Phase 1 Study of Adjuvant Allogeneic Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Transduced Pancreatic Tumor Cell Vaccine, Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide, and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Followed by FOLFIRINOX in High-Risk Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Local and distant progression remains common following resection of resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) despite adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy. We report a prospective institutional phase 1 trial incorporating adjuvant GVAX vaccine, low-dose cyclophosphamide (Cy), and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) followed by FOLFIRINOX (FFX) among patients who underwent resection of high-risk PDAC.

Patients And Methods: The study design was a modified 3+3.

Nonoperative Treatment of Isolated Posterior Glenohumeral Instability in an Active Military Population: Effect of Glenoid and Acromial Morphology.

Background: Nonoperative management of posterior shoulder instability is common. However, limited data are available to assess the pathomorphologic factors associated with its failure.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) to determine glenohumeral pathomorphologic features predictive of nonoperative management failure of posterior instability; and (2) to determine the relationship between nonoperative management failure and posterior glenoid bone loss (pGBL) progression.

Response of Spontaneous Oral Tumors in Canine Cancer Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT).

The objective of this study is describe outcome and toxicity for dogs with oral tumors, specifically oral malignant melanoma (OMM), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and soft tissue sarcoma (STS) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). A single institution retrospective study was conducted. Outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Single Fraction Radiosurgical Tolerance of Brainstem, Trigeminal Nerve, and Meckel's Cave for Facial Numbness.

Purpose: This article reviews toxicity outcomes for a series of patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia, focusing on dose to the brainstem, trigeminal nerve, and Meckel's cave as possible explanatory variables for the development of the most common posttreatment neuropathy, facial numbness.

Methods And Materials: A retrospective review of 136 cases treated with CyberKnife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia was performed. Dose was initially (cohort 1) prescribed to 57 to 64 Gy covering a 6-mm cylindrical shaped target volume ≥2 mm from the dorsal root entry zone.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from human epidermal receptor 2 positive breast Cancer: an international, multi-center study.

Purpose: To report patient outcomes and local tumor control rates in a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven HER-2 positive breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM).

Methods: This international, retrospective, multicenter study, included 195 female patients with 1706 SRS-treated BM. Radiologic and clinical outcomes after SRS were determined and prognostic factors identified.

Proton therapy toxicity outcomes for localized prostate cancer: Long-term results at a comprehensive cancer center.

Background: Proton therapy (PT) has unique biologic properties with excellent clinical outcomes for the management of localized prostate cancer. Here, we aim to characterize the toxicity of PT for patients with localized prostate cancer and propose mitigation strategies using a large institutional database.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of 2772 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with definitive PT between May 2006 through January 2020.

Outcomes of Haplo-Cord Versus Dual Cord Transplants: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Despite the concurrent use of haploidentical cord (HCT) and dual cord (DCT) stem cell transplant approaches for over a decade, there have been few comparisons of their outcomes. Our objective in this study is to assess for differences in the outcomes and adverse effects associated with HCTs versus DCTs. Here we report a retrospective analysis of HCTs and DCTs at our institution.

Maintaining Survival While Improving Quality of Life: An Advanced Practitioner-Led Pilot Feasibility Study to Reduce Radiation Dose in Children With Brain Tumors.

Purpose: Oncology advanced practitioners (APs) are on the front line in treating adverse effects. Among children with brain tumors, treatments such as craniospinal irradiation (CSI) cause neurocognitive injury, endocrinopathies, and ototoxicity. High-dose CSI with concurrent chemotherapy allows high-risk embryonal tumors (non-anaplastic) good survival (70%), but significant distressing effects are commonly treated by APs in multidisciplinary long-term follow-up.

Stereotactic Body Proton Therapy Versus Conventionally Fractionated Proton Therapy for Early Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Controlled, Phase 3 Trial.

Purpose: We aimed to determine if ultrahypofractionated proton therapy delivered via stereotactic body proton therapy (SBPT) is noninferior to conventionally fractionated proton therapy (CFPT) in patients with early prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: This study was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, noninferiority phase 3 trial that included patients with histologically confirmed low-risk prostate adenocarcinoma defined by Gleason score grouping 1, Prostate-specific antigen <10 ng/mL, and clinical stage T1-T2a N0 M0 according to 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis cancer staging system. Eligible participants were randomly assigned initially at a 1:1 ratio and later at a 2:1 ratio to SBPT (38 Gy in 5 fractions) or CFPT (79.

Medication-Induced Weight Change Across Common Antidepressant Treatments : A Target Trial Emulation Study.

Background: Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but evidence on comparative weight change for specific first-line treatments is limited.

Objective: To compare weight change across common first-line antidepressant treatments by emulating a target trial.

Design: Observational cohort study over 24 months.

The cochlear dose and the age at radiotherapy predict severe hearing loss after passive scattering proton therapy and cisplatin in children with medulloblastoma.

