LGENet: disentangle anatomy and pathology features for late gadolinium enhancement image segmentation.

Myocardium scar segmentation is essential for clinical diagnosis and prognosis for cardiac vascular diseases. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging technology has been widely utilized to visualize left atrial and ventricular scars. However, automatic scar segmentation remains challenging due to the imbalance between scar and background and the variation in scar sizes.

Recent advances and developments in solar-driven photothermal catalytic CO reduction into multicarbon (C) products.

Solar-driven catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added C chemicals and fuels has attracted significant attention over the past decades, propelled by urgent environmental and energy demands. However, the catalytic reduction of CO continues to face significant challenges due to inherently slow reduction kinetics. This review traces the historical development and current state of photothermal CO reduction, detailing the mechanisms by which CO is transformed into C products.

[Research Progress in Applying Hyperpolarized C Labeling Technology in Neurological Metabolic Diagnostics].

By using hyperpolarized C labeling technology, the magnetic resonance signals of C-labeled metabolic substrates are enhanced, which enables the monitoring of their metabolic states through magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Compared with traditional non-invasive metabolic diagnostic technologies, hyperpolarized C technology exhibits a number of strengths, including real-time monitoring, high precision, non-invasiveness, the absence of radiation, and the ability to assess a broader range of metabolic pathways, showing great potential for application in the treatment of glioma, stroke, Alzheimer disease, and cerebral injury. Following the approval of [1-C]-pyruvate for clinical trials by U.

Unveiling the photophysical mechanisms in low-dimensional Zn/Cu-based metal halides.

The intriguing photophysical mechanisms of low-dimensional metal-halide hybrids are still elusive. This study investigates the optical properties and photophysical mechanisms of (CHN)ZnBr and (CHN)CuBr crystals. The former shows variable emission due to π-conjugation and intramolecular halogen-hydrogen bonds, while the latter exhibits a broad, temperature-sensitive emission from self-trapped excitons.

An ensemble deep learning framework for multi-class LncRNA subcellular localization with innovative encoding strategy.

Background: Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) play pivotal roles in various cellular processes, and elucidating their subcellular localization can offer crucial insights into their functional significance. Accurate prediction of lncRNA subcellular localization is of paramount importance. Despite numerous computational methods developed for this purpose, existing approaches still encounter challenges stemming from the complexity of data representation and the difficulty in capturing nucleotide distribution information within sequences.

High-Q Resonance Engineering in Momentum Space for Highly Coherent and Rainbow-Free Thermal Emission.

Thermal emission from blackbody is typically incoherent and broadband. Achieving highly coherent thermal source while eliminating the rainbow effect has been remaining a challenging task. In our study, we utilize the isolated nature of bound states in the continuum (BICs) at the Γ point to achieve thermal emission with high temporal and spatial coherence.

Cooling-induced Strains in 2D Materials and Their Modulation via Interface Engineering.

2D materials exhibit unique properties for next-generation electronics and quantum devices. However, their sensitivity to temperature variations, particularly concerning cooling-induced strain, remains underexplored systematically. This study investigates the effects of cooling-induced strain on monolayer MoSe at cryogenic temperatures.

Boosting arsenic removal with metastable Fe/Mn redox process in MnFeO/rGO composites for high capacity and stability.

Fe-Mn oxides exhibit significant potential in the application of chemical and electrochemical remediation of groundwater arsenic contamination. However, the mechanism controlling the equilibrium between chemisorption inhibition and capacitive adsorption enhancement at ferromanganese oxide electrodes is unclear, posing significant challenges to achieving both electrochemical arsenic removal efficiency and cycle stability. Here, we introduce for the first time a defect engineering strategy to synthesize defect-rich, reduced graphene oxide-anchored MnFeO composites (MnFeO/rGO).

Cost-effective, label-free electrochemical aptasensors for rapid detection of concanavalin A with screen printed electrodes.

