Ritonavir may prolong sedation but is unlikely to increase the risk of respiratory arrest in patients requiring intravenous midazolam for procedural sedation.

Intravenous midazolam is frequently used for procedural sedation. Use of ritonavir containing antivirals in patients requiring procedural sedation with intravenous midazolam is postulated to increase the risk or prolong the consequences of exposure related adverse events. The primary objective of this study was to characterize interaction of ritonavir with IV midazolam.

Results of an Australian trial of an automated insulin delivery (AID) system and other studies support likely benefit of AID use for many Australian adults with type 1 diabetes.

Less than 20% of Australians with type 1 diabetes (T1D) meet recommended glucose targets. Technology use is associated with better glycaemia, with the most advanced being automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, which are now recommended as gold-standard T1D care. Our Australian AID trial shows a wide spectrum of adults with T1D can achieve recommended targets.

Overall satisfaction following laparoscopic fundoplication for patients with atypical extraesophageal symptoms: A comparative cohort study.

Background: Some patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) experience extraesophageal symptoms, which are considered due to laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Most studies evaluating fundoplication for LPR report outcomes from individuals who also have typical esophageal GERD symptoms. Information is limited for patients with LPR but no GERD symptoms.

Diseases Caused by and Behaviors Associated with Infection.

is an Apicomplexan parasite that is estimated to infect at least one-third of the global human population. infection may be transmitted horizontally or vertically. The main risk factors for transmission to humans are related to diet, especially the consumption of undercooked meat, along with soil contact.

Cannabinoids as Antibacterial Agents: A Systematic and Critical Review of In Vitro Efficacy Against and .

Background: Two major bacterial pathogens, and , are becoming increasingly antibiotic-resistant. Despite the urgency, only a few new antibiotics have been approved to address these infections. Although cannabinoids have been noted for their antibacterial properties, a comprehensive review of their effects on these bacteria has been lacking.

The effect of immobilisation strategies on the ability of peptoids to reduce the adhesion of P. aeruginosa strains to contact lenses.

Aim: Previous studies have demonstrated that contact lenses coated with the antimicrobial cationic peptide Mel4, a derivative of melimine, can reduce the occurrence of keratitis. However, the antimicrobial activity of Mel4 weakened over time due to its susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. Oligo-N-substituted glycine peptoids such as TM5 and TM18 possess antimicrobial properties and are resistant to proteolytic breakdown.

Predictive Power of Polygenic Risk Scores for Intraocular Pressure or Vertical Cup-Disc Ratio.

Importance: Early detection of glaucoma is essential to timely monitoring and treatment, and primary open-angle glaucoma risk can be assessed by measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) or optic nerve head vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) could provide a link between genetic effects estimated from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and clinical applications to provide estimates of an individual's genetic risk by combining many identified variants into a score.

Objective: To construct IOP and VCDR PRSs with clinically relevant predictive power.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in People With Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Cancer can be a source of significant psychological and physical stress. Prolonged stressful stimuli can influence the stress response, mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, there is limited literature investigating HPA axis function in patients with cancer.

Work-related impacts on doctors' mental health: a qualitative study exploring organisational and systems-level risk factors.

Background: Protecting doctors' mental health has typically focused on individuals, rather than addressing organisational and structural-level factors in the work environment.

Objectives: This study uses the socioecological model (SEM) to illuminate and explore how these broader factors inform the mental health of individual doctors.

Design: Semi-structured interviews (20-25 hours) and ethnographic observations (90 hours) involving work shadowing doctors (n=14).

Genitourethral foreign bodies: 20-year experience and outcomes from a single center.

The presentation of a foreign body in the lower urinary tract is a challenging urological emergency with highly variable management approaches. A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to identify the patients who presented with self-inserted genitourethral foreign body to adult tertiary centers within our local health network (Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia) from October 2002 to October 2022. Patient demographics, type of foreign body, psychiatric comorbidities, retrieval techniques, complications, and readmission data were extracted.

Unlocking the secrets of trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists: new horizon in neuropsychiatric treatment.

For over seven decades, dopamine receptor 2 (D receptor) antagonists remained the mainstay treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. Although it is effective for treating hyperdopaminergic symptoms, it is often ineffective for treating negative and cognitive deficits. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a novel, pharmacological target in the treatment of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric conditions.

Who stays? Australian alcohol and other drug work and worker characteristics predicting regional, rural and remote job retention.

Introduction: The Australian alcohol and other drug (AOD) regional, rural and remote (RRR) workforce experiences chronic workforce retention challenges. However, little is known about the characteristics of RRR AOD workers nationally, or factors associated with retention.

Objective: To examine the personal and professional characteristics of RRR AOD workers and identify factors that predict intent to remain in the workforce.

Vascular endothelial growth factor in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is linked to inflammation and angiogenesis, indicating a possible role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its main clinical manifestations, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated studies assessing circulating VEGF concentrations in IBD patients and healthy controls, considering the effect of IBD type, sample type and geographical location.

Methods: A systematic search identified 18 studies (28 group comparators) investigating 1741 IBD patients and 1291 controls.

Opportunistic post mortem scavenging by the terrestrial flatworm Platydemus manokwari.

Post mortem damage by predators varies with geography, climate, and location of cadavers. Frequently encountered facultatively parasitic terrestrial organisms include fly larvae (maggots), ants and beetles. This report describes for the first time opportunistic post mortem damage caused by the terrestrial flatworm Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp,1963 (New Guinea Flatworm) (phylum Platyhelminthes: order Tricladida: suborder Continenticola: family Geoplanidae) to exposed skin of a body located in a tropical urban location.

Outlier ophthalmologists in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with intravitreal therapy.

Background: To compare individual ophthalmologists grouped as outliers or non-outliers based on the mean 12-month visual acuity (VA) outcomes for their patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: This prospectively designed database study included treatment-naïve eyes with nAMD starting vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors between July 2018 and April 2023 in Australia. Ophthalmologists were classified into high outliers, non-outliers and low outliers with a funnel plot of the adjusted mean 12-month VA change.