Preserved but Un-Sustained Responses to Bids for Dyadic Engagement in School-Age Children with Autism.

Purpose: Dynamic eye-tracking paradigms are an engaging and increasingly used method to study social attention in autism. While prior research has focused primarily on younger populations, there is a need for developmentally appropriate tasks for older children.

Methods: This study introduces a novel eye-tracking task designed to assess school-aged children's attention to speakers involved in conversation.

Telomere Length Differences Indicate Climate Change-Induced Stress and Population Decline in a Migratory Bird.

Genomic projections of (mal)adaptation under future climate change, known as genomic offset, faces limited application due to challenges in validating model predictions. Individuals inhabiting regions with high genomic offset are expected to experience increased levels of physiological stress as a result of climate change, but documenting such stress can be challenging in systems where experimental manipulations are not possible. One increasingly common method for documenting physiological costs associated with stress in individuals is to measure the relative length of telomeres-the repetitive regions on the caps of chromosomes that are known to shorten at faster rates in more adverse conditions.

Machine learning based prediction model for bile leak following hepatectomy for liver cancer.

Objective: We sought to develop a machine learning (ML) preoperative model to predict bile leak following hepatectomy for primary and secondary liver cancer.

Methods: An eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was developed to predict post-hepatectomy bile leak using data from the ACS-NSQIP database. The model was externally validated using data from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) multi-institutional databases.

The gap between surgeon goal and achieved sagittal alignment in adult cervical spine deformity surgery.

Objective: Malalignment following cervical spine deformity (CSD) surgery can negatively impact outcomes and increase complications. Despite the growing ability to plan alignment, it remains unclear whether preoperative goals are achieved with surgery. The objective of this study was to assess how good surgeons are at achieving their preoperative goal alignment following CSD surgery.

Is the cortisol awakening response truly a response to awakening? Replication and extension using overnight sampling.

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a discrete component of the circadian cortisol profile. Evidence suggests that the CAR is a deviation from the pre-awakening increase in cortisol concentration, although this has yet to be replicated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to replicate this finding and to investigate further the extent to which the CAR is distinct from the circadian profile.

Patient Characteristics, Diagnoses, and Management in a Combined Uveitis-Rheumatology Clinic.

Introduction: Combined uveitis-rheumatology clinics (combined clinics) are a relatively recent clinical care model. Here we report the demographics, ocular and systemic disease characteristics, and medications utilized in patients seen in a combined clinic at a tertiary care hospital in the USA.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed of patients seen at the Combined Clinic at the University of Colorado Hospital between January 1, 2016 and November 1, 2023.

Youth Homelessness in Denver, Colorado: 2017-2021.

Objectives: Homelessness is a public health crisis in the United States, yet homelessness prevalence, especially among children and youth, is not well understood. In this study, we use an indirect estimation method known as multiple systems estimation to further evaluate prevalence of youth experiencing homelessness in Denver, Colorado.

Methods: We performed a multiple systems estimation ("capture-recapture") analysis to estimate annual homelessness among youth aged 14 to 17 years in the city and county of Denver, Colorado from 2017 to 2021.

Evaluation of Peer Review of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Operator Performance.

Background: Case-based peer review of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is used by many hospitals for quality improvement and to make decisions regarding physician competency. However, there are no studies testing the reliability or validity of peer review for PCI performance evaluation.

Methods: We recruited interventional cardiologists from 12 Veterans Affairs Health System facilities throughout the United States to provide PCI cases for review.

Maternal immune activation by toll-like receptor 7 agonist during mid-gestation increases susceptibility to blood-brain barrier leakage after puberty.

Maternal immune activation (MIA), a maternal stressor, increases risk for neuropsychiatric diseases, such as Major Depressive Disorder in offspring. MIA of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) initiates an immune response in mother and fetuses in a sex-selective manner. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), a brain region that is sexually dimorphic and regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress responses, have been tied to stress-related behaviors (i.

