Annealing Study on Praseodymium-Doped Indium Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors and Fabrication of Flexible Devices.

The praseodymium-doped indium zinc oxide (PrIZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) is promising for applications in flat-panel displays, due to its high carrier mobility and stability. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the mechanism of annealing on PrIZO films and the fabrication of flexible devices. In this work, we first optimized the annealing-process parameters on the glass substrate.

Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating Plasma Cells Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Multiple Myeloma Monitoring.

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite therapeutic advancements, there remains a critical need for reliable, noninvasive methods to monitor multiple myeloma. Circulating plasma cells (CPCs) in peripheral blood are robust and independent prognostic markers, but their detection is challenging due to their low abundance.

Controllable Nano-Crystallization in Fluoroborosilicate Glass Ceramics for Broadband Visible Photoluminescence.

A transparent fluoroborosilicate glass ceramic was designed for the controllable precipitation of fluoride nanocrystals and to greatly enhance the photoluminescence of active ions. Through the introduction of BO into fluorosilicate glass, the melting temperature was decreased from 1400 to 1050 °C, and the abnormal crystallization in the fabrication process of fluorosilicate glass was avoided. More importantly, the controlled crystallizations of KZnF and KYbF in fluoroborosilicate glass ceramics enhanced the emission of Mn and Mn-Yb dimers by 6.

Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications.

Fluorescent carbon dots, especially red/near-infrared-emitting CDs, are becoming increasingly important in the field of biomedicine. This article reviews the synthesis, fluorescence mechanisms, and biological applications of R/NIR-CDs, emphasizing the importance of carbon source and solvent selection in controlling their optical properties. The formation process of CDs is classified, and the fluorescence mechanisms of CDs are summarized, involving carbon core states, surface states, molecular states, and cross-linking enhanced emission effects.

Wearable Sensors for Plants: Status and Prospects.

The increasing demand for smart agriculture has led to the development of agricultural sensor technology. Wearable sensors show great potential for monitoring the physiological and surrounding environmental information for plants due to their high flexibility, biocompatibility, and scalability. However, wearable sensors for plants face several challenges that hinder their large-scale practical application.

Rapid Acquisition of High-Pixel Fluorescence Lifetime Images of Living Cells via Image Reconstruction Based on Edge-Preserving Interpolation.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) has established itself as a pivotal tool for investigating biological processes within living cells. However, the extensive imaging duration necessary to accumulate sufficient photons for accurate fluorescence lifetime calculations poses a significant obstacle to achieving high-resolution monitoring of cellular dynamics. In this study, we introduce an image reconstruction method based on the edge-preserving interpolation method (EPIM), which transforms rapidly acquired low-resolution FLIM data into high-pixel images, thereby eliminating the need for extended acquisition times.

First-principles predictions of two-dimensional Ce-based ferromagnetic semiconductors: CeF and CeFCl monolayers.

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductors hold great promise for the next generation spintronics devices. By performing density functional theory first-principles calculations, both CeF and CeFCl monolayers are studied, our calculation results show that CeF is a FM semiconductor with sizable magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) and high Curie temperature (290 K), but a smaller band gap and thermal instability indicate that it is not applicable at higher temperature. Its isoelectronic analogue, the CeFCl monolayer, is a bipolar FM semiconductor, its dynamics, elastic, and thermal stability are confirmed, our results demonstrate promising applications of the CeFCl monolayer for next-generation spintronic devices owing to its high Curie temperature (200 K), stable semiconducting features, and stability.

Deep learning model targeting cancer surrounding tissues for accurate cancer diagnosis based on histopathological images.

Accurate and fast histological diagnosis of cancers is crucial for successful treatment. The deep learning-based approaches have assisted pathologists in efficient cancer diagnosis. The remodeled microenvironment and field cancerization may enable the cancer-specific features in the image of non-cancer regions surrounding cancer, which may provide additional information not available in the cancer region to improve cancer diagnosis.

Boosting Multicolor Emission Enhancement in Two-Dimensional Covalent-Organic Frameworks via the Pressure-Tuned π-π Stacking Mode.

Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are dynamic covalent porous organic materials constructed from emissive molecular organic building blocks. However, most two-dimensional (2D) COFs are nonemissive or weakly emissive in the solid state owing to the intramolecular rotation and vibration together with strong π-π interactions. Herein, we report a pressure strategy to achieve the bright multicolor emission from yellow to red in the 2D triazine triphenyl imine COF (TTI-COF).

Effect of Fabricating Process on the Performance of Two-Dimensional p-Type WSe Field Effect Transistors.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as WSe, are promising candidates for next-generation integrated circuits. However, the dependence of intrinsic properties of TMD devices on various processing steps remains largely unexplored. Here, using pristine p-type WSe devices as references, we comprehensively studied the influence of each step in traditional nanofabrication methods on device performance.

Why SbSe/CdS Interface Produces Higher Power Conversion Efficiency.

Developing the Cd-free electron transport layer (ETL) is a crucial subject in the field of antimony selenide (SbSe) solar cells. At present, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Cd-free SbSe solar cell is still substantially lower than that of CdS-based devices. It is significant to reveal the electron transfer features in SbSe/CdS heterojunction and SbSe/Cd-free ETL heterojunction for development of a Cd-free SbSe solar cell with high PCE.

Multifunctional Artificial Electric Synapse of MoSe-Based Memristor toward Neuromorphic Application.

Research on memristive devices to seamlessly integrate and replicate the dynamic behaviors of biological synapses will illuminate the mechanisms underlying parallel processing and information storage in the human brain, thereby affording novel insights for the advancement of artificial intelligence. Here, an artificial electric synapse is demonstrated on a one-step Mo-selenized MoSe memristor, having not only long-term stable resistive switching characteristics (reset 0.51 ± 0.

Spreading dynamics of information on online social networks.

Social media is profoundly changing our society with its unprecedented spreading power. Due to the complexity of human behaviors and the diversity of massive messages, the information-spreading dynamics are complicated, and the reported mechanisms are different and even controversial. Based on data from mainstream social media platforms, including WeChat, Weibo, and Twitter, cumulatively encompassing a total of 7.

SnHPO: A Layered Tin(II) Phosphate with Enhanced Birefringence.

As promising optoelectronic functional materials in the short-wavelength spectral region, such as ultraviolet (UV) and deep UV, phosphates have recently received increased attention. However, phosphate materials commonly suffer from limited birefringence owing to the highly symmetrical PO tetrahedra. We herein report a layered tin(II) phosphate with improved birefringence.

Thermal management broadband-emitting device based on VO applied in the mid-infrared band.

Mid-infrared thermal radiation has attracted attention due to its wide range of applications. Compared to the static process of thermal emission, if thermal radiation can be dynamically controlled, it would be more suitable for practical applications. Herein, we designed a controllable thermal emitter based on phase change materials.

Unravelling the pH-dependent mechanism of ferroelectric polarization on different dynamic pathways of photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Ferroelectric polarization is considered to be an effective strategy to improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of photoelectrocatalysis. The primary challenge is to clarify how the polarization field controls the OER dynamic pathway at a molecular level. Here, electrochemical fingerprint tests were used, together with theoretical calculations, to systematically investigate the free energy change in oxo and hydroxyl intermediates on TiO-BaTiO core-shell nanowires (BTO@TiO) upon polarization in different pH environments.

Aggregate global features into separable hierarchical lane detection transformer.

Lane detection is one of the key functions to ensure the safe driving of autonomous vehicles, and it is a challenging task. In real driving scenarios, external factors inevitably interfere with the lane detection system, such as missing lane markings, harsh weather conditions, and vehicle occlusion. To enhance the accuracy and detection speed of lane detection in complex road environments, this paper proposes an end-to-end lane detection model with a pure Transformer architecture, which exhibits excellent detection performance in complex road scenes.

Mixed ion/electron-conducting rivets patterned Li metal anodes for high-performance Li metal batteries.

Lithium (Li) metal is considered to be one of the most promising anodes for next-generation high-energy-density batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. However, the practical application of Li metal anodes has been hindered by the unstable interface and the growth of Li dendrites. Herein, a highly stable surface-patterned Li metal anode has been developed, in which composite nanowires composed of lithium phosphide and copper nanoparticles are riveted within the regular grooves of the Li metal surface.

