Imaging the nonreactive collisional quenching dynamics of NO (AΣ) radicals with O (XΣ ).

Nitric oxide (NO) radicals are ubiquitous chemical intermediates present in the atmosphere and in combustion processes, where laser-induced fluorescence is extensively used on the NO (AΣ ← XΠ) band to report on fuel-burning properties. However, accurate fluorescence quantum yields and NO concentration measurements are impeded by electronic quenching of NO (AΣ) to NO (XΠ) with colliding atomic and molecular species. To improve predictive combustion models and develop a molecular-level understanding of NO (AΣ) quenching, we report the velocity map ion images and product state distributions of NO (XΠ, v″ = 0, J″, F, Λ) following nonreactive collisional quenching of NO (AΣ) with molecular oxygen, O (XΣ ).

Germline Maintenance Through the Multifaceted Activities of GLH/Vasa in P Granules.

Vasa homologs are ATP-dependent DEAD-box helicases, multipotency factors, and critical components that specify and protect the germline. They regulate translation, amplify piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and act as RNA solvents; however, the limited availability of mutagenesis-derived alleles and their wide range of phenotypes have complicated their analysis. Now, with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9), these limitations can be mitigated to determine why protein domains have been lost or retained throughout evolution.

Fluorescence Quenching of Carbonyl-Twisted 5Acyl-1-dimethylaminonaphthalenes by Alcohols.

Derivatives of 1-dimethylamino-5-propionylnaphthalene that constrain the carbonyl group into a five-, six-, and seven-membered ring were prepared, and their fluorescence quenching in protic solvents was studied. Evidence for enhanced quenching due to carbonyl twisting out of the molecular plane is presented, but this effect is heavily masked by the strong quenching by all of the derivatives and by the ring size-dependent deactivation seen in polar, aprotic solvents. Calculations show strong, ring size-dependent vibrational coupling between the carbonyl group and the naphthalene ring in the first excited state.

Quark-Mass Dependence of Elastic πK Scattering from QCD.

We present a determination of the isospin-1/2 elastic πK scattering amplitudes in S and P partial waves using lattice quantum chromodynamics. The amplitudes, constrained for a large number of real-valued energy points, are obtained as a function of light-quark mass, corresponding to four pion masses between 200 and 400 MeV, at a single lattice spacing. Below the first inelastic threshold, the P-wave scattering amplitude is dominated by a single pole singularity that evolves from being a stable bound state at the highest quark mass into a narrow resonance that broadens as the pion and kaon masses are reduced.

First Measurement of Near-Threshold J/ψ Exclusive Photoproduction off the Proton.

We report on the measurement of the γp→J/ψp cross section from E_{γ}=11.8  GeV down to the threshold at 8.2 GeV using a tagged photon beam with the GlueX experiment.

Alkyl Pyridinium Iodocuprate(I) Clusters: Structural Types and Charge Transfer Behavior.

The reaction of copper(I) iodide (CuI) and N-alkyl pyridinium (RPy, R = H, Me, Et, -propyl = Pr, -butyl = Bu, -pentyl = Pn, and -hexyl = Hx) or N-butyl-3-substituted pyridinium (N-Bu-3-PyX, X = I, Br, Cl, CN, and OMe) iodide salts yielded pyridinium iodocuprate(I) salts. Crystal structures of iodocuprate ions coupled with RPy include {CuI } (R = H), {CuI } (R = Me), {CuI } (R = Et), {CuI } (R = Pr), and {CuI } (R = Bu, Pn, Hx). The [N-Bu-3-PyX] ions were typically paired with the 1-D chain {CuI } .

Paravalvular leak closure of acute mitral valve ring dehiscence during mitral valve-in-ring procedure.

The replacement of surgically corrected mitral valves, also known as percutaneous transcatheter repair, is a relatively young field. Even though these procedures are usually successful, they can present significant intraoperative or postoperative challenges. To our knowledge, we present the first case of acute focal dehiscence of mitral ring repair during the mitral valve-in-ring procedure.

