Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorates CCl4-induced Liver Fibrosis by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Autophagy Pathway.

Background: Liver fibrosis represents a serious risk to global health by impairing quality of life and elevating the chances of hepatocellular carcinoma, while the intricate role of autophagy can either alleviate or worsen fibrosis depending on its functioning.

Objective: Herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of chlorogenic acid in CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis and explore the autophagy pathway as the possible molecular target of chlorogenic acid.

Methods: Rats were injected with carbon tetrachloride (1ml/kg) to induce liver fibrosis for 10 weeks.

Molecular Insights into RNA Modifications and their Role in Shaping Immune Responses and Tumor Microenvironments.

RNA modifications play crucial roles in immune system development and function, with dynamic changes essential for diverse cellular processes. Innovative profiling technologies are invaluable for understanding the significance of these modifications in immune cells, both in healthy and diseased states. This review explores the utility of such technologies in uncovering the functions of RNA modifications and their impact on immune responses.

Isolation, characterization and therapeutic efficacy of lytic bacteriophage ZK22 against Salmonella Typhimurium in mice.

Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most common serovars of Salmonella associated with clinical cases. It not only leads to diarrhea and mortality raised in livestock and poultry farming, but also poses a risk to food safety.

Results: In this study, a lytic bacteriophage named ZK22 was isolated and identified from sewage.

Insulin degludec 100 U/mL for treatment of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in dogs.

Background: The advantages of insulin degludec 100 U/mL (IDeg100) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) include consistent release, predictable glucose-lowering effect, and minimal day-to-day variability.

Hypothesis/objectives: To describe the use of IDeg100 in dogs with DM, level of diabetic control and adverse effects.

Animals: Thirty-three client-owned dogs with DM.

Weaning impact: Evaluating growth, behavior, and production performance in Sahiwal cows and their calves.

Initial periods of life, beginning before birth and lasting until weaning are characterised by the greatest neural plasticity. Early postnatal stress causes lasting changes in a variety of behaviours as well as stress reactivity. Cow-calf contact for an extended period is believed to improve the social skills of calves and has also been linked to improved productivity of mothers.

A genome-wide association study identifies genetic variants associated with hip pain in the UK Biobank cohort (N = 221,127).

Hip pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint that leads many people to seek medical attention. We conducted a primary genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the hip pain phenotype within the UK Biobank cohort. Sex-stratified GWAS analysis approach was also performed to explore sex specific variants associated with hip pain.

Antibiotic ecotoxicity and resistance risks in resource-constrained chicken and pig farming environments.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from agroecosystems in low- and middle-income countries is limited. We surveyed chicken (n = 52) and pig (n = 47) farms in Kenya to understand AMR in animal-environment pathways. Using LC-MS/MS, we validated the methods for analyzing eight common antibiotics and quantified the associated risks.

Dynamics of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex revealed by in-situ structural analysis.

The multi-enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle and plays vital roles in metabolism, energy production, and cellular signaling. Although all components have been individually characterized, the intact PDHc structure remains unclear, hampering our understanding of its composition and dynamical catalytic mechanisms. Here, we report the in-situ architecture of intact mammalian PDHc by cryo-electron tomography.

Harnessing artificial intelligence for enhanced veterinary diagnostics: A look to quality assurance, Part II External validation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a valuable diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine, offering affordable and accessible tests that can match or even exceed the performance of medical professionals in similar tasks. Despite the promising outcomes of using AI systems (AIS) as highly accurate diagnostic tools, the field of quality assurance in AIS is still in its early stages. Our Part I manuscript focused on the development and technical validation of an AIS.

The effect of midazolam co-induction on cardiorespiratory variables, myoclonus and etomidate dose requirements in healthy cats.

Objective: To evaluate dose requirements of etomidate for endotracheal intubation, with or without midazolam co-induction, and to describe induction quality and associated cardiorespiratory variables in healthy cats.

Study Design: Randomized prospective experimental study.

Animals: A group of 24 adult neutered cats (17 females, seven males).

Migrant Health Country Profile tool (MHCP-t) for transforming health data collection and surveillance in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region: tool development protocol with embedded process evaluation.

Introduction: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is characterised by major health disparities and complex migration flows. Yet, because of a lack of epidemiological data, there is an urgent need to strengthen routine data collection around migrant health and to define key indicators towards migrant health monitoring. To address this problem, we aim to design and pilot test the Migrant Health Country Profile tool (MHCP-t) which can collate country-level data collection around migration health data, policies and healthcare provision.

Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) as a molecular target for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) resistance in chickens.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD), posing a significant threat to global poultry production. Current preventive strategies face limitations, emphasizing the need for alternative approaches such as breeding for disease resistance. This study identifies the matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) gene as a key factor in CRD resistance.

BioClocks UK: driving robust cycles of discovery to impact.

Chronobiology is a multidisciplinary field that extends across the tree of life, transcends all scales of biological organization, and has huge translational potential. For the UK to harness the opportunities presented within applied chronobiology, we need to build our network outwards to reach stakeholders that can directly benefit from our discoveries. In this article, we discuss the importance of biological rhythms to our health, society, economy and environment, with a particular focus on circadian rhythms.

