Optimizing Point-in-Space Continuous Monitoring System Sensor Placement on Oil and Gas Sites.

We propose a generic, modular framework to optimize the placement of point-in-space continuous monitoring system sensors on oil and gas sites aiming to maximize the methane emission detection efficiency. Our proposed framework substantially expands the problem scale compared to previous related studies and can be adapted for different objectives in sensor placement. This optimization framework is comprised of five steps: (1) simulate emission scenarios using site-specific wind and emission information; (2) set possible sensor locations under consideration of the site layout and any site-specific constraints; (3) simulate methane concentrations for each pair of emission scenario and possible sensor location; (4) determine emissions detection based on the site-specific simulated concentrations; and (5) select the best subset of sensor locations, under a given number of sensors to place, using genetic algorithms combined with Pareto optimization.

Dynamics of automated body condition scores in grazing Holstein cows in a year-round calving system.

This observational study aimed to characterize the seasonal dynamics of automated BCS throughout the lactation of Holstein cows in a pasture-based system with year-round calvings. Examining the association between nadir BCS (nBCS; defined as the lowest daily BCS after calving) and peak milk yield within each calving period (calendar seasons equally divided in early and late) was a secondary objective of this research. Retrospective data included 2,164 lactations in 539 primiparous (PRI) and 1,625 multiparous (MLT) Holstein cows that calved from July 2021 to June 2023 in a commercial dairy farm located in Southern Chile.

2,4-D resistance due to a deletion in IAA2 in Sisymbrium orientale L. carries no apparent fitness penalty.

Background: A deletion mutation in the degron tail of auxin coreceptor IAA2 was found to confer resistance to the herbicide 2,4-D in Sisymbrium orientale. Given the importance of auxin signalling in plant development, this study was conducted to investigate whether this deletion mutation may affect plant fitness.

Results: The F progeny of crosses with two resistant populations P2 (P2♂ × S♀) and P13 (P13♂ × S♀) were used in this study.

Context-specific eQTLs provide deeper insight into causal genes underlying shared genetic architecture of critically ill COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Most genetic variants identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are suspected to be regulatory in nature, but only a small fraction colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs, variants associated with expression of a gene). Therefore, it is hypothesized but largely untested that integration of disease GWAS with context-specific eQTLs will reveal the underlying genes driving disease associations. We used colocalization and transcriptomic analyses to identify shared genetic variants and likely causal genes associated with critically ill COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Sex Differences in Circadian Timing and Biological Night in Adolescents.

Circadian rhythms, intrinsic 24-h cycles that drive rhythmic changes in behavior and physiology, are important for normal physiology and health. Previous work in adults has identified sex differences in circadian rhythms of melatonin, temperature, and the intrinsic period of the human circadian timing system. However, less is known about sex differences in circadian rhythms at other developmental stages.

Overcoming the technical challenge of venous resection with pancreatectomy: Which factors determine survival?

Background: Pancreatectomy with venous resection (PVR) is nowadays considered standard. However, there is still concern about increased postoperative morbidity and impaired long-term outcome depending on the type of venous resection and reconstruction. The aim was to investigate the predictors of morbidity and long-term survival in patients undergoing PVR in a high-volume center.

Sexual identity, sexual behavior, and drug use behaviors among people who use drugs in the rural U.S.

Introduction: People who use drugs (PWUD) are at risk of HIV infection, but the frequency and distribution of transmission-associated behaviors within rural communities is not well understood. Further, while interventions designed to more explicitly affirm individuals' sexual orientation and behaviors may be more effective, descriptions of behavior variability by orientation are lacking. We sought to describe how disease transmission behaviors and overdose risk vary by sexual orientation and activity among rural PWUD.

Comparison of Chart Review and Administrative Data in Developing Predictive Models for Readmissions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of machine learning models for predicting readmission of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) based on administrative data and chart review data. The study analyzed 4,327 patient encounters from the University of Chicago Medicine to assess the risk of readmission within 90 days after an acute exacerbation of COPD. Two random forest prediction models were compared.

bneR: A collaborative workflow for air pollution exposure modeling and uncertainty characterization using the Bayesian Nonparametric Ensemble.

Background: Air pollution is a major public health threat globally. Health studies, regulatory actions, and policy evaluations typically rely on air pollutant concentrations from single exposure models, assuming accurate estimations and ignoring related uncertainty. We developed a modeling framework, bneR, to apply the Bayesian Nonparametric Ensemble (BNE) prediction model that combines existing exposure models as inputs to provide air pollution estimates and their spatio-temporal uncertainty.

Towards contrast-agnostic soft segmentation of the spinal cord.

Spinal cord segmentation is clinically relevant and is notably used to compute spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) for the diagnosis and monitoring of cord compression or neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. While several semi and automatic methods exist, one key limitation remains: the segmentation depends on the MRI contrast, resulting in different CSA across contrasts. This is partly due to the varying appearance of the boundary between the spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid that depends on the sequence and acquisition parameters.

