Long-Term Trajectories of Older Adults Served by an Emergency Department/Hospital-Based Elder Mistreatment Response Program.

Background: An emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization provides an opportunity to identify elder mistreatment and initiate intervention, but this seldom occurs. To address this, we developed the Vulnerable Elder Protection Team (VEPT), a novel interdisciplinary consultation service. We explored the long-term trajectories of patients receiving VEPT evaluation and intervention.

Does familiarity-detection flip attention inward? The familiarity-flip-of-attention account of the primacy effect in memory for repetitions.

In cognitive psychology, research on attention is shifting from focusing primarily on how people orient toward stimuli in the environment toward instead examining how people orient internally toward memory representations. With this new shift the question arises: What factors in the environment send attention inward? A recent proposal is that one factor is cue familiarity-detection (Cleary, Irving & Mills, Cognitive Science, 47, e13274, 2023). Within this theoretical framework, we reinterpret a decades-old empirical pattern-a primacy effect in memory for repetitions-in a novel way.

The gag-like gene RTL8 antagonizes PEG10-mediated virus like particles.

PEG10 is a retroelement-derived Mart-family gene that is necessary for placentation and has been implicated in neurological disease. PEG10 resembles both retrotransposon and retroviral proteins and forms virus-like particles (VLPs) that can be purified using iodixanol ultracentrifugation. It is hypothesized that formation of VLPs is crucial to the biological roles of PEG10 in reproduction and neurological health.

Evaluating UCE Data Adequacy and Integrating Uncertainty in a Comprehensive Phylogeny of Ants.

While some relationships in phylogenomic studies have remained stable since the Sanger sequencing era, many challenging nodes remain, even with genome-scale data. Incongruence or lack of resolution in the phylogenomic era is frequently attributed to inadequate data modeling and analytical issues that lead to systematic biases. However, few studies investigate the potential for random error or establish expectations for the level of resolution achievable with a given empirical dataset and integrate uncertainties across methods when faced with conflicting results.

Diabetes Mellitus Is Not a Risk Factor for Difficult Intubation Among Critically Ill Adults: A Secondary Analysis of Multicenter Trials.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with greater difficulty of tracheal intubation in the operating room. This relationship has not been examined for tracheal intubation of critically ill adults. We examined whether diabetes mellitus was independently associated with the time from induction of anesthesia to intubation of the trachea among critically ill adults.

Expanded Recommendations for Use of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Among Adults Aged ≥50 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024.

Before October 2024, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended use of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) for all adults aged ≥65 years, as well as for those aged 19-64 years with risk conditions for pneumococcal disease who have not received a PCV or whose vaccination history is unknown. Options included either 20-valent PCV (PCV20; Prevnar20; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals) or 21-valent PCV (PCV21; CAPVAXIVE; Merck Sharp & Dohme) alone or 15-valent PCV (PCV15; VAXNEUVANCE; Merck Sharp & Dohme) in series with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23; Pneumovax23; Merck Sharp & Dohme). There are additional recommendations for use of PCV20 or PCV21 for adults who started their pneumococcal vaccination series with 13-valent PCV (PCV13; Prevnar13; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals).

Education strategies are the most commonly used in pediatric rehabilitation implementation research: a scoping review.

Background: Approximately one in six children has a disability, and effective, evidence-based rehabilitation can ameliorate the impact of these conditions over the lifespan. However, implementing interventions in real-world settings remains a challenge. This scoping review aimed to summarize the characteristics, implementation strategies, and outcomes of implementation studies in pediatric rehabilitation.

Divergent response to radio-immunotherapy is defined by intrinsic features of the tumor microenvironment.

Background: Treatment with immunotherapy can elicit varying responses across cancer types, and the mechanistic underpinnings that contribute to response vrsus progression remain poorly understood. However, to date there are few preclinical models that accurately represent these disparate disease scenarios.

Methods: Using combinatorial radio-immunotherapy consisting of PD-1 blockade, IL2Rβγ biased signaling, and OX40 agonism we were able to generate preclinical tumor models with conflicting responses, where head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) models respond and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progresses.

The Trifecta of Industry, Academic, and Health System Partnership to Improve Mental Health Care Through Smartphone-Based Remote Patient Monitoring: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Mental health treatment is hindered by the limited number of mental health care providers and the infrequency of care. Digital mental health technology can help supplement treatment by remotely monitoring patient symptoms and predicting mental health crises in between clinical visits. However, the feasibility of digital mental health technologies has not yet been sufficiently explored.

Genetic and morphological shifts associated with climate change in a migratory bird.

Background: Rapid morphological change is emerging as a consequence of climate change in many systems. It is intuitive to hypothesize that temporal morphological trends are driven by the same selective pressures that have established well-known ecogeographic patterns over spatial environmental gradients (e.g.

Pregnancy specific shifts in the maternal microbiome and metabolome in the BPH5 mouse model of superimposed preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with an incidence rate of up to 8% worldwide. However, the complete pathogenesis is still unknown. Obesity increases the risk of developing PE three-fold.

Internet Use and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in the U.S.: Unraveling the Differences by Gender.

The daily Internet use among older adults has increased. This study examines how Internet usage affects depressive symptoms among older adults, focusing on gender differences. Using data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study ( = 6380), weighted multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted.

Lung Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity in Health and Pulmonary Vascular Disease.

Lung endothelial cells (ECs) are essential for maintaining organ function and homeostasis. Despite sharing some common features with ECs from organ systems, lung ECs exhibit significant heterogeneity in morphology, function, and gene expression. This heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to the development of pulmonary diseases like pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Single-Cell Analysis in Cerebrovascular Research: Primed for Breakthroughs and Clinical Impact.