Exploring the Structure of the Bound Proton with Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering.

In the past two decades, deeply virtual Compton scattering of electrons has been successfully used to advance our knowledge of the partonic structure of the free proton and investigate correlations between the transverse position and the longitudinal momentum of quarks inside the nucleon. Meanwhile, the structure of bound nucleons in nuclei has been studied in inclusive deep-inelastic lepton scattering experiments off nuclear targets, showing a significant difference in longitudinal momentum distribution of quarks inside the bound nucleon, known as the EMC effect. In this Letter, we report the first beam spin asymmetry (BSA) measurement of exclusive deeply virtual Compton scattering off a proton bound in ^{4}He.

Tests of General Relativity with GW170817.

The recent discovery by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo of a gravitational wave signal from a binary neutron star inspiral has enabled tests of general relativity (GR) with this new type of source. This source, for the first time, permits tests of strong-field dynamics of compact binaries in the presence of matter. In this Letter, we place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime.

Singlet-Triplet Energy Gaps of Organic Biradicals and Polyacenes with Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo.

The energy gap between the lowest-lying singlet and triplet states is an important quantity in chemical photocatalysis, with relevant applications ranging from triplet fusion in optical upconversion to the design of organic light-emitting devices. The prediction of singlet-triplet (ST) gaps is challenging due to the potentially biradical nature of the involved states, combined with the potentially large size of relevant molecules. In this work, we show that phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (ph-AFQMC) can accurately predict ST gaps for chemical systems with singlet states of highly biradical nature, including a set of 13 small molecules and the -, -, and - isomers of benzyne.

Testosterone does not mediate variation in basal metabolic rate and activity in relation to reproductive condition and photoperiod in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus).

The photoperiodic response of many temperate zone rodents, including white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), is a heritable life-history trait with underlying physiological variation. Previous studies of intact male P. leucopus utilized two wild-derived bidirectional selection lines, a short photoperiod responsive (R) line selected for reproductive suppression in short-day conditions (SD) and a nonresponsive (NR) line selected for reproductive maturity in SD.

Combined Effects of Acute Temperature Change and Elevated CO on the Metabolic Rates and Hypoxia Tolerances of Clearnose Skate (), Summer Flounder (), and Thorny Skate ().

Understanding how rising temperatures, ocean acidification, and hypoxia affect the performance of coastal fishes is essential to predicting species-specific responses to climate change. Although a population's habitat influences physiological performance, little work has explicitly examined the multi-stressor responses of species from habitats differing in natural variability. Here, clearnose skate (Rostaraja eglanteria) and summer flounder () from mid-Atlantic estuaries, and thorny skate () from the Gulf of Maine, were acutely exposed to current and projected temperatures (20, 24, or 28 °C; 22 or 30 °C; and 9, 13, or 15 °C, respectively) and acidification conditions (pH 7.

Measurement of the Antineutrino Spectrum from ^{235}U Fission at HFIR with PROSPECT.

This Letter reports the first measurement of the ^{235}U ν[over ¯]_{e} energy spectrum by PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum experiment, operating 7.9 m from the 85  MW_{th} highly enriched uranium (HEU) High Flux Isotope Reactor. With a surface-based, segmented detector, PROSPECT has observed 31678±304(stat) ν[over ¯]_{e}-induced inverse beta decays, the largest sample from HEU fission to date, 99% of which are attributed to ^{235}U.

Acetylation modulates thyroid hormone receptor intracellular localization and intranuclear mobility.

The thyroid hormone receptor (TR) undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, but is primarily nuclear-localized and mediates expression of genes involved in development and homeostasis. Given the proximity of TR acetylation and sumoylation sites to nuclear localization (NLS) and nuclear export signals, we investigated their role in regulating intracellular localization. The nuclear/cytosolic fluorescence ratio (N/C) of fluorescent protein-tagged acetylation mimic, nonacetylation mimic, and sumoylation-deficient TR was quantified in transfected mammalian cells.

