Frequency of Culture-proven Bacterial Infection and Radiographic Pneumonia in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients.

Background: Infection is a leading cause of death after pediatric heart transplants (PHTs). Understanding of common pathogens is needed to guide testing strategies and empiric antibiotic use.

Methods: We conducted a 3-center retrospective study of PHT recipients ≤18 years old presenting to cardiology clinics or emergency departments (EDs) from 2010 to 2018 for evaluation of suspected infections within 2 years of transplant.

Volumetric, Microfluidic Plasmonic RT-PCR.

Decentralized molecular detection of pathogens remains an important goal for public health. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the gold-standard molecular detection method, thermocycling using Peltier heaters presents challenges in decentralized settings. Recent work has demonstrated plasmonic PCR, where nanomaterials on a surface or nanoparticles in solution heat upon stimulation by light, as a promising method for rapid thermocycling.

"I Thought I Was Going to Die": Identifying Gaps in the Intimate Partner Violence Service Provision System for Black Women.

Black women experience the highest mortality and morbidity resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, yet there remains a dearth of culturally responsive interventions designed to meet their needs within the coordinated community response system. We employed the Theory of Help-Seeking Behavior to explicate the barriers that Black women experience when securing assistance from providers within the IPV service provision system, inclusive of the criminal legal, child protective service, shelter, healthcare, and mental healthcare systems. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 30 people who self-identified as Black women who were help-seeking within the IPV service provision system at the time of data collection.

Incidence of non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease in Sweden 1990-2015.

Background: Data on the incidence of Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) distal to the esophagus are scarce. This study aimed to examine the incidence of non-eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) EGID in Sweden, as well as its three entities; eosinophilic gastritis (EoG), eosinophilic enteritis (EoN), and eosinophilic colitis (EoC).

Methods: We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study of individuals with incident biopsy-confirmed non-EoE EGID in Sweden from 1990 to 2015.

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome and treatments to target hepatic APOC3 mRNA.

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare, recessive monogenic disorder characterized by severely elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) levels due to absent or markedly impaired lipoprotein lipase activity, leading to a greatly increased risk of acute pancreatitis. Naturally occurring very low levels of apoC-III are associated with low TG levels; thus, apoC-III is a target for TG lowering, and therapies have been developed to reduce apoC-III. Strategies to inhibit hepatic apoC-III synthesis include antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

Family History in the Context of CKD.

Background: A family history of health conditions may reflect shared genetic and/or environmental risk. It is not well known to what extent family history impacts outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Herein, we studied the associations of family history of CKD, diabetes, and other conditions with common comorbidities and kidney disease progression among patients with CKD.

Retrospective BReast Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Multisite (BRIMM) multisoftware study.

Introduction: The intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) provides imaging biomarkers for breast tumor characterization. It has been extensively applied for both diagnostic and prognostic goals in breast cancer, with increasing evidence supporting its clinical relevance. However, variable performance exists in literature owing to the heterogeneity in datasets and quantification methods.

Variation in Hospital Admission Rates for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Emergency Department Visits in 11 States.

Objective: The authors examined patterns in hospital admission rates for patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD)-related visit to an emergency department (ED).

Methods: The authors identified 116,928 ED visits for SSD across 1,071 hospitals in an 11-state sample drawn from the 2020 State Emergency Department Databases and State Inpatient Databases. The distribution of hospital-level admission rates was described by using a finite mixture model.

Cerebellar-Cortical Connectivity and Prediction of Antipsychotic Treatment Response in First-Episode Psychosis.

Background: The cerebellum has traditionally been associated with motor functions, but recent evidence highlights its critical role in cognitive and emotional regulation, contributing to the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Our previous data-driven research demonstrated that cerebellar-cortical functional connectivity can predict antipsychotic treatment outcomes in first-episode psychosis (FEP). The present study aimed to investigate specific cerebellar functional systems involved in treatment prediction.

The association of multilingualism with diverse language families and cognition among adults with and without education in India.

Objective: Early-life socioeconomic factors, such as education, closely associated with the opportunity to become multilingual (ML), are important determinants of late-life cognition. To study the cognitive advantage of multilingualism, it is critical to disentangle whether cognitive benefit is driven by multilingualism or education. With rich linguistic diversity across all socioeconomic gradients, India provides an excellent setting to examine the role of multilingualism on cognition among individuals with and without education.

Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Justice, Accessibility, and Belonging in Occupational Therapy Practice and Education.