Convening Hispanic/Latino Caregiving Advisors for Inclusive Research in Dementia Palliative Care.

Dementia clinical trials often fail to include diverse and historically minoritized groups. We sought to adapt the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias-Palliative Care (ADRD-PC) clinical trial to improve enrollment and address the cultural needs of people with late-stage ADRD who identify as Hispanic or Latino and their family caregivers. Bilingual, bicultural research team members adapted study materials and processes using the Cultural Adaptation Process Model.

Neurobehavioral Symptoms Partially Mediate the Effects of Depression and PTSD on Participation for Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To examine whether neurobehavioral symptoms mediate the relationship between comorbid mental health conditions (major depressive disorder [MDD] and/or posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and participation restriction among Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Setting: Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Participants: National sample of Veterans with mTBI who received VHA outpatient care between 2012 and 2020.

Sex Differences in Early/Unplanned Separation Among US Service Members With a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of early/unplanned (E/U) separations following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and assess whether sex impacts the hazard of separation.

Setting: Military Health System (MHS).

Participants: Active duty service members (N = 75,730) with an initial mTBI diagnosis in military records between January 2011 and January 2018.

Therapeutic interception in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis to prevent clinically impactful disease.

Multiple clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prevention have been completed. Here, we set out to report on the lessons learnt from these studies. Researchers who conducted RA prevention trials shared the background, rationale, approach and outcomes and evaluated the lessons learnt to inform the next generation of RA prevention trials.

Brain Function Outcomes of Recent and Lifetime Cannabis Use.

Importance: Cannabis use has increased globally, but its effects on brain function are not fully known, highlighting the need to better determine recent and long-term brain activation outcomes of cannabis use.

Objective: To examine the association of lifetime history of heavy cannabis use and recent cannabis use with brain activation across a range of brain functions in a large sample of young adults in the US.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data (2017 release) from the Human Connectome Project (collected between August 2012 and 2015).

Safety and Efficacy of Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution (0.25%) in Treating Demodex Blepharitis: Pooled Analysis of Two Pivotal Trials.

Introduction: Lotilaner ophthalmic solution (0.25%) is the first United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)-approved drug for treating Demodex blepharitis. In pivotal trials, it was found to be well tolerated and demonstrated a significant reduction in collarettes and mite density after a 6-week treatment regimen.

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

Endothelial and smooth muscle cell interaction with hydrothermally treated titanium surfaces.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide, and the most common form is coronary artery disease (CAD). Treatment options include coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) or percutaneous heart intervention (PCI), but both have drawbacks. Bare metal stents (BMS) are commonly used to treat CAD; however, they lead to restenosis.

Current state and promise of user-centered design to harness explainable AI in clinical decision-support systems for patients with CNS tumors.

In neuro-oncology, MR imaging is crucial for obtaining detailed brain images to identify neoplasms, plan treatment, guide surgical intervention, and monitor the tumor's response. Recent AI advances in neuroimaging have promising applications in neuro-oncology, including guiding clinical decisions and improving patient management. However, the lack of clarity on how AI arrives at predictions has hindered its clinical translation.

Unusual presentation of medication-induced atrial fibrillation: A case report.

This case highlights that atrial fibrillation can occur as an adverse effect of tamsulosin even in younger patients at lower doses, challenging the conventional understanding that this complication primarily affects older individuals on higher doses. Clinicians should remain vigilant for this potential side effect across all patient demographics to ensure prompt identification and management.

Racial Disparities in Time to Huntington Disease Diagnosis in North America: An ENROLL-HD Analysis.

Background And Objectives: There are well-documented racial and ethnic disparities in access to neurologic care and disease-specific outcomes. Although contemporary clinical and neurogenetic understanding of Huntington disease (HD) is thanks to a decades-long study of a Venezuelan cohort, there are a limited number of studies that have evaluated racial and ethnic disparities in HD. The goal of this study was to evaluate disparities in time from symptom onset to time of diagnosis of HD.

Improving safety in the performance of robotic urinary diversions: a narrative review.

Urinary diversions are performed for a wide variety of indications, including bladder removal for cancer treatment, post-cancer treatment complications, trauma, or bladder pain. The robotic approach has been increasingly used in performing urinary diversions since the introduction of the surgical robot. A PubMed keyword search was performed on September 14, 2023 with the terms: robotic and urinary diversion.

Environment scan of generative AI infrastructure for clinical and translational science.

This study reports a comprehensive environmental scan of the generative AI (GenAI) infrastructure in the national network for clinical and translational science across 36 institutions supported by the CTSA Program led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the United States. Key findings indicate a diverse range of institutional strategies, with most organizations in the experimental phase of GenAI deployment. The results underscore the need for a more coordinated approach to GenAI governance, emphasizing collaboration among senior leaders, clinicians, information technology staff, and researchers.