Hierarchical image classification using transfer learning to improve deep learning model performance for amazon parrots.

Numerous studies have proven the potential of deep learning models for classifying wildlife. Such models can reduce the workload of experts by automating species classification to monitor wild populations and global trade. Although deep learning models typically perform better with more input data, the available wildlife data are ordinarily limited, specifically for rare or endangered species.

Genes related to neural tube defects and glioblastoma.

There are many similarities between early embryonic development and tumorigenesis. The occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) and glioblastoma (GBM) are both related to the abnormal development of neuroectodermal cells. To obtain genes related to both NTDs and GBM, as well as small molecule drugs with potential clinical application value.

Application of mean maximum Young's modulus value as a new parameter for differential diagnosis of prostate diseases.

Transrectal shear wave elastography (T-SWE) can be used non-invasively to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The prostate tissue can be viewed as an ellipsoidal sphere with viscoelastic characterization. Linear elastic model has been used to characterize soft tissues, and the simplification of partial characterization provides incomplete information.

Zika virus modulates human fibroblasts to enhance transmission success in a controlled lab-setting.

Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) has been reported in 92 countries and the geographical spread of invasive virus-borne vectors has increased in recent years. Arboviruses naturally survive between vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Transmission success requires the mosquito to feed on viraemic hosts.

An artificial insurance framework for a hydrogen-based microgrid to detect the advanced cyberattack model.

Microgrid systems have evolved based on renewable energies including wind, solar, and hydrogen to make the satisfaction of loads far from the main grid more flexible and controllable using both island- and grid-connected modes. Albeit microgrids can gain beneficial results in cost and energy schedules once operating in grid-connected mode, such systems are vulnerable to malicious attacks from the viewpoint of cybersecurity. With this in mind, this paper explores a novel advanced attack model named the false transferred data injection (FTDI) attack aiming to manipulatively alter the power flowing from the microgrid to the upstream grid to raise voltage usability probability.

How and why small volcanic ocean islands collapse and move vertically up and down.

Mass controls two major processes in volcanic islands: large-scale collapse and vertical movements. Therefore, large islands like Hawaii are gradually subsiding and have undergone massive landsliding. What if the mass is much smaller, and there is good evidence that the vertical movement is more complex than simple loading-related subsidence? Here, we show that small volcanic islands, seemingly stable because of the small mass, can undergo sector collapses that can affect the vertical movement of the island.

A comparative review of murine models of repeated low-dose cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease.

This Review evaluates various mouse and rat models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that result from repeated low-dose cisplatin (RLDC) treatment while also discussing ethical considerations on the topic. Cisplatin can cause nephrotoxicity, and high doses of cisplatin can cause acute kidney injury. The RLDC regimen has been used in the treatment of solid organ cancers and has shown efficacy in reducing the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients.

Data-driven modeling of background radiation structure utilizing matrix profile in nuclear security.

The inherently stochastic nature of radiation emissions makes modeling background radiation structure a particularly challenging research area. In source identification scenarios, which are critical to nuclear security, the complexity of background radiation modeling is intensified by dynamically changing factors that influence radiation measurements. Consequently, accurately modeling and estimating background radiation can significantly improve our nuclear security capabilities by enhancing the detection of anomalies within radiation data.

Mendelian randomization analysis does not support a causal influence between lipoprotein(A) and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Observational studies have reported an association between lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). This study used Mendelian Randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) to explore the causal relationship between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We performed a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analyses based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of Lp(a) and nine IMIDs, specifically celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis (Pso), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and summary-level data for lipid traits.

Alzheimer's disease may develop from changes in the immune system, cell cycle, and protein processing following alterations in ribosome function.

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing as society ages. The details of AD pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated, and a comprehensive gene expression analysis of the process leading up to the onset of AD would be helpful for understanding the mechanism. We performed an RNA sequencing analysis on a cohort of 1227 Japanese blood samples, representing 424 AD patients, 543 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 260 cognitively normal (CN) individuals.

Evaluating 36 years of fishing sustainability in a large reservoir.

Various fishing activities are common economic practices in large hydroelectric reservoirs, such as Itaipu. Consequently, the Itaipu company has monitored artisanal commercial fishing since the formation of its reservoir. In this study, we used long-term monitoring data to evaluate the sustainability of this fishing activity in the Itaipu Reservoir, one of the largest reservoirs in the Neotropical region.

The pulsatile brain, pulse pressure, cognition, and antihypertensive treatments in older adults: a functional NIRS study.

