1,577 results match your criteria: "College of William and Mary[Affiliation]"

Predators regulate communities through top-down control in many ecosystems. Because most studies of top-down control last less than a year and focus on only a subset of the community, they may miss predator effects that manifest at longer timescales or across whole food webs. In southeastern US salt marshes, short-term and small-scale experiments indicate that nektonic predators (e.

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Anadromous salmon populations are declining in the Pacific Northwest, with high mortality during the transition from fresh- to seawater as smolts, a stage particularly vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions. This study seeks to explore the impacts of warming and ocean acidification on the transition of life in freshwater to life at sea in Chinook salmon smolts. In a fully factorial experiment, we transitioned Chinook salmon from fresh- to seawater at current and future conditions of temperature (13 °C and 16 °C, respectively) and ocean acidification (400 and 1400 atm CO), including a fluctuating CO treatment (between control and high CO) that may be more representative of natural environmental conditions associated with upwelling and tidal cycling.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The Daya Bay experiment has successfully measured the oscillation amplitude and frequency of reactor antineutrinos over nearly 2,000 days of data, finding significant results about their behavior.
  • - They observed over 3.6 million signal candidates using improved selection and calibration methods, leading to a measurement of sin²2θ₁₃ = 0.0759 with a precision that indicates how antineutrinos change states.
  • - Combining results from different detection methods at Daya Bay, the overall measurement of sin²2θ₁₃ increased precision to 0.0833±0.0022, representing an 8% improvement in understanding these neutrino properties.
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Variational benchmarks for quantum many-body problems.

Science

October 2024

Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

The continued development of computational approaches to many-body ground-state problems in physics and chemistry calls for a consistent way to assess its overall progress. In this work, we introduce a metric of variational accuracy, the V-score, obtained from the variational energy and its variance. We provide an extensive curated dataset of variational calculations of many-body quantum systems, identifying cases where state-of-the-art numerical approaches show limited accuracy and future algorithms or computational platforms, such as quantum computing, could provide improved accuracy.

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Board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) working in the schools often are charged with supporting students with and without disabilities who engage in challenging behavior. Meeting the unique needs of these students often requires a collaborative approach with other school-based professionals. We specifically sought to understand how behavior analysts engage in interprofessional collaboration with school psychologists (SPs), professionals who also have training to support students who engage in challenging behavior.

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The Relationship Between Maturation Size and Maximum Tree Size From Tropical to Boreal Climates.

Ecol Lett

September 2024

Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche Pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), Grenoble, France.

Article Synopsis
  • - The study examines the relationship between tree maturation size and reproduction, finding that larger tree species tend to start reproducing at a smaller size than expected, challenging previous assumptions.
  • - Researchers analyzed seed production data from 486 tree species across different climates, revealing that maturation size increases with maximum size but not in a straightforward manner.
  • - The results indicate that this trend is particularly pronounced in colder climates, highlighting the importance of understanding maturation size to better predict how forests will respond to climate change and disturbances.
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Dynamic range is a crucial aspect in the development of fluorescent chemosensors. We aimed to address this issue using molecular logic gates. By creating an AND logic gate with two binding sites for the same type of ion, we increased the dynamic range of a sodium chemosensor while still using the same ionophore.

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MicroRNA-376a-3p sensitizes CPT-11-resistant colorectal cancer by enhancing apoptosis and reversing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the IGF1R/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Transl Oncol

December 2024

Cardiovascular and Mitochondria related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most prevalent type of cancer worldwide contributing to an estimated 10 % of all cancer cases. CPT-11 is one of the first-line drugs for CRC treatment. Unfortunately, the development of drug resistance significantly exacerbates the adverse impact of CRC.

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Mononuclear Fe(III) complexes containing an antipyrine Schiff base ligand were prepared and fully characterized, demonstrating a planar tetradentate coordination geometry. These complexes were found to be active for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Catalysis occurs at -1.

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Microbiome signature of different stages of hypoxia event in Wonmun Bay.

Mar Environ Res

November 2024

Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

We investigated how microbial communities associated with different hypoxic stages respond to environmental changes across three water depths in Wonmun Bay, South Korea. Analysis of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and nutrient concentrations revealed prominent seasonal shifts and strong stratification during summer hypoxia. Metabarcoding of prokaryotic 16 S rRNA genes and phototrophic eukaryotic chloroplasts along with quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed variations in the abundance and composition of these communities.

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This study reports the earliest directly dated occurrence of archaeological wheat and cotton in the humid forests of West Africa. These are the first archaeobotanical results from the medieval urban center of Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria, best known for its famous artworks. Both wheat and cotton likely spread through trans-Saharan trade networks that laid the foundation for later European trade systems.

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This Letter presents results of a search for the mixing of a sub-eV sterile neutrino with three active neutrinos based on the full data sample of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, collected during 3158 days of detector operation, which contains 5.55×10^{6} reactor ν[over ¯]_{e} candidates identified as inverse beta-decay interactions followed by neutron capture on gadolinium. The analysis benefits from a doubling of the statistics of our previous result and from improvements of several important systematic uncertainties.

