150 results match your criteria: "Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine[Affiliation]"

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacological aspects of ertugliflozin and its clinical trials, which led to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Data Sources: A MEDLINE/PubMed (May 2013 to October 2018) search was conducted using the following keywords: ertugliflozin, sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, SGLT2 inhibitor, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia. Study Selection and Data Extraction Quantify: We included English-language articles evaluating ertugliflozin pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in humans for blood glucose reduction in human subjects.

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Crosstalks between mTORC1 and mTORC2 variagate cytokine signaling to control NK maturation and effector function.

Nat Commun

November 2018

Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.

The metabolic checkpoint kinase mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates natural killer (NK) cell development and function, but the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show, via conditional deletion of Raptor (mTORC1) or Rictor (mTORC2), that mTORC1 and mTORC2 promote NK cell maturation in a cooperative and non-redundant manner, mainly by controlling the expression of Tbx21 and Eomes. Intriguingly, mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate cytolytic function in an opposing way, exhibiting promoting and inhibitory effects on the anti-tumor ability and metabolism, respectively.

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2018 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy.

Clin Infect Dis

January 2019

Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Center for Evidence-based Practice, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia.

A panel of experts was convened by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) to update the 2004 clinical practice guideline on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) [1]. This guideline is intended to provide insight for healthcare professionals who prescribe and oversee the provision of OPAT. It considers various patient features, infusion catheter issues, monitoring questions, and antimicrobial stewardship concerns.

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Cutaneous Adverse Effects of Diabetes Mellitus Medications and Medical Devices: A Review.

Am J Clin Dermatol

February 2019

Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science and Medicine, University of Arizona Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tucson, 1295 N. Martin, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the USA. If uncontrolled, diabetes can lead to devastating complications. Diabetes medications and medical devices largely contribute to the significant financial expense that the disease inflicts on affected individuals and society.

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Renal Dosing of Antibiotics: Are We Jumping the Gun?

Clin Infect Dis

April 2019

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Antibiotic renal dose adjustments are determined in patients with stable chronic kidney disease and may not translate to patients in late-phase trials and practice. Ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, and telavancin all carry precautionary statements for reduced clinical response in patients with baseline creatinine clearance of 30-50 mL/min, potentially due to unnecessary dose reduction in the setting of acute kidney injury (AKI). In this review, we discuss the regulatory landscape for antibiotics eliminated by the kidney and highlight the importance of the first 48 hours of therapy.

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Risks associated with lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis patients.

Expert Rev Respir Med

November 2018

a Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital , The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus , OH , USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Lung transplantation has lower survival rates compared to other organ transplants, especially for cystic fibrosis patients, where complications are a leading cause of death.
  • Although advancements in surgical techniques and medical management have improved short-term survival, they haven't significantly affected long-term mortality rates.
  • Factors like organ dysfunction, immunosuppression issues, and socioeconomic barriers are critical to understand for improving treatment strategies and long-term outcomes in cystic fibrosis patients post-transplant.
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Slow-Binding Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shikimate Kinase by Manzamine Alkaloids.

Biochemistry

August 2018

Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy , Auburn University, 4306 Walker Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States.

Tuberculosis represents a significant public health crisis. There is an urgent need for novel molecular scaffolds against this pathogen. We screened a small library of marine-derived compounds against shikimate kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MtSK), a promising target for antitubercular drug development.

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Confidence in skills applied to patient care among PharmD students in telehealth medication management programs versus other settings.

Curr Pharm Teach Learn

May 2018

Institute of Therapeutic Innovations and Outcomes, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States. Electronic address:

Introduction: Exposure to medication therapy management (MTM) courses has demonstrated to increase student pharmacist's confidence in the application of patient care skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of student pharmacists' work experience in a telehealth MTM program, versus hospital or community settings, on their confidence in skills applied in patient care.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicenter survey.

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The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held a public meeting and scientific workshop in September 2016 to obtain perspectives from solid organ transplant recipients, family caregivers, and other patient representatives. The morning sessions focused on the impact of organ transplantation on patients' daily lives and the spectrum of activities undertaken to maintain grafts. Participants described the physical, emotional, and social impacts of their transplant on daily life.

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Considerations for effect site pharmacokinetics to estimate drug exposure: concentrations of antibiotics in the lung.

Curr Opin Pharmacol

October 2017

Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and microdialysis are leading methods for measuring how much antibiotics reach the lungs, especially in pneumonia treatment.
  • Understanding the amount of drug at the infection site is crucial for ensuring that the right dosages lead to effective clinical outcomes for different types of pneumonia.
  • Despite limited studies on the intrapulmonary effects of antibiotics, newer technologies like MALDI-MSI and PET imaging could improve future research and the antibiotic development process for pneumonia.
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Whole Transcriptome Profiling: An RNA-Seq Primer and Implications for Pharmacogenomics Research.

Clin Transl Sci

March 2018

Center for Pharmacogenomics & Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

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Background: Lots of trials demonstrate that second-generation drug-eluting stents (G2-DES), with their improved properties, offer significantly superior efficacy and safety profiles compared to first generation DES (G1-DES) for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to verify the advantage of G2-DES over G1-DES in Chinese patients with stable CAD (SCAD).

