Pilomatrix carcinoma unveiled: a systematic review of clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnostic puzzles, and management strategies.

Pilomatrix carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignant adnexal tumor originating from follicular matrix cells primarily impacting Caucasian males. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature on PC through an exploration of 206 cases reported between 1980 and 2024. We discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathology, and diagnostic challenges of PC, and explore various treatment methods for this rare malignancy as well as their associated outcomes.

Addressing Diabetes Distress in Primary Care: Where Are We Now, and Where Do We Need to Go?

Purpose Of Review: Addressing diabetes distress (DD), the emotional demands of living with diabetes, is a crucial component of diabetes care. Most individuals with type 2 diabetes and approximately half of adults with type 1 diabetes receive their care in the primary care setting. This review will provide guidance on addressing DD and implementing targeted techniques that can be tailored to primary care patients.

Robust discrimination between closely related species of salmon based on DNA fragments.

Closely related species of Salmonidae, including Pacific and Atlantic salmon, can be distinguished from one another based on nucleotide sequences from the cytochrome c oxidase sub-unit 1 mitochondrial gene (COI), using ensembles of fragments aligned to genetic barcodes that serve as digital proxies for the relevant species. This is accomplished by exploiting both the nucleotide sequences and their quality scores recorded in a FASTQ file obtained via Next Generation (NextGen) Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA extracted from Coho salmon caught with hook and line in the Gulf of Alaska. The alignment is done using MUSCLE (Muscle 5.

Epigenome-wide association study of perceived discrimination in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Perceived discrimination, recognized as a chronic psychosocial stressor, has adverse consequences on health. DNA methylation (DNAm) may be a potential mechanism by which stressors get embedded into the human body at the molecular level and subsequently affect health outcomes. However, relatively little is known about the effects of perceived discrimination on DNAm.

New onset refractory status epilepticus: Long-term outcomes beyond seizures.

We propose and prioritize important outcome domains that should be considered for future research investigating long-term outcomes (LTO) after new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). The study was led by the international NORSE Institute LTO Working Group. First, literature describing the LTO of NORSE survivors was identified using a PubMed search and summarized to identify knowledge gaps.

Population Genomics Reveals Local Adaptation Related to Temperature Variation in Two Stream Frog Species: Implications for Vulnerability to Climate Warming.

Identifying populations at highest risk from climate change is a critical component of conservation efforts. However, vulnerability assessments are usually applied at the species level, even though intraspecific variation in exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity play a crucial role in determining vulnerability. Genomic data can inform intraspecific vulnerability by identifying signatures of local adaptation that reflect population-level variation in sensitivity and adaptive capacity.

Enhancing prehospital decision-making: exploring user needs and design considerations for clinical decision support systems.

Background: In prehospital emergency care, providers face significant challenges in making informed decisions due to factors such as limited cognitive support, high-stress environments, and lack of experience with certain patient conditions. Effective Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) have great potential to alleviate these challenges. However, such systems have not yet been widely adopted in real-world practice and have been found to cause workflow disruptions and usability issues.

High-Value Care Education in the USA: Lessons from a National Value Curriculum for Resident and Fellow Physicians.

Purpose: Physicians are estimated to be responsible for more than 50% of national healthcare costs and hold the greatest potential to improve value by orchestrating quality-driven programs to reduce unnecessary practices and variability. A physician's ability to practice cost-conscious care has been linked to their training, underscoring the importance of integrating cost-conscious practice into training.

Methods: The High Value Practice Academic Alliance was formed to help advance the value-improvement work of individual institutions through a national organization.

Management of Vascular Complications from Button Battery Ingestions.

Purpose: To propose a gastrointestinal bleeding management algorithm that incorporates an endoscopic and imaging scoring system and specifies management of vascular complication from button battery ingestion.

Recent Findings: Button batteries (BB) are found in many electronic devices and ingestions are associated with serious complications especially in cases of unwitnessed ingestions, prolonged impaction, and in children less than 5 years of age. Gastrointestinal bleeding from BB related vascular injury is rare but often rapidly fatal, with a mortality rate as high as 81%.

Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells.

Interferon (IFN)-α is the earliest cytokine signature observed in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the effect of IFN-α on the antigen repertoire of HLA Class I (HLA-I) in pancreatic β-cells is unknown. Here we characterize the HLA-I antigen presentation in resting and IFN-α-exposed β-cells and find that IFN-α increases HLA-I expression and expands peptide repertoire to those derived from alternative mRNA splicing, protein cis-splicing and post-translational modifications. While the resting β-cell immunopeptidome is dominated by HLA-A-restricted peptides, IFN-α largely favors HLA-B and only marginally upregulates HLA-A, translating into increased HLA-B-restricted peptide presentation and activation of HLA-B-restricted CD8 T cells.

Upcycling polynorbornene derivatives into chemically recyclable multiblock linear and thermoset plastics.

Synthetic polymers have found widespread use with functional lifetimes from seconds to decades. However, the lack of end-of-life treatment for these plastics is causing a significant environmental and human health crisis due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. Upcycling post-consumer plastic waste to products with inherent recyclability is an attractive strategy to tackle this problem, as it can broaden the range of accessible materials and uncover unprecedented features while dealing with current plastic waste.

