Real-time prediction of heparin concentration in blood extracorporeal circulation by relaxation time distribution (RTD).

Heparin concentration c in a blood extracorporeal circulation has been real-timely predicted based on the relaxation strength Δε at relaxation frequency f extracted by relaxation time distribution (RTD). The simulated extracorporeal circulation was conducted to optimize the number of Δε for the prediction of c using the porcine whole blood (WB) and low-leukocyte and -platelet blood (LLPB) under the condition of the gradual increment of c from 0 to 8 U/mL with constant flow rate and blood temperature. The experimental results show that among the three relaxation strengths Δε, Δε and Δε (in ascending order of frequency), Δε at f = 5.

Speckle tracking echocardiography for evaluation of myocardial functions before and after mitral valvuloplasty in dogs.

Background: Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common acquired heart disease in dogs. Mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) addresses regurgitation, but the pre- and postoperative changes in myocardial function remain uncertain.

Objectives: This study evaluated myocardial motion before and after MVP using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE).

Consequences of gene editing of on thermotolerance, growth, and male reproduction in cattle.

Global warming is a major challenge to the sustainable and humane production of food because of the increased risk of livestock to heat stress. Here, the example of the prolactin receptor () gene is used to demonstrate how gene editing can increase the resistance of cattle to heat stress by the introduction of mutations conferring thermotolerance. Several cattle populations in South and Central America possess natural mutations in that result in affected animals having short hair and being thermotolerant.

Exploring sleep heart rate variability: linear, nonlinear, and circadian rhythm perspectives.

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is believed to possess the potential for disease detection. However, early identification of heart disease remains challenging, as HRV analysis in dogs primarily reflects the advanced stages of the disease.

Hypothesis/objective: The aim of this study is to compare 24-h HRV with sleep HRV to assess the potential utility of sleep HRV analysis.

Diet composition of the African manatee: Spatial and temporal variation within the Sanaga River Watershed, Cameroon.

The present study aimed to investigate the diet of African manatees in Cameroon to better inform conservation decisions within protected areas. A large knowledge gap on diet and seasonal changes in forage availability limits the ability to develop informed local management plans for the African manatee in much of its range. This research took place in the Sanaga River Watershed, which includes two protected areas in the Littoral Region of Cameroon: the Douala-Edea National Park and the Lake Ossa Wildlife Reserve.

African manatee () habitat suitability at Lake Ossa, Cameroon, using trophic state models and predictions of submerged aquatic vegetation.

The present study aims at investigating the past and current trophic status of Lake Ossa and evaluating its potential impact on African manatee health. Lake Ossa is known as a refuge for the threatened African manatees in Cameroon. Little information exists on the water quality and health of the ecosystem as reflected by its chemical and biological characteristics.

Retrobulbar embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes in a golden retriever dog.

Although rare, embryonal tumors (previously called primitive neuroectodermal tumors) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retrobulbar tumors in dogs regardless of the age of the patient, and ancillary tests are required for definitive diagnosis.

-Like Coccidia Infecting Green Turtles (): An Emerging Disease With Evidence of Interoceanic Dissemination.

Protozoa morphologically consistent with sp. are one of the few pathogens associated with episodic mass mortality events involving free-ranging sea turtles. Parasitism of green turtles () by these coccidia and associated mortality was first reported in maricultured turtles in the Caribbean during the 1970s.

Antebrachiometacarpal arthrodesis in five dogs.

Case Reports: Five dogs (4 with severe carpal contracture, 1 with a chronically infected carpal joint) underwent antebrachiometacarpal arthrodesis. Excision of all carpal bones, except the accessory carpal bone, was done, either because of persistent infection or to allow the manus to be arthrodesed in a functional position. All five dogs developed varying degrees of soft tissue swelling of the surgical site following surgery.

Sustained Captopril-Induced Reduction in Blood Pressure Is Associated With Alterations in Gut-Brain Axis in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.

Background We have demonstrated that the antihypertensive effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril ( CAP ), is associated with beneficial effects on gut pathology. Coupled with the evidence that CAP exerts prolonged reduction in blood pressure ( BP ) after discontinuation of treatment, we investigate whether persistent beneficial actions of CAP are linked to alterations of gut microbiota and improvement of hypertension-induced gut pathology. Methods and Results Spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) and Wistar Kyoto rats were treated with CAP (250 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks followed by withdrawal for 16 weeks.

Lack of cross-reactivity of human and porcine reagents to quantify manatee (Trichechus manatus) cytokines.

Veterinary medical examinations, including both physical examination and diagnostic tests, are important to monitor the health of both managed-care and wild marine mammals. However, limited species-specific reagents and assays are available that may contribute to a broader medical examination. This project evaluated if commercially available human and porcine antibodies and reagents would cross-react with manatee (Trichechus manatus) cytokines as the first step to validate a new diagnostic tool for manatees.