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The LLAMA (Lyman Alpha Measurement Apparatus) pinhole camera diagnostic had previously been deployed on DIII-D to measure radial profiles of the Lyman-α (Ly-α) deuterium neutral line brightness across the plasma boundary in the lower chamber to infer neutral deuterium density and ionization rate profiles. This system has recently been upgraded with a new diagnostic head, named ALPACA, that also encloses two pinhole cameras and duplicates the LLAMA views in the upper chamber. Similar to LLAMA, ALPACA provides two times 20 lines of sight, viewing the plasma edge on the inboard and outboard sides with a radial resolution of ∼2.

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Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles produced by almost all mammalian cells. They play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring biologically active molecules from the cell of origin to the recipient cells. Ionizing radiation influences exosome production and molecular cargo loading.

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Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and has a high prevalence. Insulin-like growth factor-II receptor α (IGF-IIRα) acts as a stress-inducible negative regulator. This study focused on the substantial impact of heightened expression of IGF-IIRα in cardiac myoblasts and its association with the exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction.

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Rhodiola and Salidroside Attenuate Oxidative Stress-Triggered H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Apoptosis Through IGF1R-Induced ERK1/2 Activation.

Environ Toxicol

November 2024

Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.

Oxidative stress is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Rhodiola, a traditional Chinese medicine, is recognized for its potent antioxidant properties. Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside derived from Rhodiola rosea, has shown remarkable antioxidant capabilities.

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Introduction: To compare comprehension of Miranda rights in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus adults without TBI as measured by response accuracy on the Miranda Right Comprehension Instruments.

Methods: Data were collected virtually via teleconferencing from July 2022 to February 2023. Participants included 25 adults with moderate-severe TBI (12 females, 13 males) and 25 adults without TBI (12 females, 13 males), ages 20-55 years.

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The steric interference of proximal dialkyl amino and acyl groups at the peri (1,8) positions of naphthalene affects the intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence. Previous studies indicate that acyl and freely rotating dimethyl amino groups twist toward coplanarity with the naphthalene ring in the excited state. The present study examines the effect of constraining the amino group in a ring.

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Global forests are increasingly lost to climate change, disturbance, and human management. Evaluating forests' capacities to regenerate and colonize new habitats has to start with the seed production of individual trees and how it depends on nutrient access. Studies on the linkage between reproduction and foliar nutrients are limited to a few locations and few species, due to the large investment needed for field measurements on both variables.

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Scalar and Tensor Charmonium Resonances in Coupled-Channel Scattering from Lattice QCD.

Phys Rev Lett

June 2024

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

We determine J^{PC}=0^{++} and 2^{++} hadron-hadron scattering amplitudes in the charmonium energy region up to 4100 MeV using lattice QCD, a first-principles approach to QCD. Working at m_{π}≈391  MeV, more than 200 finite-volume energy levels are computed and these are used in extensions of the Lüscher formalism to determine infinite-volume coupled-channel scattering amplitudes. We find that this energy region contains a single χ_{c0} and a single χ_{c2} resonance.

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Discontinuation of Gender-Affirming Medical Treatments: Prevalence and Associated Features in a Nonprobabilistic Sample of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults in Canada and the United States.

J Adolesc Health

October 2024

Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • - The study explored the prevalence and reasons for stopping gender-affirming medical treatment (GAMT) among transgender and gender-diverse youth in Canada and the U.S., using an online survey of individuals aged 15-29.
  • - Out of 3,937 participants, 16.8% who started GAMT reported discontinuing it, with health concerns, changing gender identity, and costs being the main reasons, while 37.2% wished they hadn't stopped.
  • - The findings indicate a need for more research to understand the factors influencing discontinuation of GAMT, as many participants who stopped still identified as transgender or gender-diverse.
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Calycosin Enhances Heat Shock Related-Proteins in H9c2 Cells to Modulate Survival and Apoptosis against Heat Shock.

Am J Chin Med

July 2024

Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), which function as chaperones, are activated in response to various environmental stressors. In addition to their role in diverse aspects of protein production, HSPs protect against harmful protein-related stressors. Calycosin exhibits numerous beneficial properties.

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Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity is ubiquitously found in all vertebrate species, tissues and cellular compartments. Most species have plasma-accessible CA (paCA) isoforms at the respiratory surfaces, where the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of plasma bicarbonate to carbon dioxide (CO) that can be excreted by diffusion. A notable exception are the teleost fishes that appear to lack paCA at their gills.

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Tannic Acid Impedes the Proliferation of Bladder Cancer Cells by Elevating Mitochondrial Pathways of Apoptosis.

Cell Biochem Biophys

June 2024

Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.

Bladder cancer stands as a prevailing neoplasm among men globally, distinguished for its pronounced malignancy attributed to invasiveness and metastatic proclivity. Tannic acid (TA), an organic compound in many plants, has garnered recent attention for its discernible anti-mutagenic attributes. This investigation endeavored to scrutinize the repercussions of TA on grade II bladder cancer, with a concerted focus on unraveling its anti-cancer mechanisms.

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Understanding how climate and local stressors interact is paramount for predicting future ecosystem structure. The effects of multiple stressors are often examined in small-scale and short-term field experiments, limiting understanding of the spatial and temporal generality of the findings. Using a 22-year observational dataset of plant and grazer abundance in a southeastern US salt marsh, we analyzed how changes in drought and grazer density combined to affect plant biomass.

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