Comparing the incidence of hypospadias across the United States: A contemporary analysis.

Introduction: Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation occurring in up to 80 in 10,00 live male births, with emerging evidence associating exogenous environmental exposures with increased disease incidence. Military personnel are at particularly higher risk for such exposures and indeed, the rate of hypospadias in infant males born to United States military servicewomen deployed during the Gulf War has been reported to be more than 5 times greater compared to undeployed female military personnel.

Objective: To characterize contemporary trends in hypospadias incidence in the general population as well as high risk groups such as males born from US servicewomen using the National Birth Defects Prevention Network.

Digital Health for Asthma Management: Electronic Medication Monitoring for Adherence as a Case Example.

Digital health is an umbrella term for components of healthcare utilizing computer platforms, software, connectivity and sensors to augment the recording, documentation and communication of clinical information. The functions of digital health may be viewed in three domains: 1) the repository for patient information, 2) monitoring devices and 3) communication tools. Monitoring devices have provided robust information as diagnostic and prognostic tools in office and hospital settings.

Representative Training Data Sets Are Critical for Accurate Machine-Learning Classification of Microscopy Images of Particles Formed by Lipase-catalyzed Polysorbate Hydrolysis.

Polysorbate 20 (PS20) is commonly used as an excipient in therapeutic protein formulations. However, over the course of a therapeutic protein product's shelf life, minute amounts of co-purified host-cell lipases may cause slow hydrolysis of PS20, releasing fatty acids (FAs). These FAs may precipitate to form subvisible particles that can be detected and imaged by various techniques, e.

Characterizing substructure via mixture modeling in large-scale genetic summary statistics.

Genetic summary data are broadly accessible and highly useful, including for risk prediction, causal inference, fine mapping, and incorporation of external controls. However, collapsing individual-level data into summary data, such as allele frequencies, masks intra- and inter-sample heterogeneity, leading to confounding, reduced power, and bias. Ultimately, unaccounted-for substructure limits summary data usability, especially for understudied or admixed populations.

Evaluating sources of mercury in Canada's Mackenzie River.

Arctic rivers may be the largest net sources of mercury (Hg) to the Arctic Ocean, yet riverine sources of Hg remain poorly characterized compared to atmospheric processes. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on Hg inputs to the Mackenzie River and Valley in Northern Canada from six point and non-point sources. Point sources include the locations of mines, fossil fuel extraction facilities, and retrogressive permafrost thaw slumps.

Association Between Blood Type and Mortality Among Severely Injured Patients Enrolled in the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios Trial.

Introduction: Previous studies suggested that type O blood may be associated with increased mortality and/or thrombotic complications among trauma patients. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the relationship between endogenous blood type, mortality, and complications among patients receiving massive transfusions, using data from the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios trial.

Materials And Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios trial that included patients with the reported blood type (A, AB, B, or O) data.

BuDDI: Bulk Deconvolution with Domain Invariance to predict cell-type-specific perturbations from bulk.

While single-cell experiments provide deep cellular resolution within a single sample, some single-cell experiments are inherently more challenging than bulk experiments due to dissociation difficulties, cost, or limited tissue availability. This creates a situation where we have deep cellular profiles of one sample or condition, and bulk profiles across multiple samples and conditions. To bridge this gap, we propose BuDDI (BUlk Deconvolution with Domain Invariance).

Automating the amino acid identification in elliptical dichroism spectrometer with Machine Learning.

Amino acid identification is crucial across various scientific disciplines, including biochemistry, pharmaceutical research, and medical diagnostics. However, traditional methods such as mass spectrometry require extensive sample preparation and are time-consuming, complex and costly. Therefore, this study presents a pioneering Machine Learning (ML) approach for automatic amino acid identification by utilizing the unique absorption profiles from an Elliptical Dichroism (ED) spectrometer.

Pooled PPIseq: Screening the SARS-CoV-2 and human interface with a scalable multiplexed protein-protein interaction assay platform.

Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) are a key interface between virus and host, and these interactions are important to both viral reprogramming of the host and to host restriction of viral infection. In particular, viral-host PPI networks can be used to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tissue specificity, host range, and virulence. At higher scales, viral-host PPI screening could also be used to screen for small-molecule antivirals that interfere with essential viral-host interactions, or to explore how the PPI networks between interacting viral and host genomes co-evolve.

Neurodevelopmental and Mental Health Outcomes in a National Clinical Sample of Youth With Sex Chromosome Trisomies Compared With Matched Controls.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of neurodevelopmental and mental health diagnoses in a national sample of youth with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) with matched controls.

Methods: Patients in PEDSnet and a diagnosis code mapping to 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome (n = 1171), 47,XYY/Double Y syndrome (n = 243), or 47,XXX/Trisomy X syndrome (n = 262) were matched with controls using propensity scores. Generalized estimating equations computed odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diagnoses within the neurodevelopmental and mental health composites, psychotropic medication prescriptions, and encounters with behavioral health and therapy providers.