Data generated using single-cell RNA-sequencing has the potential to transform understanding of the cerebral circulation and advance clinical care. However, the high volume of data, sometimes generated and presented without proper pathophysiological context, can be difficult to interpret and integrate into current understanding of the cerebral circulation and its disorders. Furthermore, heterogeneity in the representation of brain regions and vascular segments makes it difficult to compare results across studies.

Contributors and Solutions to High Out-of-Pocket Costs for Heart Failure Medications.

As expensive therapeutics rise to the fore of heart failure management, out-of-pocket (OOP) medication costs have become increasingly relevant to patient care. Prescription medication costs influence medical decision-making and affect adherence. Yet, individualized cost estimates are seldom available during clinical encounters when prescription decisions are made.

Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus Transcripts in Chronically HBV-Infected Chimpanzees and Patients Treated with ARC-520 siRNA Demonstrates Transcriptional Silencing of cccDNA.

Full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts of chimpanzees and patients treated with multidose (MD) HBV siRNA ARC-520 and entecavir (ETV) were characterized by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, identifying multiple types of transcripts with the potential to encode HBx, HBsAg, HBeAg, core, and polymerase, as well as transcripts likely to be derived from dimers of dslDNA, and these differed between HBeAg-positive (HBeAg+) and HBeAg-negative (HBeAg-) individuals. HBV transcripts from the last follow-up ~30 months post-ARC-520 treatment were categorized from one HBeAg+ (one of two previously highly viremic patients that became HBeAg- upon treatment and had greatly reduced cccDNA products) and four HBeAg- patients. The previously HBeAg+ patient received a biopsy that revealed that he had 3.

Non-Genotoxic and Environmentally Relevant Lower Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Significantly Increase Tumorigenicity of Benzo[]pyrene in a Lung Two-Stage Mouse Model.

The World Health Organization has classified air pollution as a carcinogen, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major components of air particulates of carcinogenic concern. Thus far, most studies focused on genotoxic high molecular weight PAHs; however, recent studies indicate potential carcinogenicity of the non-genotoxic lower molecular weight PAHs (LMW PAHs) that are found in indoor and outdoor air pollution as well as secondhand cigarette smoke. We hypothesize that LMW PAHs contribute to the promotion stage of cancer when combined with benzo[]pyrene (B[]P), a legacy PAH.

Causal Mediation Analysis of Foodborne Outbreaks in the United States: Serotypes and Food Vehicles.

Various serotypes have caused numerous foodborne outbreaks associated with food vehicles in different categories. This study provides evidence on the occurrence and inter-relations between serotypes and the number of deaths mediated by the number of illnesses and hospitalizations. Confirmed foodborne outbreaks of serotypes (n = 2868) that occurred between 1998 and 2021 were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Outbreak Reporting System.

Evolutionary Adaptations in Biliverdin Reductase B: Insights into Coenzyme Dynamics and Catalytic Efficiency.

Biliverdin reductase B (BLVRB) is a redox regulator that catalyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reductions of multiple substrates, including flavins and biliverdin-β. BLVRB has emerging roles in redox regulation and post-translational modifications, highlighting its importance in various physiological contexts. In this study, we explore the structural and functional differences between human BLVRB and its hyrax homologue, focusing on evolutionary adaptations at the active site and allosteric regions.

Catheter Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: Recent Advances.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the leading cause of arrhythmia-related morbidity and mortality. Recurrent symptoms, hospitalizations, and cost burden to patients have necessitated treatments beyond antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) for patients with AF. Catheter ablation has proven to be effective over medical therapy alone; however the recurrence rates for atrial tachyarrhythmias post-ablation remain significant, particularly in patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF.

Air Pollution's Hidden Toll: Links Between Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Adolescent Depression.

Rising rates of depression among youth present a growing mental health crisis. Despite growing concerns regarding the risks of air pollution exposure on youth mental and physical health, associations between ambient air pollutants and depression have been largely overlooked in youth. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated associations between ozone, particulate matter, and depressive symptoms in adolescents across 224 Colorado census tracts (average age of 14.

Evaluation of Potential Developmental Precursors to Executive Function in Young Children with Motor Delays: Exploratory Study.

This study aimed to explore whether early developmental abilities are related to future executive function (EF) in children with motor delays. Fourteen children with motor delays ( = 10.76, = 2.

Biliverdinuria Caused by Exonic Deletions in Two Dogs with Green Urine.

In heme degradation, biliverdin reductase catalyzes the conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin. Defects in the biliverdin reductase A gene () causing biliverdinuria are extraordinarily rare in humans, and this inborn error of metabolism has not been reported in other mammals. The objective of this study was to diagnose biliverdinuria and identify the causal variants in two adult mixed-breed dogs with life-long green urine.

5-HT Receptors in the BNST Modulate Contextual Fear Conditioning Without Affecting Acute Early Life Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning in Adult Rats.

Background/objectives: Rodents provide a useful translational model of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Previously stressed animals exhibit physiological and behavioral stress responses that parallel those observed in anxious humans. Patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) present with a spectrum of debilitating anxiety symptoms that result from exposure to one or more traumatic events, with individuals exposed to early adverse experiences and women having increased vulnerability for diagnoses; however, the mechanisms of this increased vulnerability remain unknown.

Additives in Supplements for Grazing Beef Cattle.

Pasture-based beef cattle production systems aim to maximize the interaction between forage and supplements to increase activity. In addition, supplementation and the use of food additives help optimize production efficiency and improve the use of additional nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of additives in protein-energy supplements (PESs) on the intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters of beef cattle raised on pasture in the rearing phase.