Integration of platinum nanoparticles and Pd-porphyrin photosensitiser into a metal-organic framework for effective photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

A significant enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is achieved by expanding the visible-light response range through the strategic incorporation of functional groups, such as metalloporphyrins. Herein, Pd-metalised tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (PdTCPP) photosensitiser is integrated into the UiO-66-(NH) framework, creating the hybrid material PdTCPP ⊂ UiO-66-(NH) using a facile mixed-ligand strategy. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) are subsequently introduced as a co-catalyst via in situ photoreduction, resulting in the formation of the Pt/PdTCPP ⊂ UiO-66-(NH) hybrid material, which demonstrates exceptional catalytic performance under visible-light irradiation.

Construct ZnSeTe/ZnTe Nanostructures with the Tunable Emission from 450 to 760 nm.

Developing heavy-metal-free materials with wide tunable emission is important to light-emitters. The alloying method is utilized in ZnSe magic size clusters (MSCs) with Te to form ZnSeTe and manipulate the band gap structure in ZnSe. The growth of ZnTe on alloyed ZnSeTe quantum dots (QDs) forms ZnSeTe/ZnTe core/shell nanostructures, showing the tunable photoluminescence emission peak from 450 to 760 nm with the different thicknesses of ZnTe shell.

Whispering-gallery mode sensor based on coupling of tapered two-mode fiber and glass capillary.

A novel whispering-gallery mode (WGM) sensor is fabricated by coupling a tapered two-mode fiber and a glass capillary. By utilizing the relatively large orifice of glass capillaries, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and magnetic fluid are directly injected into two WGM structured glass capillaries, respectively, allowing these materials to substantially interact with the light field of the WGM, thereby achieving temperature, pressure, and magnetic field measurements. λ1 and λ2 are the two resonant peak wavelengths of the WGM after injecting PDMS into a glass capillary.

The BeP monolayer exhibits ultra-high and highly anisotropic carrier mobility and 29.3% photovoltaic efficiency.

Two-dimensional materials with a combination of a moderate bandgap, highly anisotropic carrier mobility, and a planar structure are highly desirable for nanoelectronic devices. This study predicts a planar BeP monolayer with hexagonal symmetry that meets the aforementioned desirable criteria using the CALYPSO method and first-principles calculations. Calculations of electronic properties demonstrate that the hexagonal BeP monolayer is an intrinsic semiconductor with a direct band gap of approximately 0.

2D Perovskite Heterojunction-Based Self-Powered Polarized Photodetectors with Controllable Polarization Ratio Enabled by Ferro-Pyro-Phototronic Effect.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are commonly used in polarization-sensitive photodetectors (PDs) for applications such as polarization imaging, remote sensing, and optical communication. Although various methods exist to adjust the polarization-sensitive photocurrent, a universal and effective approach for continuous control of MHPs' optoelectronic and polarized properties is lacking. A universal strategy to electrically modulate the polarization ratio (PR) of self-powered polarized PDs using the ferro-pyro-phototronic effect (FPPE) in 2D perovskites is presented.

Auto-collimation diffraction of two-dimensional metal-dielectric grating with azimuth angle of 45°.

Grating under auto-collimation configuration with polarization-independent high diffraction efficiency plays an important role in the displacement measurement system, spectral beam combining system and so on. In this paper, we proposed, for the first time, a reflective two-dimensional metal-dielectric grating of which the (-1, -1) order beam is diffracted back along the input light direction, when the incident azimuth angle is 45°. With optimized structure, the (-1, -1) order diffraction efficiencies of transverse electric polarization (TE) and transverse magnetic polarization (TM) are 95.

Measuring high-efficiency perfect composite vortex beams with reflective metasurfaces in microwave band.

Optical vortex beams carrying orbit angular momentum have attracted significant attention recently. Perfect vortex beams, characterized by their topological charge-independent intensity profile, have important applications in enhancing communication capacity and optimizing particle manipulation. In this paper, metal-insulator-metal copper-coin type reflective metasurfaces are proposed to generate perfect composite vortex beams in X-band.