Ambient Air Pollution and COPD: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Rationale: Globally, in 2019, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the third leading cause of death. While tobacco smoking is the predominant risk factor, the role of long-term air pollution exposure in increasing risk of COPD remains unclear. Moreover, there are few studies that have been conducted in racial and ethnic minoritized and socioeconomically diverse populations, while accounting for smoking history and other known risk factors.

Using a Composite Summary of Daily Sex Hormones to Gauge Time Until Menopause: A Focus on Pregnanediol Glucuronide (PDG).

Context: The timing of a woman's final menstrual period (FMP) in relation to her age is considered a valuable indicator of overall health, being associated with cardiovascular, bone health, reproductive, and general mortality outcomes.

Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the relationship between hormones and the "time to FMP" when daily hormone trajectories are characterized by their 1) entropy, and 2) deviation from premenopausal/stable cycle patterns (representing a textbook "gold standard"; GS).

Methods: As part of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, urinary luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen conjugates (E1C), and pregnanediol glucuronide (PDG) were measured daily from a multiracial sample of 549 mid-life women for the duration of one menstrual cycle.

Changes in Recovery Assessment Scale Scores During a Treatment Episode Among Patients in a Large Behavioral Health Care System.

Objective: The authors utilized patient-reported outcomes from a large U.S. behavioral health care system to evaluate the strength of improvements in patients' self-perceived recovery during mental health treatment.

Satisfaction With Department of Veterans Affairs Prosthetics and Support Services as Reported by Women and Men Veterans.

Background: Women veterans represent a growing number of veterans with limb loss who receive Veterans Health Administration treatment. This study surveyed a large sample of veterans about their satisfaction with prosthetic-related care and sought to understand how women veterans with limb loss rate their satisfaction with prostheses and care.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, mixed-mode survey of 46,614 veterans with major upper or lower limb amputation or partial foot amputation to assess amputation type, prosthesis use intensity, satisfaction with prostheses and services, and quality of life.

Cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest results in organ-specific transcriptomic responses in pediatric swine.

The organ-level molecular response to cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains inadequately understood and may be heterogeneous. Here, we measured organ-specific gene expression in a piglet model of CPB with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Infant piglets underwent peripheral CPB with 75min of DHCA and 6h of critical care after separation from CPB.

Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity at any Dose Reduces All-Cause Dementia Risk Regardless of Frailty Status.

Objectives: Reaching the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations of 150 min/wk is difficult for older adults, particularly among those living with frailty and its associated risk of dementia. We examined the dose-response relationship between MVPA and dementia risk among at-risk persons living with and without frailty enrolled in the UK Biobank study.

Design: Survival analysis within a prospective cohort study.

Functional capacity at rehabilitation discharge predicts physical activity characteristics twenty-four weeks later for people with total knee arthroplasty: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the association between performance-based and patient-reported functional capacity at the conclusion of 12-week rehabilitation with average daily step counts and peak walking cadence 38 weeks following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Design: Secondary analysis of an RCT.

Setting: Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Neurodevelopmental and Mental Health Outcomes in a National Clinical Sample of Youth With Sex Chromosome Trisomies Compared With Matched Controls.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of neurodevelopmental and mental health diagnoses in a national sample of youth with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) with matched controls.

Methods: Patients in PEDSnet and a diagnosis code mapping to 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome (n = 1171), 47,XYY/Double Y syndrome (n = 243), or 47,XXX/Trisomy X syndrome (n = 262) were matched with controls using propensity scores. Generalized estimating equations computed odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diagnoses within the neurodevelopmental and mental health composites, psychotropic medication prescriptions, and encounters with behavioral health and therapy providers.

Use of implementation logic models in the Quadruple Aim QUERI: conceptualization and evolution.

Background: Implementation strategies are essential to deliver evidence-based programs that align with local context, resources, priorities, and preferences. However, it is not always clear how specific strategies are selected (vs. others) and strategies are not always operationalized clearly, distinctly, and dynamically.

Physical Health Symptoms and Perceptions of Air Quality among Residents of Smoke-Damaged Homes from a Wildland Urban Interface Fire.

The Marshall Fire was a wildland urban interface (WUI) fire that destroyed more than 1000 structures in two communities in Colorado. High winds carried smoke and ash into an unknown number of buildings that, while not incinerated, were significantly damaged. We aimed to understand whether smoke or ash damage to one's home was associated with physical health impacts of the fire event for people living in and around the fire zone whose homes were not completely destroyed.

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and epigenetic age acceleration in children.

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in adults, but its impact on children remains less understood. This study analyzed data from 457 children (mean age: 7.9 years) in the Project Viva cohort (2007-2010, eastern Massachusetts, USA).

Early childhood vaccination coverage and patterns by rural-urban commuting area.

