AI-Enhanced Interface for Colonic Polyp Segmentation Using DeepLabv3+ with Comparative Backbone Analysis.

Polyps are one of the early stages of colon cancer. The detection of polyps by segmentation and their removal by surgical intervention is of great importance for making treatment decisions. Although the detection of polyps through colonoscopy images can lead to multiple expert needs and time losses, it can also include human error.

The ileocecal valve in transabdominal ultrasound. Part 2: Pathological lesions.

The aim of this paper is to present our experience in transabdominal ultrasonography of ileocecal valve lesions. The ileocecal valve, located in the central part of the ileocecal bowel segment, is rarely the primary site of disease processes. It is usually involved by pathologies in adjacent bowel segments.

MugenNet: A Novel Combined Convolution Neural Network and Transformer Network with Application in Colonic Polyp Image Segmentation.

Accurate polyp image segmentation is of great significance, because it can help in the detection of polyps. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a common automatic segmentation method, but its main disadvantage is the long training time. Transformer is another method that can be adapted to the automatic segmentation method by employing a self-attention mechanism, which essentially assigns different importance weights to each piece of information, thus achieving high computational efficiency during segmentation.

Validation of Artificial Intelligence Computer-Aided Detection of Colonic Neoplasm in Colonoscopy.

Background/objectives: Controlling colonoscopic quality is important in the detection of colon polyps during colonoscopy as it reduces the overall long-term colorectal cancer risk. Artificial intelligence has recently been introduced in various medical fields. In this study, we aimed to validate a previously developed artificial intelligence (AI) computer-aided detection (CADe) algorithm called ALPHAON and compare outcomes with previous studies that showed that AI outperformed and assisted endoscopists of diverse levels of expertise in detecting colon polyps.

Colorectal Neoplasia Detection Rates in Lynch Syndrome.

Background: The expected and optimal adenoma detection rate (ADR) is not well characterized in Lynch syndrome (LS). The aim of this study is to determine the ADR, the overall colorectal neoplasia detection rate (CNDR), proximal serrated detection rate (PSDR), and CRC detection rate (CRCDR) in an LS cohort.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed of individuals with LS who were evaluated at a single tertiary care center from May 2001 to September 2023 ( = 542).

Biological Age Acceleration and Colonic Polyps in Persons under Age 50.

Epigenetic clocks can quantify DNA methylation by measuring the methylation levels at specific sites in the genome, which correlate with biological age (BA). Accelerated aging, where BA exceeds chronologic age, has been studied in relation to cancer development, but its utility in cancer prevention remains unclear. Accelerated aging holds promise as a tool to explain the increase in early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC).

The Impact of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection on Colonic Polyp Resection and Factors Influencing Recurrence.

Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the endoscopic resection of colonic polyps and investigate the factors influencing polyp recurrence.

Methods: A total of 174 patients with colorectal polyps admitted to the Gastroenterology Department during the same period were included in this prospective randomized controlled study. The patients were randomly allocated to the EMR group and ESD group (72 cases in each group) using a random number table.

Very rare isolated colonic inflammatory cap polyps in a patient with known long-standing ulcerative colitis.

Inflammatory cap polyps (ICP) are an extremely rare finding during digestive endoscopy, typically presenting as multiple polyps in the form of cap polyposis. Among the few reported cases of ICP, some have been associated with multiple polyposis forms, showing a clinical presentation similar to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which was subsequently ruled out following further diagnostic evaluation. In this report, we present an exceptionally rare case of two isolated ICPs (not in the form of cap polyposis) in a patient with a long-standing, well-established histological diagnosis of IBD located in atypical sites (specifically, the descending and transverse colon), with a characteristic endoscopic appearance.

Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection is superior to conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for medium-sized colorectal sessile polyps: a randomized controlled trial.

The comparison of underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) and conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (CEMR) in the treatment of medium-sized (10 mm ≤ diameter ≤ 20 mm) colorectal sessile polyps is unknown. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of UEMR and CEMR in the treatment of medium-sized colorectal sessile polyps. 200 patients with medium-sized colorectal sessile polyps were randomly divided into UEMR group and CEMR group equally.

CRH-YOLO for precise and efficient detection of gastrointestinal polyps.

Gastrointestinal polyps are early indicators of many significant diseases within the digestive system, and timely detection of these polyps is crucial for preventing them. Although clinical gastrointestinal endoscopy and interventions help reduce the risk of malignancy, most current methods fail to adequately address the uncertainties and scale issues associated with the presence of polyps, posing a threat to patients' health. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel single-stage method for polyp detection.

TSdetector: Temporal-Spatial self-correction collaborative learning for colonoscopy video detection.

CNN-based object detection models that strike a balance between performance and speed have been gradually used in polyp detection tasks. Nevertheless, accurately locating polyps within complex colonoscopy video scenes remains challenging since existing methods ignore two key issues: intra-sequence distribution heterogeneity and precision-confidence discrepancy. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Temporal-Spatial self-correction detector (TSdetector), which first integrates temporal-level consistency learning and spatial-level reliability learning to detect objects continuously.

In-context learning enables multimodal large language models to classify cancer pathology images.

Medical image classification requires labeled, task-specific datasets which are used to train deep learning networks de novo, or to fine-tune foundation models. However, this process is computationally and technically demanding. In language processing, in-context learning provides an alternative, where models learn from within prompts, bypassing the need for parameter updates.

A Case Report of Larsen's Syndrome, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Diaphragmatic Hernia, and a Colon Polyp: A Hidden Association or a Mere Coincidence.

Larsen's syndrome is an exceedingly rare and debilitating skeletal disorder characterized by multiple bony deformities and joint contractures. A 47-year-old female grappled with its severe manifestations, including functional quadriplegia, limb atrophy, and various orthopedic surgeries. This is the only reported case of the concurrent presence of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLA) and Larsen's syndrome.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Nonampullary Duodenal Lesions: Expert Review.

Description: Nonampullary duodenal polyps are found in up to 5% of all upper endoscopies; the vast majority are identified incidentally in asymptomatic patients. Although most are benign, adenomas are estimated to account for 10%-20% of these lesions. Most international guidelines recommend that all duodenal adenomas should be considered for endoscopic resection; this may be associated with a near 15% adverse event rate (predominantly bleeding and perforation) in prospective studies, with substantial local recurrence on surveillance.

Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors on serrated polyps with synchronous advanced adenoma in elderly and non-elderly people: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Serrated polyps (SPs) with synchronous advanced adenoma (AA) may increase the incidence of colorectal cancer. However, current studies do not address this combination of SPs and AAs in detail with regard to their clinical characteristics in different age groups. The aim was to assess clinical characteristics and risk factors for SPs with synchronous AA in different age groups.

[Conventional colonoscopy vs. cap-assisted colonoscopy: there are differences in colonoscopy performance?].

Introduction: Colonoscopy is the standard method for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Despite the use of multiple devices, polyp and adenoma detection results have been inconsistent.

Objectives: The main aim of this research is to determine if there have been differences between conventional colonoscopy (CC) and cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC) in the diagnosis performance to detect adenomas.

Interobserver variability in the histopathological classification and grading of dysplasia in elevated colon lesions in the city of Lima.

Unlabelled: Colonic polyp refers to lesions that exhibit a protrusion of the mucosa, regardless of histology. The most recent WHO classification is based on a better understanding of these lesions; however, its application in daily practice could be subject to interobserver variability biases that could have clinical implications.

Objectives: To determine the interobserver variability in the histopathological reporting and grading of dysplasia of samples obtained from elevated colon lesions in a private laboratory in the city of Lima.