Protein abundance of drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes in paired healthy and tumor tissue from colorectal cancer patients.

The widespread prevalence of colorectal cancer and its high mortality rate emphasize the urgent need for more effective therapies. When developing new drug products, a key aspect is ensuring that sufficiently high concentrations of the active drug are reached at the site of action. Drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes can significantly influence the absorption and local accumulation of drugs in intestinal tissue.

Association of patient comorbidities with colorectal cancer site as detected by computed tomography scan and colonoscopy: A retrospective study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer worldwide. The most prevalent site is sigmoid. Comorbidities are common in patients with CRC and may be an important prognostic factor.

Neuroprotective role of mirabegron: Targeting beta-3 adrenergic receptors to alleviate ulcerative colitis-associated cognitive impairment.

While cognitive impairment has been documented in ulcerative colitic patients, the possible influence of central β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) signaling on this extraintestinal manifestation remains unclear. Previously, we identified an imperative role for mirabegron (MA) as an agonist of β3-AR, in decreasing the BACE-1/beta-amyloid (Aβ) cue in the colons of UC rats. Consequently, we investigated its therapeutic potential for alleviating cognitive impairment associated with UC.

Tailored-surgery for locally advanced colon cancer based on 3D mathematical reconstruction surgical planner: Observational comparative non-randomized study.

Background: This study investigates the effectiveness of a three-dimensional reconstruction mathematical model (3D-IPR) for preoperative planning in locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) with threatened surgical margins. The objective was to evaluate the utility of a 3D-IPR surgical planner tool in cases of LACC with threatened surgical margins. Additionally, the study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the 3D-IPR model against conventional CT scans in determining the infiltration of neighboring structures.

Modeling, synthesis and cell-based evaluation of pyridine-substituted analogs of CD3254 and fluorinated analogs of CBt-PMN as novel therapeutics.

Six pyridine analogs of (E)-3-(3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4,6-pentamethylnaphthalen-7-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid-or CD3254 (11)-in addition to two novel analogs of 1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-5-carboxylic acid (CBt-PMN or 23) were prepared and evaluated for selective retinoid-X-receptor (RXR) agonism alongside bexarotene (1), an FDA-approved drug for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Treatment with 1 often elicits side-effects by disrupting or provoking other RXR-dependent nuclear receptors and cellular pathways. All analogs were assessed through modeling for their ability to bind RXR and then evaluated in human colon and kidney cells employing an RXR-RXR mammalian-2-hybrid (M2H) system and in an RXRE-controlled transcriptional assay.

Metabolic consequences and tubular function after augmentation cystoplasty in children with neurogenic bladder.

Background: Many studies have reported the renal outcomes and metabolic consequences after augmentation cystoplasty (AC), however few studies have discussed changes in renal tubular function. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic disturbances, evaluate renal tubular function and 24-hour urine chemistry to evaluate the association between metabolic alterations and urolithiasis after AC.

Methods: We investigated serum biochemistry, blood gas, and 24-hour urinary metabolic profile of children who underwent AC between January 2000 and December 2020.

Correlation Between Grade of Clinical Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer and Oncologic Outcomes in the Era of Watch-and-Wait.

Background: The watch-and-wait strategy provides an opportunity to pursue non-operative management in rectal cancer patients with clinical complete response after neoadjuvant therapy. The management of those with near complete response remains controversial.

Objective: We assessed the oncologic outcomes of patients managed by watch-and-wait versus total mesorectal excision according to clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy.

Virulence factor discovery identifies associations between the Fic gene family and Fap2 fusobacteria in colorectal cancer microbiomes.

is a bacterium associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. Fap2 is a fusobacteria-specific outer membrane galactose-binding lectin that mediates adherence to and invasion of CRC tumors. Advances in omics analyses provide an opportunity to profile and identify microbial genomic features that correlate with the cancer-associated bacterial virulence factor Fap2.

Impact of Disease Etiology and Indication for Colectomy on Postoperative Outcomes: A NSQIP Colectomy-Targeted Database Study.

Background: The ACS-NSQIP Colectomy-Targeted database provides valuable metrics on surgical outcomes by utilizing clinical data to enhance quality improvement efforts. However, the quality measures offered in the ACS-NSQIP semiannual report do not stratify for the indication for colectomy. We aim to compare postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing colectomy for colon cancer, infectious causes, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

A Review on the Role of Human Solute Carriers Transporters in Cancer.

Background And Aim: The high rate of tumor growth results in an increased need for amino acids. As solute carriers (SLC) transporters are capable of transporting different amino acids, cancer may develop as a result of these transporters' over-expression due to their complex formation with other biological molecules. Therefore, this review investigated the role of SLC transporters in the progression of cancer.

A pectic polysaccharide from Murray alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

Inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) can lead to severe complications like perforation, bleeding, and colon cancer, posing life-threatening risks. Murray ( Murr.), rich in polysaccharides, has been utilized in traditional diets for thousands of years.

Targeted inhibition of Gus-expressing to promote intestinal stem cell and epithelial renovation contributes to the relief of irinotecan chemotoxicity by dehydrodiisoeugenol.

Irinotecan (CPT11) chemotherapy-induced diarrhea affects a substantial cancer population due to -glucuronidase (Gus) converting 10--glucuronyl-7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38G) to toxic 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38). Existing interventions primarily address inflammation and Gus enzyme inhibition, neglecting epithelial repair and Gus-expressing bacteria. Herein, we discovered that dehydrodiisoeugenol (DDIE), isolated from nutmeg, alleviates CPT11-induced intestinal mucositis alongside a synergistic antitumor effect with CPT11 by improving weight loss, colon shortening, epithelial barrier dysfunction, goblet cells and intestinal stem cells (ISCs) loss, and wound-healing.