Complete Genome Sequencing of a Novel Type of in Indian River Lagoon Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

The genome sequence of a papillomavirus was determined from fecal samples collected from bottlenose dolphins in the Indian River Lagoon, FL. The genome was 7,772 bp and displayed a typical papillomavirus genome organization. Phylogenetic analysis supported the bottlenose dolphin papillomavirus as being a novel type of .

Multiple Roles for B-Lymphocytes in Sjogren's Syndrome.

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a complex heterogeneous autoimmune disease resulting in loss of salivary gland and lacrimal gland function that may include multiple systemic manifestations including lymphoma. Multiple cell types participate in disease pathogenesis. This review discusses evidence for abnormal B cell subpopulations in patients with SS, critical roles of B cells in SS and the status of B cell-directed therapies in the management of patients with SS.

ISVEE 14 Yucatan 2015 14th Symposium of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics.

The 14th Symposium of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE 14) was held in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico during 3-7 November. 2015. The purpose of ISVEE 14 Yucatan 2015 was to provide a global forum for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, junior and senior investigators, as well as health policymakers to exchange information that can advance the fields of veterinary epidemiology and economics, and other disciplines in the health and social sciences.

Phylogenomic characterization of California sea lion adenovirus-1.

Significant adenoviral diversity has been found in humans, but in domestic and wild animals the number of identified viruses is lower. Here we present the complete genome of a recently discovered mastadenovirus, California sea lion adenovirus 1 (CSLAdV-1) isolated from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), an important pathogen associated with hepatitis in pinnipeds. The genome of this virus has the typical mastadenoviral structure with some notable differences at the carboxy-terminal end, including a dUTPase that does not cluster with other mastadenoviral dUTPases, and a fiber that shows similarity to a trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi and choline-binding protein A (CbpA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Use of two conventional staining methods to assess the acrosomal status of stallion spermatozoa.

Reasons For Performing Study: The acrosome is a highly specialised region of the spermatozoon that is essential for fertilisation. Defects or dysfunction of this structure have been associated with fertility problems in man and various domestic species including stallions. Current methods of evaluating the acrosome of stallion spermatozoa are time consuming and require specialised equipment, which is cost prohibitive to the average practitioner.

Biomechanical concepts applicable to minimally invasive fracture repair in small animals.

Understanding the basic biomechanical principles of surgical stabilization of fractures is essential for developing an appropriate preoperative plan as well as making prudent intraoperative decisions. This article aims to provide basic biomechanical knowledge essential to the understanding of the complex interaction between the mechanics and biology of fracture healing. The type of healing and the outcome can be influenced by several mechanical factors, which depend on the interaction between bone and implant.

Surgical management of a subepiglottic thyroglossal duct cyst in a dog.

A 2 yr old dog presented for dysphagia and coughing secondary to a 4 cm × 4 cm turgid subepiglottic mass. Cervical radiographs, an esophagram, and computed tomography confirmed the presence of a cystic mass that was not intimately associated with any surrounding structures. An incisional biopsy confirmed the cystic nature of the mass and helped to rule out a malignancy.

Accuracy of indirect measurement of blood pressure in neonatal foals.

The objectives of this study were to assess, in anesthetized neonatal foals, the accuracy of 2 automated indirect oscillometric monitors for measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), to determine the optimal site of cuff placement for MAP monitoring, and to determine the relationship between arterial blood pressure and cardiac output. Ten neonatal foals were anesthetized and instrumented with a catheter in the metatarsal artery for direct MAP monitoring and measurement of cardiac output by lithium dilution. Concurrent MAP measurements were obtained with Cardell and Dinamap oscillometric monitors with cuffs placed at 3 different sites (coccygeal, metatarsal, and median arteries).

Changes in breathing pattern in the normal horse at rest up to age one year.

Changes in pattern of airflow, sequence of respiratory muscle activation and generated pressures were measured serially in a group of foals during the first year post partum, in order to describe the maturation of the equine breathing pattern. In neonatal foals, inspiration and expiration were both primarily active and airflow pattern was essentially monophasic. By age 1 year, foals displayed essentially the same breathing pattern previously described in adult horses, utilising a combination of active and passive inspiration and expiration to breathe around, rather than from, the relaxation volume of the respiratory system (Vrx).

Effects of calving-related disorders on prostaglandin, calcium, ovarian activity and uterine involution in postrartum dairy cows.

Postpartum ovarian activity, uterine involution and plasma concentrations of calcium and 15-keto-13, 14 dihydro-prostaglandin F2alpha (PGFM) were assessed in dairy cows with retained fetal membranes (n=10) and milk fever (n=10) at parturition. In addition, calcium and PGFM were evaluated in dairy cows affected with uterine prolapse (n=10) and pyometra (n=14). Cows with retained fetal membrane averaged 24.