The occupational therapy profession is well positioned to play a pivotal role in advancing the health and well-being of communities with different lived experiences. The articles included in this special issue on Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Justice, Accessibility, and Belonging (DEIJAB) in Occupational Therapy Practice and Education provide a snapshot of research and scholarship aimed at interrogating systems and standards of practice and promote evidence-informed strategies to support the unique concerns of nondominant groups. Specifically, authors take stock of practice trends with these populations; describe processes for developing culturally affirming measures; examine the effectiveness of target-based interventions; and articulate the value of applying DEIJAB principles across practice settings, academic programs, advocacy, and professional leadership.

Treatment stigma mediates relationships between morally injurious events and depression, PTSD and anxiety symptoms.

Morally injurious events (MIEs), encompassing personal transgressions, witnessing others commit transgressions, or experiencing betrayal by leaders, can conflict with one's moral/ethical principles, evoking outrage and profound mistrust. Although MIEs are associated with depression, PTSD, and anxiety, the mechanisms linking MIEs to psychiatric symptomatology remain unclear, especially among civilians in times of collective trauma. This study explored one potential mechanism: stigma toward mental-health treatment, which can deter help-seeking and exacerbate guilt, shame, and mistrust.

Association Between Inpatient Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder and Reduced One-Year All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Invasive Bacterial Infections.

Invasive bacterial infections are frequent causes of hospitalization among people who use opioids. We evaluated the association between inpatient administration of medication for opioid use disorder with one-year all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized with invasive bacterial infections.

Addressing Altered Anticipation as a Transdiagnostic Target through Computational Psychiatry.

Anticipation of future experiences is a crucial cognitive function impacted in various psychiatric conditions. Despite significant research advancements, the mechanisms underlying altered anticipation remain poorly understood, and effective targeted treatments are largely lacking. This review proposes an integrated computational psychiatry approach to address these challenges.

Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel risk loci for uterine fibroids within and across multiple ancestry groups.

Uterine leiomyomata or fibroids are highly heritable, common, and benign tumors of the uterus with poorly understood etiology. Previous GWAS have reported 72 associated genes but included limited numbers of non-European individuals. Here, we identify 11 novel genes associated with fibroids across multi-ancestry and ancestry-stratified GWAS analyses.

Results From a Long-Term Observational Follow-Up Study of a Single Dose of Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depressive Disorder.

The largest randomized study of psilocybin to date demonstrated the efficacy of COMP360 25 mg (Compass Pathways' investigational proprietary pharmaceutical-grade synthesized psilocybin formulation) in participants with treatment-resistant depression (COMP 001), compared with 10 mg and 1 mg doses. Here, we report findings from COMP 004, a 52-week observational follow-up of patients from COMP 001 and COMP 003, a small open-label study of the coadministration of 25 mg COMP360 with continuing antidepressant treatment. Adverse events (AEs) were collected over the full 52-week period.

Understanding, predicting, and treating depression in pregnancy to improve mothers' and offspring's mental health outcomes: The HappyMums study.

Background: Perinatal depression is common: on average, more than 13% of women suffer from physician-diagnosed disorder and 20% report symptoms bearing clinical relevance. Maternal depression not only significantly impacts women's quality of life but also increases the offspring's risk of negative developmental outcomes, including mental disorders, through a combination of maternal alterations in biology and postnatal rearing factors during the early period of life. The HappyMums project aims to improve our understanding of perinatal depression by identifying the factors that robustly predict risk and resilience in mothers and their offspring, determining underlying neurobiological mechanisms, and, finally, testing the efficacy of potential interventions.

SHP2 inhibition reduces somatotroph tumor growth in a pre-clinical model.

Background: In somatotroph tumors, over 50% of patients do not respond satisfactorily to the octreotide (OCT) treatment. Stimulation of SSTR2 with OCT triggers anti-proliferative signaling pathways mediated by the phosphatase SHP2. This phosphatase can exercise its functions through the STAT3, with the SHP2/STAT3 subcellular localization being crucial for understanding its mechanisms of action.

Tendon interposition arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb.

Arthrosis of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb is a predictable sequelae of ligament laxity. A new technique of tendon interposition arthroplasty with ligament reconstruction using the flexor carpi radialis tendon for a painful arthritic trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb is described. Twenty-one patients had 25 operative procedures; 14 were women and seven were men.

Information on epilepsy genetics available online for people with epilepsy and their families.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the types of information available online about epilepsy genetics to people with epilepsy and their family members on websites and social media platforms.

Methods: To identify websites, we used the search terms "epilepsy," "genetic epilepsy," and "epilepsy genetics" in Google, using Incognito mode. We selected the first ten English, non-sponsored websites for analysis.