HIV interventions across the care continuum for adolescents in high-burden countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Adolescents (10-19 years old) have poor outcomes across the prevention-to-treatment HIV care continuum, leading to significant mortality and morbidity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions that documented HIV outcomes among adolescents in HIV high-burden countries.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2015 and September 2024, assessing at least one HIV outcome along the prevention-to-care cascade, including PrEP uptake, HIV testing, awareness of HIV infections, ARV adherence, retention, and virological suppression.

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in a Patient With Gastric Bypass, a Therapeutic Challenge in the Management of Postoperative Achalasia.

Achalasia is a rare esophageal motor disorder characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and ineffective contraction of the esophageal body. This condition is not often associated with obesity; however, in recent years, cases of achalasia after bariatric surgery have been described. We describe the case of a 30-year-old female patient with a history of gastric sleeve surgery in 2018, which, 4 years after the intervention, presented with dysphagia, regurgitation, and weight loss.

Emergence of in Minas Gerais, Brazil: Genomic Surveillance to inform Rapid Public Health Responses.

poses a significant global health threat due to its multidrug-resistance and outbreak potential. In this study, we report its emergence in Minas Gerais, Brazil, supported by genomic surveillance that identified Clade-IV isolates, suggested a potential introduction from Colombia, and detected a missense mutation associated with azole resistance.

Immunogenicity of the CoronaVac vaccine in children: a real-world study.

Background: Despite its proven effectiveness and safety, there are limited real-world data on CoronaVac's immunogenicity in children, especially in lower-income countries, particularly for SARS-CoV-2 variants. We present a real-world study evaluating CoronaVac's immunogenicity in Colombian children stratified by previous exposure to this virus.

Methods: 89 children aged 3-11 years were enrolled (50 Non-Exposed and 39 Exposed).

Climate change, migration, and health: perspectives from Latin America and the Caribbean.

This article delves into the complex relationship between climate change, migration patterns, and health outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). While the severe impact of climate change on health in LAC is widely acknowledged, the article sheds light on the often-overlooked multiple effects on migration and the well-being of migrants. These impacts encompass poverty, food and water insecurity, and adverse physical and mental health outcomes.

The response of health systems to the needs of migrants and refugees in the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative case study between Mexico, Colombia and Peru.

Background: Protecting the health of migrants and refugees during the pandemic was a significant challenge in the Latin American region. We aimed to describe and contrast the response of the health systems of Mexico, Colombia and Perú to migrants' and refugees' health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to situate the response in the context of the migration and health policies of each country.

Methods: We conducted case studies of the three countries.

Guided endodontics, precision and predictability: a case series of mineralized anterior teeth with follow-up cone-beam computed tomography.

Pulp chamber and root canal obliteration (PCO/RCO) presents a challenge for clinicians when nonsurgical endodontic treatment is indicated. Guided endodontics (GE) aims to precisely locate the root canal (RC) system while preserving as much pericervical dentin as possible. GE involves integrating cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the affected tooth with a digital impression of the maxillary/mandibular arch, allowing for careful planning of the drilling path to the RC system through a three-dimensional (3D) static guide.

The Linear Retrograde Infiltration (LiRi) Technique for Buttock Fat Infiltration: A Cohort Evolution.

Background: Autologous fat grafting in the buttocks has gained great popularity However, one of the main risks is infiltration of fat into the systemic venous system, leading to potential complications such as macroscopic fatty embolism (MAFE), which can be fatal.

Objectives: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the LiRi (Linear Retrograde infiltration) for autologous fat grafting in the buttocks, and its evolution over a six-month follow-up period.

Methods: The procedure was performed in 114 patients.

Time-Course physiopathology of Envenomation in Swiss Webster Mice: Insights into Systemic Manifestations.

Objective: The expansion of human activities in northern Colombia has increased human-snake encounters, particularly with venomous . Given the limited knowledge of systemic envenomation effects and previous studies focusing only on early murine symptoms, this investigation aimed to describe the time-course physiopathology of envenomation following intramuscular injection .

Methods: Venom was inoculated in the gastrocnemius muscles of Swiss Webster mice, and blood, urine, and tissue samples were taken at different times to evaluate lethality and biochemical markers of renal function and oxidative stress.

Advantages of the standardized use of preoperative fascia iliaca block versus conventional analgesia in older adults with fragility hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study at two hospitals in Colombia.

Hospital admission due to fragility hip fracture has increased significantly in recent years. In patients with hip fracture, perioperative pain management is usually with opioids, whose dosage is difficult to adjust and have many side effects, especially in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact and the advantages of the implementation of the fascia iliaca blockade in older adults with hip fracture due to fragility included in the Orthogeriatric Clinical Care Center of the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá and the San José Infantil University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia.

Interdisciplinary, Computer-Guided Periodontal and Dental Management of a Novel Hypo- and Microdontia Case Restored With Ultrathin Veneers Fabricated via INKGLUE Technique.

Objectives: This report illustrates the digital interdisciplinary management of a case presenting with diastemata, a retained primary tooth, microdontia, and hypodontia. Esthetic crown lengthening and ultrathin veneers optimized the natural dentition and achieved a stable, minimally-invasive, and esthetically-pleasing outcome.