Structural and kinetic characterization of DUSP5 with a Di-phosphorylated tripeptide substrate from the ERK activation loop.

Introduction: Dual specific phosphatases (DUSPs) are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulators, which also serve as drug targets for treating various vascular diseases. Previously, we have presented mechanistic characterizations of DUSP5 and its interaction with pERK, proposing a dual active site.

Methods: Herein, we characterize the interactions between the DUSP5 phosphatase domain and the pT-E-pY activation loop of ERK2, with specific active site assignments.

Education Research: The Neurohumanities in Training: Integrating a Humanities Curriculum Within Neurology Residency Programs.

Background And Objectives: Perhaps stemming from the central role of detailed examinations and a focus on the subjective sphere that grounds their clinical practice, neurologists have frequently opined on experiences traditionally a province of humanities. The increasingly technological focus on medical education and care can be seen to devalue the subjective aspects of medicine. As a counter to this, we report on the existence of neurohumanities curricula within neurology residency training.

Criminal legal penalties, substance use, and overdose: a concept mapping study examining Colorado's criminal legal penalties.

Background: In the USA, many states, including Colorado, have increased criminal penalties for illicit opioid possession, which may alter overdose risk. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between Colorado's increased drug-related criminal legal penalties, risk of overdose, and substance use patterns.

Methods: We used concept mapping - a mixed-methods approach used to develop a conceptual understanding of an issue from a community lens - to engage with people with living and/or lived experience with the criminal legal system, substance use, and/or overdose, their loved ones, and service providers.

Metagenomic immunoglobulin sequencing reveals IgA coating of microbial strains in the healthy human gut.

IgA, the primary human antibody secreted from the gut mucosa, shapes the intestinal microbiota. Methodological limitations have hindered defining which microbial strains are targeted by IgA and the implications of binding. Here we develop a technique, metagenomic immunoglobulin sequencing (MIg-seq), that provides strain-level resolution of microbes coated by IgA and use it to determine IgA coating levels for 3,520 gut microbiome strains in healthy human faeces.

A stromal inflammasome Ras safeguard against Myc-driven lymphomagenesis.

The inflammasome plays multifaceted roles in cancer, but less is known about its function during premalignancy upon initial cell transformation. We report a homeostatic function of the inflammasome in suppressing malignant transformation through Ras inhibition. We identified increased hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation within the bone marrow of inflammasome-deficient mice.

Antigen experience history directs distinct functional states of CD8 CAR T cells during the antileukemia response.

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are effective against B-lineage malignancies, post-CAR relapse is common, and efficacy in other tumors is limited. These challenges may be addressed through rational manipulations to control CAR T cell function. Here we examine the impact of cognate T cell antigen experience on subsequent CD8 CAR T cell activity.

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 in infiltrating monocyte derived macrophages does not impair recovery after spinal cord injury in female mice.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to permanent motor and sensory loss that is exacerbated by intraspinal inflammation and persists months to years after injury. After SCI, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infiltrate the lesion to aid in myelin-rich debris clearance. During debris clearance, MDMs adopt a proinflammatory phenotype that exacerbates neurodegeneration and hinders recovery.

The revised colorectal cancer screening guideline and screening burden at community health centers.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer among men and women combined, and the second leading cause of cancer death in the US. The revised USPSTF CRC screening recommendations increased CRC screening needs across health systems, which may create particular challenges for community health centers (CHCs) given their resource constraints. The objective of our study is to assess CRC screening rates across 10 CHCs in Massachusetts and estimate the additional increase in the number of average-risk screening-eligible individuals after the revision in guidelines.

Solar energy resource availability under extreme and historical wildfire smoke conditions.

By 2050, the U.S. plans to increase solar energy from 3% to 45% of the nation's electricity generation.

Concepts in Understanding Infectious Disease Dynamics in Populations.

Veterinarians are better prepared to assist producers in disease prevention, control, and eradication when they understand the relationships among the agent, the host, and the environment. Although vaccination may reduce disease prevalence in a herd, test and selective removal remain the most common method of disease control.