Introduction: National surveillance efforts have reported rural-urban disparities in childhood vaccination coverage by metropolitan statistical area designations, measured at the county level. This study's objective was to quantify vaccination trends using more discrete measures of coverage and rurality than prior work.

Methods: Serial, cross-sectional analyses of National Immunization Survey-Child restricted-use data collected in 2015-2021 for US children born 2014-2018 were conducted.

Environmental justice mapping tools in the United States: A review of national and state tools.

Environmental justice (EJ) mapping tools are geographic information system (GIS)-based digital maps that integrate environmental, socioeconomic, health, and demographic data to identify areas experiencing environmental injustices. These tools are increasingly used to guide investments toward disadvantaged communities. This review examines 25 EJ tools, describing their functionalities, coverage, and indicator types, ranging from biological susceptibilities to socioeconomic and environmental factors.

Exploring the perceptions and cultural differences surrounding mindfulness among early childhood education informal caregivers: A qualitative study.

Background: Early childhood education (ECE) caregivers experience high levels of stress and increased physical and emotional work demands. Promoting mindfulness practices may be an acceptable and feasible strategy to bolster mental health and well-being. The present study's goals were to explore the 1) perceptions and 2) cultural differences surrounding mindfulness practices and mental health among Spanish-speaking Hispanic (SSH), English-speaking Hispanic (ESH), and English-speaking non-Hispanic (ESNH) informal ECE caregivers.

Chronic Health Conditions in the Workplace: Work Stressors and Supportive Supervision, Work Design, and Programs.

A large and growing number of workers are managing chronic physical and mental health conditions while working, necessitating attention from both researchers and leaders and practitioners in organizations. Much of the current discourse around research and practice in this area is focused on prevention of chronic disease and rehabilitation of disability to help workers return to work. Less commonly attended to are workplace factors that can support the quality of working life and the longevity of working life for workers with chronic health conditions.

What Control Measures Should I Use? Applying the Total Worker Health Hierarchy of Controls to Manage Workplace Fatigue.

Increased fatigue risk has been associated with safety-critical events such as work-related injuries. While control measures are needed to reduce these risks, the wide range and complexities of fatigue risk management strategies can make it difficult for organizations to prioritize efforts given limited resources and time. Given these challenges, the aims of this commentary are two-fold.

Optimizing Exposure Measures in Large-Scale Household Air Pollution Studies: Results from the Multicountry HAPIN Trial.

Repeated measurements of household air pollution may provide better estimates of average exposure but can add to costs and participant burden. In a randomized trial of gas versus biomass cookstoves in four countries, we took supplemental personal 24-h measurements on a 10% subsample for mothers and infants, interspersed between protocol samples. Mothers had up to five postrandomization protocol measurements over 16 months, while infants had three measurements over one year.

Dry eye post-cataract surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Significance: Cataract surgery is one of the most performed surgical procedures worldwide. As a potential complication following cataract surgery, dry eye has the potential to impact visual outcomes, lower patient satisfaction, and be detrimental to quality of life.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on dry eye outcomes postoperatively.

Exploring a shared vision for success in permanent supportive housing: a community-partnered study in Colorado, USA.

In the United States and within Colorado, the number of persons experiencing homelessness has risen, with over 600,000 counted on a single night in 2023. Limited data integration across healthcare and social services hinders understanding of how permanent supportive housing (PSH) affects health outcomes. Our study in partnership with healthcare experts, housing providers, and a community advisory panel aimed to integrate data from health records, the justice system, and housing case manager notes to create a multidimensional measure of PSH success.

Colorado Immersion Training in Community Engagement: Ten years of learning and doing.

The Colorado Immersion Training in Community Engagement (CIT) program supports a change in the research trajectory of junior faculty, early career researchers, and doctoral students toward Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR). CIT is within the Community Engagement and Health Equity Core (CEHE) at the Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CCTSI), an NIH-funded Clinical and Translational Science award. This Translational Science Case Study reports on CIT's impacts from 2010 to 2019.

High-Cost Cancer Drug Use in Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare.

Importance: Medicare Advantage (MA) plans are designed to incentivize the use of less expensive drugs through capitated payments, formulary control, and preauthorizations for certain drugs. These conditions may reduce spending on high-cost therapies for conditions such as cancer, a condition that is among the most expensive to treat.

Objective: To determine whether patients insured by MA plans receive less high-cost drugs than those insured by traditional Medicare (TM).

Social Determinants of Uncorrected Distance and Near Visual Impairment in an Older Adult Population.

Purpose: Uncorrected visual impairment (VI) significantly impacts life quality and exacerbates age-related health issues. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with uncorrected VI, but quantitative evidence is limited. This study investigated the link between SDOH and uncorrected VI among aging adults to identify disparities and improve vision care.