Clinical Considerations: Reduction guides were digitally-designed and 3D-printed for guided crown lengthening and dental veneer preparation.

Mortality causes and health spending by gender and health conditions in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in Colombia.

This document determines the causes of mortality (2008-2022) and calculate per capita health expenditure (2013-2021) in octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians in the Colombian population, considering year, gender and age group. For this nationwide retrospective descriptive observational study, epidemiological regions, urban/rural areas and morbidities were also studied. A mean of 75,552 deaths was observed from 2008 to 2022.

[Total knee artroplasty: degree of post-operative functionality in adults].

Introduction: the two most used types of prosthesis are posterior cruciate ligament preserving (CR) and posterostabilized (PS). Proponents of CR TKA cited greater stability, greater range of motion, better proprioception, and greater kickback associated with the native posterior cruciate ligament.

Objective: to assess the degree of pain, return of mobility and functionality of the joint of patients who had TKA, between the years January 2018 and December 2022 at the Juárez Centro Medical Surgical Unit, using their records as a study unit.

Generalized, sublethal damage-based mathematical approach for improved modeling of clonogenic survival curve flattening upon hyperthermia, radiotherapy, and beyond.

Mathematical modeling can offer valuable insights into the behavior of biological systems upon treatment. Different mathematical models (empirical, semi-empirical, and mechanistic) have been designed to predict the efficacy of either hyperthermia (HT), radiotherapy (RT), or their combination. However, mathematical approaches capable of modeling cell survival from shared general principles for both mono-treatments alone and their co-application are rare.

Efficacy and Acceptability of a Mobile App for Monitoring the Clinical Status of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Receiving Home Oxygen Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily originates from exposure to tobacco smoke, although factors, such as air pollution and exposure to chemicals, also play a role. One of the primary treatments for COPD is oxygen therapy, which helps manage dyspnea and improve survival rates. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have demonstrated significant potential in monitoring patients with chronic diseases, offering new avenues for enhancing patient care and disease management.

PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE 2 regulates secondary metabolism and confers manganese tolerance in Stylosanthes guianensis.

Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) is a tropical legume that exhibits considerable tolerance to manganese (Mn) toxicity, which severely constrains plant growth in acidic soils. To elucidate the Mn detoxification mechanisms in stylo, this study investigated the excess Mn-regulated metabolic profile of stylo roots and examined the role of metabolic enzymes in Mn tolerance. Excess Mn triggered oxidative stress in the two stylo genotypes tested.

Chronic Use of Benzodiazepine in Older Adults and Its Relationship with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Learning Objective: After participating in this CME activity, the psychiatrist should be better able to:• Explain current understanding of the relationship between chronic benzodiazepine use and dementia.

Background: Chronic use of benzodiazepines (BZ) for managing conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, sleep disorders, and other chronic diseases is widespread; yet, there is considerable controversy regarding its potential links to dementia risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to clarify this relationship by synthesizing and analyzing the available evidence to provide a clearer understanding of whether prolonged BZ use contributes to developing dementia.

A low pre-existing anti-NS1 humoral immunity to DENV is associated with microcephaly development after gestational ZIKV exposure.

Background: Gestational Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with the development of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which includes microcephaly and fetal demise. The magnitude and quality of orthoflavivirus-specific humoral immunity have been previously linked to the development of CZS. However, the role of ZIKV NS1-specific humoral immunity in mothers and children with prenatal ZIKV exposure and CZS remains undefined.

NMR spectroscopy derived plasma biomarkers of inflammation in human populations: Influences of age, sex and adiposity.

Understanding the distribution and variation in inflammatory markers is crucial for advancing our knowledge of inflammatory processes and evaluating their clinical utility in diagnosing and monitoring acute and chronic disease. 1H NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma and serum was applied to measure a composite panel of inflammatory markers based on acute phase glycoprotein signals (GlycA and GlycB) and sub-regions of the lipoprotein derived Supramolecular Phospholipid Composite signals (SPC1, SPC2 and SPC3) to establish normal ranges in two healthy, predominantly white cohorts from Australia (n = 398) and Spain (n = 80; ages 20-70 years). GlycA, GlycB, SPC1 and SPC3 were not significantly impacted by age or sex, but SPC2 (an HDL-related biomarker) was significantly higher in women across all age ranges by an average of 33.

Bifurcation analysis of an influenza A (H1N1) model with treatment and vaccination.

This research uses numerical simulations and mathematical theories to simulate and analyze the spread of the influenza virus. The existence, uniqueness, positivity, and boundedness of the solution are established. We investigate the fundamental reproduction number guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of equilibrium points that are endemic and disease-free.

Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis and Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Individuals Using HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis.

Importance: Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP) has been shown to decrease the incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people assigned male sex at birth in clinical trials, but data from clinical practice are limited.

Objective: To describe early uptake of doxyPEP and evaluate changes in STI incidence following doxyPEP initiation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study of adults (aged ≥18 years) dispensed HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at Kaiser Permanente Northern California during November 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023, examined electronic health record data to compare HIV PrEP users dispensed and not dispensed doxyPEP and rates of bacterial STIs before and after starting doxyPEP.