Ergothioneine improves healthspan of aged animals by enhancing cGPDH activity through CSE-dependent persulfidation.

Ergothioneine (ET), a dietary thione/thiol, is receiving growing attention for its possible benefits in healthy aging and metabolic resilience. Our study investigates ET's effects on healthspan in aged animals, revealing lifespan extension and enhanced mobility in Caenorhabditis elegans, accompanied by improved stress resistance and reduced age-associated biomarkers. In aged rats, ET administration enhances exercise endurance, muscle mass, and vascularization, concomitant with higher NAD levels in muscle.

BTG3 inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by promoting viral S2 protein degradation through the autophagy and proteasome pathways.

BTG3, which belongs to the BTG/Tob gene family, is involved in various physiological processes. Infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an alphacoronavirus, is associated with high mortality rates among piglets, contributing to major economic losses. This study elucidated a novel mechanism through which BTG3 suppresses PEDV replication.

Enteric pathogenicity characterization of emerging parainfluenza virus 5 in western China.

Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and causes respiratory symptoms in various animal species. Although the virus has been frequently detected among fecal samples, no study has described its infection of the intestine. Recently, diarrhea with low mortality has spread on pig farms in Gansu, China.

L-cysteine modulates the Maillard reaction: Impacts on PhIP and pyrazine formation.

L-Cysteine (L-Cys) serves as both an inhibitor of the carcinogen 1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and an enhancer of food flavor, supporting efforts to improve food safety and quality. Using a glucose/phenylalanine/creatinine model system, this study assessed the effects of varying L-Cys concentrations on PhIP inhibition and pyrazine flavor enhancement through UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses. The optimal PhIP reduction (82.

Disposition of enrofloxacin in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid, peritoneal fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy mares.

Objective: To investigate the disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), peritoneal fluid, and CSF in horses following IV administration of enrofloxacin at doses of 5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight.

Methods: 6 healthy, mature mares were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of enrofloxacin at either 5 mg/kg or 7.

Characteristics of neutrophil chemotaxis in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

Cetaceans have adapted to aquatic life by evolving various anatomic and physiologic traits, but biological defense mechanisms specific to aquatic mammals that protect against pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bottlenose dolphins in response to various chemotactic factors and compared the migration response with that of terrestrial animals such as cows and humans to characterize biological defense mechanisms unique to cetaceans. Bottlenose dolphin neutrophils showed strong chemotactic activity toward zymosan-activated serum and recombinant human interleukin-8 but no chemotaxis toward N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or leukotriene B at any concentration examined.

Association of poultry vaccination with interspecies transmission and molecular evolution of H5 subtype avian influenza virus.

The effectiveness of poultry vaccination in preventing the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has been debated, and its impact on wild birds remains uncertain. Here, we reconstruct the movements of H5 subtype AIV lineages among vaccinated poultry, unvaccinated poultry, and wild birds, worldwide, from 1996 to 2023. We find that there is a time lag in viral transmission among different host populations and that movements from wild birds to unvaccinated poultry were more frequent than those from wild birds to vaccinated poultry.

Suppression of chemically induced mammary cancer by early-life oral administration of cholera toxin in mice is associated with aberrant regulation of Bmp and Notch signaling pathways.

Background: Lately, significant attention has been drawn towards the potential efficacy of cholera toxin (CT)-an exotoxin produced by the small intestine pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholera-in modulating cancer-promoting events. In a recent study, we demonstrated that early-life oral administration of non-pathogenic doses of CT in mice suppressed chemically-induced carcinogenesis in tissues distantly located from the gut. In the mammary gland, CT pretreatment was shown to reduce tumor multiplicity, increase apoptosis and alter the expression of several cancer-related molecules.

Identification of 6,8-ditrifluoromethyl halogenated phenazine as a potent bacterial biofilm-eradicating agent.

Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities consisting of non-replicating persister cells encased within an extracellular matrix of biomolecules. Unlike bacteria that have acquired resistance to antibiotics, persister cells enable biofilms to demonstrate innate tolerance toward all classes of conventional antibiotic therapies. It is estimated that 50-80% of bacterial infections are biofilm associated, which is considered the underlying cause of chronic and recurring infections.

Marek's disease virus-encoded microRNA-M6-5p facilitates viral latent infection by targeting histone demethylase KDM2B.

Marek's disease virus (MDV), a highly contagious and oncogenic avian alphaherpesvirus, establishes a latent infection primarily in CD4 T cells. Latent infections are necessary for both persistent lifelong MDV infection and viral tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles as post-transcriptional regulators of viral infections.

Class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor TMP269 suppresses lumpy skin disease virus replication by regulating host lysophosphatidic acid metabolism.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection poses a significant threat to global cattle farming. Currently, effective therapeutic agents are lacking. TMP269, a small molecule inhibitor of class IIa histone deacetylase inhibitor, plays a vital role in cancer therapy.