Methods: For this retrospective observational analysis, 2709 SCAD patients with either G1-DES (n = 863) or G2-DES (n = 1846) were enrolled consecutively throughout 2013.

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Efficacy and safety of twice- vs once-daily dosing of lisinopril for hypertension.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)

September 2017

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

This retrospective cohort study compared administration of lisinopril twice daily and once daily for hypertension. Data were collected from an ambulatory electronic health record between 2011 and 2014. Patients previously receiving lisinopril 20 mg were placed into the once-daily cohort if changed to 40 mg once daily or into the twice-daily cohort if changed to 20 mg twice daily.

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Presence of arachidonoyl-carnitine is associated with adverse cardiometabolic responses in hypertensive patients treated with atenolol.

Metabolomics

October 2016

Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA.

Introduction: Atenolol, a commonly prescribed β blocker for hypertension, is also associated with adverse cardiometabolic effects such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Knowledge of the mechanistic underpinnings of these adverse effects of atenolol is incomplete.

Objective: We sought to identify biomarkers associated with risk for these untoward effects of atenolol.

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Background: The effect of pretransplant transfusion of red blood cells on survival after lung transplantation (LTx) has not been studied.

Methods: The UNOS database was queried from 2005 to 2013 to compare survival in recipients receiving a transfusion while on the LTx wait list.

Results: Of 12 283 adult patients undergoing single or bilateral LTx from May 2005 onwards, 11 801 met inclusion criteria, among whom 512 required transfusion while on the LTx wait list.

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Growing evidence has demonstrated that maternal detrimental factors, including inflammation, contribute to the development of hypertension in the offspring. The current study found that offspring subjected to prenatal exposure of inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge during the second semester showed significantly increased systolic blood pressure. In addition, these offspring also displayed augmented vascular damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in thoracic aortas when challenged with deoxycorticosterone acetate and high-salt diet (DOCA-salt).

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Background: Studies have shown associations between Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and non-antimicrobial medications including proton pump inhibitors, osteoporosis medications, and antidepressants.

Objectives: Our primary objective was to evaluate oral bisphosphonates and reported CDI adverse drug reactions in the United States using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System data (FAERS).

Methods: We performed a disproportionality analysis evaluating the proportion of reports with bisphosphonates and CDI compared with other adverse drug reactions in the database.

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Aims: Many patients with heart failure and reduced EF remain at high risk for hospitalization despite evidence-based therapy. Digoxin may decrease hospitalization; however, uncertainty persists concerning its proper administration and effect on mortality. This study investigated whether using dose response concepts to re-evaluate the relationship between serum digoxin concentration and key mortality outcomes in patients with reduced EF in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial would help clarify efficacy and safety.

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Background: Research on induction immunosuppression in patients undergoing combined heart-lung transplantation (HLTx) is limited.

Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried from 2000 to 2013 to examine the influence of induction immunosuppression for combined HLTx in adult (≥18 years) and adolescent (≥12 and <18 years) recipients.

Results: Of 394 eligible combined HLTx cases (361 adults, 33 adolescents), 384 were included in univariate Cox analysis and 116 in the multivariate Cox model.

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Maternal inflammation contributes to the increased incidence of adult cardiovascular disease. The current study investigated the susceptibility of cardiac damage responding to isoproterenol (ISO) in adult offspring that underwent maternal inflammation (modeled by pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenge). We found that 2 weeks of ISO treatment in adult offspring of LPS-treated mothers led to augmented heart damage, characterized by left-ventricular systolic dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis.

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Prenatal exposure to an inflammatory stimulus has been shown to cause renal damage in offspring. Our present study explored the role of intra-renal NF-κB activation in the development of progressive renal fibrosis in offspring that underwent prenatal exposure to an inflammatory stimulus. Time-dated pregnant rats were treated with saline (control group) or 0.

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Studies involving the use of prenatally programmed hypertension have been shown to potentially contribute to prevention of essential hypertension (EH). Our previous research has demonstrated that prenatal inflammatory stimulation leads to offspring's aortic dysfunction and hypertension in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The present study found that prenatal LPS exposure led to NF-κB dyshomeostasis from fetus to adult, which was characterized by PI3K-Akt activation mediated degradation of IκBα protein and impaired NF-κB self-negative feedback loop mediated less newly synthesis of IκBα mRNA in thoracic aortas (gestational day 20, postnatal week 7 and 16).

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common blood-borne infection in the United States. The high morbidity and mortality due to untreated infection have prompted updated screening recommendations that now include one-time HCV screening for all patients born between 1945 and 1965, in addition to risk factor-based screening. Current guidelines recommend treatment for all patients with chronic HCV.

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Morphine and sildenafil are commercially available at high concentrations which may lead to errors in measuring small volumes to provide low doses needed in infants. The purpose of this study was to assess the stability of morphine sulfate and sildenafil citrate in extemporaneously prepared suspensions for oral use. Morphine (0.

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