Therapeutic efficacy of jeoryeong-tang in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Jeoryeong-tang (JRT) was first recorded in . It is composed of Polyporus Sclerotium, Poria, Asini Corii Colla, Alisma Rhizome, and Talcum at the same weight ratio. These medicinal materials are known for diuretic and hemostatic effects and have been traditionally used to treat kidney and bladder diseases.

Integrated analysis of non‑coding RNAs (HOTAIR and miR‑130a) and their cross‑talk with TGF‑β1, SIRT1 and E‑cadherin as potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer.

Molecular changes have a substantial impact on the onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). Complexes of HOTAIR and miRNAs disrupt several cellular functions during carcinogenesis, primarily by disrupting several carcinogenic signaling pathways. In the present study, the relationships between the serum levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and E-cadherin and those of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) and microRNA-130a (miR-130a) in individuals with CRC were analyzed, including their correlations and diagnostic potential.

Effect of electroacupuncture on discomfort in patients undergoing colonoscopy: protocol for a multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Colonoscopy is currently the most commonly used and effective method for early detection, diagnosis and treatment of tumours of the colon and rectum. However, similar to other invasive procedures, it is associated with adverse reactions such as pain and abdominal distension. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proposed as a potential treatment for relieving this discomfort; however, there is limited evidence supporting its efficacy.

Gut bacteria Prevotellaceae related lithocholic acid metabolism promotes colonic inflammation.

Background: The conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids by the gut microbiota has been implicated in colonic inflammation. This study investigated the role of gut microbiota related bile acid metabolism in colonic inflammation in both patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.

Methods: Bile acids in fecal samples from patients with IBD and DSS-induced colitis mice, with and without antibiotic treatment, were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS).

MAPK signaling mediated intestinal inflammation induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and NOD2.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is crucially involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to elucidate how ER stress promotes inflammation in IBD. ER stress marker Grp78 and NOD2 in colon tissues of Crohn's disease (CD) patients and IBD model mice were detected by immunohistochemical analysis.

Design and validation of a simulation-based training module for ileo-transverse intracorporeal anastomosis.

Background: The benefits of the totally laparoscopic right hemicolectomy have been established, but its adoption has been limited by the challenges of intracorporeal suturing. While simulation is effective for training advanced surgical skills, no dedicated simulation-based course exists for intracorporeal ileo-transverse anastomosis (ICA). This study aimed to develop and validate a simulation module for training in ICA.

Assessing cross-country inequalities in global burden of gastrointestinal cancers: slope and concentration index approach.

Purpose: New cases and deaths of gastrointestinal cancers are predicted to increase significantly by 2040. This study aims to explore cross-country inequalities and trends in global burdens of colon and rectum cancer (CRC), esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were analyzed to examine trends in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for three gastrointestinal cancers with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and Joinpoint analysis.

Transcription factor FOXD1 and miRNA-204-5p play a major role in B4GALNT2 downregulation in colon cancer.

The β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) which synthesizes the histo-blood group antigen Sd is highly expressed by normal colon, but it is dramatically down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). High B4GALNT2 expression in CRC tissues is a marker of longer survival. The molecular bases of B4GALNT2 inhibition in CRC are largely obscure.

[A new nortriterpenoid from mastic].

Ten compounds were separated by various modern chromatographic methods from mastic. They were identified by HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, NMR, quantum chemical calculation of NMR(qcc-NMR) and comparison with reported data in literature as 17β-hydroxy-28-norolean-18-en-3-one(1), 28-norolean-12,17-dien-3,11-dione(2), 28-norolean-16,18-dien-3-one(3),(24Z)-26-hydroxy-7,24-dientirucalla-3-one(4), masticadienonic acid(5)、masticadienolic acid(6)、erythrodiol(7), 3β,28-dihydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-diene(8), 3-oxo-olean-9(11),12-dien-28-oic acid(9), and 12-oleane-3,11-dione(10). Among them, compound 1 was a novel compound and compound 2 was a novel natural product.

Anticancer effect of a single-chain variable fragment against pro-matrix metalloproteinase-7 in colon cancer.

Disrupting the interaction between matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and syndecan-2 (SDC-2) can yield anticancer effects in colon cancer cells. Here, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) targeting the pro-domain of MMP-7 was generated as a potential candidate anticancer agent. Among the generated scFvs, those designated 1B7 and 1C3 showed the strongest abilities to inhibit the ability of MMP-7 pro-domain to directly interact with SDC-2 in vitro and decrease the cancer activities of human HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells.

Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) Systematic Literature Review.

Background: While healthy dietary and lifestyle factors have been individually linked to lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risks, recommendations for whole diet-lifestyle patterns remained unestablished due to limited studies and inconsistent pattern definitions.

Objective: This updated review synthesized literature on dietary-lifestyle patterns and CRC risk/mortality.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched through 31 March 2023 for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies examining adulthood dietary patterns combined with modifiable lifestyle factors such as adiposity, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and/or others.

Alkaloids and Nitrosamines in Betel Quid: A Biochemical Exploration of Carcinogenicity.

Betel quid contains two major ingredients; Areca catechu and Piper betel, often consumed with slaked lime, tobacco, certain flavouring agents, colouring agents, herbs, and spices according to personal preferences. The areca nut alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, and guvacoline), and tobacco alkaloids (nicotine, nor-nicotine) undergo nitrosation during chewing in the oral cavity with the presence of nitrite and thiocyanate and endogenously. Among the nitrosation products generated areca nut-derived nitrosamine (ADNA): 3-(methylnitrosamino) Propionitrile (MNPN) and the two tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs); N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) (NNK) are considered Group 1 human carcinogens.