Age-related arterial stiffness increases pulsatility that reaches the cerebral microcirculation, compromises cerebrovascular health and lead to cognitive decline. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) such as high blood pressure can exacerbate this effect. Despite extensive research on the impact of antihypertensive treatments on reducing arterial stiffness, little is known about the impact of antihypertensive treatments on pulsatility in cerebral microcirculation.

Association between surgery and increased survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study.

This study investigated the effect of surgery on the prognosis of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) using data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. A cohort of 5932 patients was analyzed, with 1466 undergoing surgical intervention (780 subtotal resection (STR), 686 gross total resection (GTR)) and 4466 receiving no surgery or biopsy only. The median age of the study population was 61.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 localized to primary endothelial cilia regulates blood pressure and cognition.

We previously demonstrated that the inability of primary endothelial cilia to sense fluid shear stress can lead to nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and cause hypertension (HTN). Decreased biosynthesis of NO contributes to cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients through increased deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HTN and AD are incompletely understood.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions mediate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult aggression depending on cognitive reappraisal.

Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and aggressive behavior have often been demonstrated, but the mechanisms underneath these relations are yet unclear. As high levels of ACEs and aggression have been found among individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD dimensions might explain this association. Moreover, maladaptive emotion regulation is common in ADHD and was associated with aggressive behavior.

Study on the catalytic mechanism and water resistance of Cu-Mn-Sn catalyst for CO elimination.

CO in coal mine underground spaces can easily cause casualties among miners. The humidity in coal mines is relatively high, and traditional Cu-Mn catalysts are prone to deactivation. Compared to traditional Cu-Mn catalysts, doping with Sn enhances the activity and water resistance of Cu-Mn catalysts.

Kidney immunology from pathophysiology to clinical translation.

Kidney diseases are widespread and represent a considerable medical, social and economic burden. However, there has been marked progress in understanding the immunological aspects of kidney disease. This includes the identification of distinct intrarenal immunological niches and characterization of kidney disease endotypes according to the underlying molecular immunopathology, as well as a better understanding of the pathological roles for T cells, mononuclear phagocytes and B cells and the renal elements they target.

Biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera, characterization and statistical optimization for their application in crystal violet adsorption.

Crystal violet (Cry) is an essential textile dye belonging to the triphenylmethane group, that is widely used in the textile industry. It is also applied for paper printing and Gram staining. Previously, it was significant as a topical antiseptic due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.

Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions.

Wild tomato species exhibit natural insect resistance, yet the specific secondary metabolites and underlying mechanisms governing the resistance remain unclear. Moreover, defense expression dynamically adapts to insect herbivory, causing significant metabolic changes and species-specific secondary metabolite accumulation. The present study aims to identify the resistance-related metabolites in wild tomato accessions that influence the defense mechanism against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Asia II 7) and leafminer (Phthorimaea absoluta).

Improved lung nodule segmentation with a squeeze excitation dilated attention based residual UNet.

The diverse types and sizes, proximity to non-nodule structures, identical shape characteristics, and varying sizes of nodules make them challenging for segmentation methods. Although many efforts have been made in automatic lung nodule segmentation, most of them have not sufficiently addressed the challenges related to the type and size of nodules, such as juxta-pleural and juxta-vascular nodules. The current research introduces a Squeeze-Excitation Dilated Attention-based Residual U-Net (SEDARU-Net) with a robust intensity normalization technique to address the challenges related to different types and sizes of lung nodules and to achieve an improved lung nodule segmentation.

An Integrative lifecycle design approach based on carbon intensity for renewable-battery-consumer energy systems.

Driven by sustainable development goals and carbon neutrality worldwide, demands for both renewable energy and storage systems are constantly increasing. However, the lack of an appropriate approach without considering renewable intermittence and demand stochasticity will lead to capacity oversizing or undersizing. In this study, an optimal design approach is proposed for integrated photovoltaic-battery-consumer energy systems in the form of a m-kWp-kWh relationship in both centralized and distributed formats.

Mechanistic study of the effect of a high-salt diet on the intestinal barrier.

Despite the established link between chronic high salt diet (HSD) and an increase in gut inflammation, the effect of HSD on the integrity of the intestinal barrier remains understudied. The present study aims to investigate the impact of HSD on the intestinal barrier in rats, encompassing its mechanical, mucous, and immune components. Expression levels of intestinal tight junction proteins and mucin-2 (MUC2) in SD rats were analyzed using immunofluorescence.