteins.

Protein Serine Kinase H1 (PSKH1) was recently identified as a crucial factor in kidney development and is overexpressed in prostate, lung, and kidney cancers. However, little is known about PSKH1 regulatory mechanisms, leading to its classification as a "dark" kinase. Here, we used biochemistry and mass spectrometry to define PSKH1's consensus substrate motif, protein interactors, and how interactors, including Ca sensor proteins, promote or suppress activity.

Trajectory of Cognitive Function After Incident Heart Failure.

Background: The magnitude of cognitive changes after incident heart failure (HF) is unclear. We assessed whether incident HF is associated with changes in cognition after accounting for pre-HF cognitive trajectories and known determinants of cognition.

Methods: This pooled cohort study included adults without HF, stroke, or dementia from 6 US population-based studies from 1971 to 2019.

Evaluation of the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) oxygenator shunt flow on neonatal hemolysis: An in vitro study.

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is utilized in critically ill neonates with severe cardiopulmonary failure. Hemolysis is a potential complication and is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. The etiology of hemolysis in neonates is multifactorial, including shear forces generated by the ECMO pump, higher flow resistance from smaller tubing and smaller cannulas, the oxygenator, and other patient factors.

RNA methyltransferase SPOUT1/CENP-32 links mitotic spindle organization with the neurodevelopmental disorder SpADMiSS.

SPOUT1/CENP-32 encodes a putative SPOUT RNA methyltransferase previously identified as a mitotic chromosome associated protein. SPOUT1/CENP-32 depletion leads to centrosome detachment from the spindle poles and chromosome misalignment. Aided by gene matching platforms, here we identify 28 individuals with neurodevelopmental delays from 21 families with bi-allelic variants in SPOUT1/CENP-32 detected by exome/genome sequencing.

Estimating high-grade serous fallopian tubal carcinoma in the era of tubal hypothesis.

In the era of the serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma hypothesis, investigation continues as to what proportions of high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinomas originate in the distal fallopian tube versus in the ovary. In this retrospective cohort study of 118,619 patients with high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinoma identified in the Commission-on-Cancer's National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2021, a diagnosis shift from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma to high-grade serous fallopian tubal carcinoma occurred from 2004 to 2018 that the proportional distribution of high-grade serous fallopian tubal carcinoma increased 6.1-fold from 4.