Background: Hearing loss (HL) is associated with worse neurocognitive outcomes among patients with medulloblastoma. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with severe HL and to evaluate the generalizability of a published HL calculator among patients treated with passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) and cisplatin.

Methods: We identified patients aged 3-21 years who were treated at our centers between 2007 and 2022.

Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules in Residents of Ukraine Exposed as Children or Adolescents to Iodine-131 from the Chornobyl Accident.

Although childhood exposure to radioactive iodine-131 (I-131) is an established risk factor for thyroid cancer, evidence for an association with thyroid nodules is less clear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between childhood I-131 exposure and prevalence of ultrasound-detected thyroid nodules overall and by nodule histology/cytology (neoplastic/suspicious/non-neoplastic), size (<10 mm/≥10 mm), and number (single/multiple). This is a cross-sectional study of radiation dose (mean = 0.

Salvage Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Recurrent WHO Grade 2 and 3 Meningiomas: A Multicenter Study (STORM).

Purpose: The role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of grade 2 and 3 meningiomas is not well elucidated. Unfortunately, local recurrence rates are high, and guidelines for management of recurrent disease are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted STORM (Salvage Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Recurrent WHO Grade 2 and 3 Meningiomas), a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients treated with primary SRS for recurrent grade 2 and 3 meningiomas.

Incorporation of Functional Lung Imaging Into Radiation Therapy Planning in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Our purpose was to provide an understanding of current functional lung imaging (FLI) techniques and their potential to improve dosimetry and outcomes for patients with lung cancer receiving radiation therapy (RT). Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched from 1990 until April 2023. Articles were included if they reported on FLI in one of: techniques, incorporation into RT planning for lung cancer, or quantification of RT-related outcomes for patients with lung cancer.

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species impact human fibroblast responses to protracted γ-ray exposures.

Continuous exposure to ionizing radiation at a low dose rate poses significant health risks to humans on deep space missions, prompting the need for mechanistic studies to identify countermeasures against its deleterious effects. Mitochondria are a major subcellular locus of radiogenic injury, and may trigger secondary cellular responses through the production of reactive oxygen species (mtROS) with broader biological implications. To determine the contribution of mtROS to radiation-induced cellular responses, we investigated the impacts of protracted γ-ray exposures (IR; 1.

Prospective Trial of Functional Lung Avoidance Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer: Quality of Life Report.

Purpose: A novel form of lung function imaging has been developed that uses 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) data to generate lung ventilation images (4DCT-ventilation). Functional avoidance uses 4DCT-ventilation to reduce doses to functional lung with the aim of reducing pulmonary side effects. A phase 2, multicenter 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance clinical trial was completed.

Large-scale network analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome identifies molecular signatures of frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

The pathophysiological mechanisms driving disease progression of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and corresponding biomarkers are not fully understood. We leveraged aptamer-based proteomics (> 4,000 proteins) to identify dysregulated communities of co-expressed cerebrospinal fluid proteins in 116 adults carrying autosomal dominant FTLD mutations () compared to 39 noncarrier controls. Network analysis identified 31 protein co-expression modules.

The influence of voxelotor on cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction in pediatric sickle cell disease.

Voxelotor is an inhibitor of sickle hemoglobin polymerization that is used to treat sickle cell disease. Although voxelotor has been shown to improve anemia, the clinical benefit on the brain remains to be determined. This study quantified the cerebral hemodynamic effects of voxelotor in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) using noninvasive diffuse optical spectroscopies.

Investigation of Gastrointestinal Toxicities Associated with Concurrent Abdominal Radiation Therapy and the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sunitinib in a Mouse Model.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may be combined with radiation therapy (RT) to enhance tumor control; however, increased incidences of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity have been reported with this combination. We hypothesize that toxicity is due to compromised intestinal healing caused by inhibition of vascular repair and proliferation pathways. This study explores underlying tissue toxicity associated with abdominal RT and concurrent sunitinib in a mouse model.

Practical guide on left atrial appendage closure for the non-implanting physician: an international consensus paper.

A significant proportion of patients who suffer from atrial fibrillation (AF) and are in need of thromboembolic protection are not treated with oral anticoagulation or discontinue this treatment shortly after its initiation. This undertreatment has not improved sufficiently despite the availability of direct oral anticoagulants which are associated with less major bleeding than vitamin K antagonists. Multiple reasons account for this, including bleeding events or ischaemic strokes whilst on anticoagulation, a serious risk of bleeding events, poor treatment compliance despite best educational attempts, or aversion to drug therapy.

Radiation cataract in Heterogeneous Stock mice after γ-ray or HZE ion exposure.

Health effects of space radiation are a serious concern for astronauts on long-duration missions. The lens of the eye is one of the most radiosensitive tissues in the body and, therefore, ocular health risks for astronauts is a significant concern. Studies in humans and animals indicate that ionizing radiation exposure to the eye produces characteristic lens changes, termed "radiation cataract," that can affect visual function.