Intake of Concanavalin A (Con A), a hazardous lectin protein commonly discovered in legume vegetables, could cause various systemic symptoms including rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. Herein, we present a novel label-free and cost-effective electrochemical Con A aptasensor. [Fe(CN)] ions in testing buffer not only generate redox peaks during electrochemical scan, but also serve as electron acceptor/donor to enhance electron transfer.

Multilevel, solar-blind, and thermostable physical unclonable functions based on host-sensitized luminescence of β-GaO:Dy .

Optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are powerful tools to combat counterfeiting, owing to their unpredictable preparation processes and unique, identifiable information content. Achieving high entropy and robustness in optical PUFs is essential for practical applications but remains challenging. This study demonstrates a multilevel, solar-blind, and thermostable PUF based on host-sensitized luminescence of trivalent dysprosium (Dy) in β-phase gallium oxide (β-GaO).

In-depth electronic behavior of pentagraphene and pentagonal silicene sheets for DNA nucleobase detection: implications for genetic biomarker sensing.

Silicon-based chemical sensors are optimal for detecting biological entities due to their fast response, biocompatibility, and non-invasive nature. In this work, we proposed pristine and metal [gold (Au) and tungsten (W)]-doped pentagonal silicene (p-Si) and pentagraphene (PG) as materials for single DNA nucleobase sensors. Using first-principles calculations, we presented a comparative study of DNA nucleobases-adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T)-adsorbed on pristine and metal-doped PG and p-Si to determine their potential as nucleobase detectors or for detecting other chemical species.

Localizing axial dense emitters based on single-helix point spread function and compressed sensing.

Among the approaches in three-dimensional (3D) single molecule localization microscopy, there are several point spread function (PSF) engineering approaches, in which depth information of molecules is encoded in 2D images. Usually, the molecules are excited sparsely in each raw image. The consequence is that the temporal resolution has to be sacrificed.

Artificial intelligence driven Mid-IR photoimaging device based on van der Waals heterojunctions of black phosphorus.

Mid-infrared (Mid-IR) photodetection and imaging are pivotal across diverse applications, including remote sensing, communication, and spectral analysis. Among these, single-pixel imaging technology is distinguished by its exceptional sensitivity, high resolution attainable through the sampling system, and economic efficiency. The quality of single-pixel imaging primarily depends on the performance of the photodetector and the sampling system.

Single cobalt atoms with unconventional dynamic coordination mechanism for selective ammonia sensor.

Developing gas sensors that can simultaneously achieve high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of a single-type gas remains a significant challenge. Herein we demonstrate cobalt (Co) single atoms with an unconventional dynamically changing coordination structure that could be used as NH-sensing material with superior sensitivity and selectivity. According to the steric effect of 2-methylimidazole (2MI) molecules and carbonyl groups on graphene, the Co single atom is evolved into a bidentate coordinated structure (Co-2MI-G).

Wave dispersion in a three-dimensional complex plasma solid under microgravity conditions.

An analysis of lattice wave spectra in a three-dimensional dusty plasma structure formed in a direct current gas discharge with alternating polarity under microgravity conditions is reported. The spectra are determined using the Fourier transform of microparticle velocities, measured by tracking microparticles with subpixel resolution. Both longitudinal and transverse modes are detected and analyzed.

Strain on the upper surface of a perpendicularly peeled soft film.

Soft films serve as the primary support materials for flexible devices. These films are frequently peeled perpendicularly during device preparation and application, resulting in large compression on the upper surface of the bending region and significant damage to the device's performance. Accurately assessing this damage is challenging because of the difficulties in calculating the compression in perpendicularly peeled large-deformation films.

Multi-cation synergy improves crystallization and antioxidation of CsSnBrfor lead-free perovskite light-emitting diodes.

Tin (Sn) perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives to address the toxicity concerns associated with lead-based (Pb) perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the inherent oxidation of Sn perovskite films leads to a serious efficiency roll-off in PeLEDs at increased current densities. Although three-dimensional (3D) CsSnBrperovskites exhibit decent carrier mobilities and thermal stability, their rapid crystallization during solution processing results in inadequate surface coverage.

Structure-Dependent Nonlinear Optical Effects in Spiral WS Nanosheets.