Improving Predictions of Salt Marsh Evolution Through Better Integration of Data and Models.

Salt marshes are recognized as valuable resources that are threatened by climate change and human activities. Better management and planning for these ecosystems will depend on understanding which marshes are most vulnerable, what is driving their change, and what their future trajectory is likely to be. Both observations and models have provided inconsistent answers to these questions, likely in part because of comparisons among sites and/or models that differ significantly in their characteristics and processes.

Voter information campaigns and political accountability: Cumulative findings from a preregistered meta-analysis of coordinated trials.

Voters may be unable to hold politicians to account if they lack basic information about their representatives' performance. Civil society groups and international donors therefore advocate using voter information campaigns to improve democratic accountability. Yet, are these campaigns effective? Limited replication, measurement heterogeneity, and publication biases may undermine the reliability of published research.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of a reaction-diffusion model of pollen tube tip growth.

A reaction-diffusion model is proposed to describe the mechanisms underlying the spatial distributions of ROP1 and calcium on the pollen tube tip. The model assumes that the plasma membrane ROP1 activates itself through positive feedback loop, while the cytosolic calcium ions inhibit ROP1 via a negative feedback loop. Furthermore it is proposed that lateral movement of molecules on the plasma membrane are depicted by diffusion.

Enhanced Nitrous Oxide Production in Denitrifying Strain RCB Under Salt or Alkaline Stress Conditions.

Salinity and pH have direct and indirect impacts on the growth and metabolic activities of microorganisms. In this study, the effects of salt and alkaline stresses on the kinetic balance between nitrous oxide (NO) production and consumption in the denitrification pathway of strain RCB were examined. NO accumulated transiently only in insignificant amounts at low salinity (≤0.

Photolytic Aging of Secondary Organic Aerosol: Evidence for a Substantial Photo-Recalcitrant Fraction.

Photolytic aging has been proposed as a major mass loss mechanism for atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, estimated mass loss rates vary by orders of magnitude, and their impacts on modeled SOA loadings and properties are highly uncertain. In this study, photolysis rates and composition changes of α-pinene SOA are analyzed over multiple days in an environmental chamber.

Using a Gratitude Intervention to Improve the Lives of Women With Breast Cancer: A Daily Diary Study.

Gratitude can be understood in two ways: as a state of being grateful for things and people, and as a disposition. Research suggests that focusing on reasons for being grateful promotes various aspects of well-being. The present study examined the effectiveness of a gratitude intervention for women with breast cancer.

The demographic effects of functional traits: an integral projection model approach reveals population-level consequences of reproduction-defence trade-offs.

Quantitatively linking individual variation in functional traits to demography is a necessary step to advance our understanding of trait-based ecological processes. We constructed a population model for Asclepias syriaca to identify how functional traits affect vital rates and population growth and whether trade-offs in chemical defence and demography alter population growth. Plants with higher foliar cardenolides had lower fibre, cellulose and lignin levels, as well as decreased sexual and clonal reproduction.

Analysis of feedforward mechanisms of multiwhisker receptive field generation in a model of the rat barrel cortex.

There is substantial anatomical segregation in the organization of the rodent barrel system - each whisker on the mystacial pad sends input to TC cells within a dedicated thalamic barreloid, which in turn innervates a corresponding cortical barrel, and RS cells within a barrel respond primarily to deflections of the corresponding whisker at the beginning of the dedicated transmission line (the principal whisker, PW). However, it is also well-established that barrel cells exhibit multiwhisker receptive fields (RFs), and display lower amplitude, longer latency responses to deflections of non-PWs (or adjacent whiskers, AWs). There is considerable controversy regarding the origin of such multiwhisker RFs; three possibilities include: (i) TC cells within a barreloid respond to multiple whiskers, and barrel RS cells simply inherit multiwhisker responses from their aligned barreloid; (ii) TC cells respond only to the PW, but individual barreloids innervate multiple barrels; (iii) multiwhisker responses of barrel cells arise from lateral corticocortical (barrel-to-barrel) synaptic transmission.