Spiral transition-metal dichalcogenides with broken crystal inversion symmetry and significant second-order nonlinear responses have shown great promise for further nonlinear optical applications. However, various spiral structures will be formed during their synthesis process, their second harmonic generation (SHG) varying with the layer thickness and which of them manifesting the most promising SHG response are still unresolved. Here, the layer-dependent SHG response is investigated for four representative spiral WS with different screw and twist angles, including aligned- and twisted-triangular spiral structures, aligned- and twisted-hexagonal spiral structures, respectively.

Regulating Na/Mn Antisite Defects and Reactivating Anomalous Jahn-Teller Behavior for NaFeMn(PO)(PO) Cathode Material with Superior Performance.

NaFeMn(PO)(PO) is considered a promising candidate for commercial-scale applications due to its significantly improved energy density compared to NaFe(PO)(PO). However, challenges such as intractable impurities, voltage hysteresis/decay, and sluggish Na kinetics hinder their practical application. In this study, failure mechanisms of NaFeMn(PO)(PO) are intensively investigated and demystified.

Waveguide-integrated spatial mode filters with PtSe nanoribbons.

Low-dimensional material-based heterogeneous silicon photonics has attracted significant attention due to their applications in developing integrated optoelectronic devices from the telecommunication band to mid-infrared wavelengths. However, the study of waveguide components integrated with low-dimensional materials for mode-division multiplexing (MDM) applications mostly remains in its infancy. In this paper, we demonstrated waveguide-integrated spatial mode filters by integrating subtly designed ten-layer PtSe nanoribbons on an ultrathin silicon waveguide with a deep-subwavelength thickness to eliminate modal crosstalk.

Carrier recombination dynamics in [MAPbCl][CsPbBr] shell-passivated CsPbBr single crystals.

As one of the commonly used methods for surface passivation of semiconductors, a heterostructure method was developed in this work to passivate surface traps of CsPbBr single crystals (SCs), and further, this method was correlated with carrier recombination processes. Herein, carrier recombination processes in bare and [MAPbCl][CsPbBr]-covered CsPbBr SCs were studied using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, including steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy and time-resolved microwave photoconductivity (TRMC). By comparing the kinetics of TRPL and TRMC, we concluded that surface hole-trapping process dominates the TRPL kinetics of bare CsPbBr SCs and surface electron-trapping process dominates the slower decay component in TRMC.

Ultrafast Investigation of the Strong Coupling System between Square Ag Nanohole Array and Monolayer WS.

Recent advancements in the study of light-matter interactions between optical cavities and two-dimensional materials have underscored the significance of strong coupling phenomena, facilitating innovative developments in optical devices and quantum information processing. In this study, we explored the interaction between Bloch-surface plasmon polaritons from a square Ag nanohole array and A exciton of monolayer WS, demonstrating a significant Rabi splitting of 74 meV via angle-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. By analyzing the damping process of the upper and lower branches, we observe that the lower branch decays significantly faster than the upper branch.

Tuning polariton hybridization in hyperbolic hetero-bicrystals by twist angle engineering.

Phonon polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles that enable confinement and control of electromagnetic modes at the nanoscale. Particular interest has been paid to hetero-bicrystals composed of molybdenum oxide (α-MoO) and isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), which feature polariton dispersion tailorable the spectral gap originating from polariton hybridization. In this work, we propose unexplored hetero-crystals assembled from Ca-intercalated metal oxide α'-(Ca)VO and α-MoO, allowing the polaritons to travel along closed trajectories inside the bicrystal within the spectral gap.

1D Magnetic Topological Inorganic Electrides.

Inorganic electrides, which are characterized by the presence of interstitial anionic electrons (IAEs) within distinct geometric cavities, exhibit unique properties and have garnered significant attention in various fields. Nevertheless, inorganic electrides face significant challenges in terms of their stability and magnetic topological states. To address these issues, a combination of high-throughput screening, first-principles calculations, and experimental synthesis is used to identify a series of stable 1D magnetic topological inorganic electrides with diverse properties and applications.