Postnatal changes in constitutive cyclooxygenase‑2 expression in the mice hippocampus and its function in synaptic plasticity.

Although the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is closely associated with inflammation in the brain, it is constitutively expressed in the brain, and its expression is regulated by synaptic activity. The present study investigated postnatal expression of COX‑2 in the hippocampus in C57BL/6 mice at postnatal days (P) 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56. In addition, the presented study examined the effects of COX‑2 on synaptic plasticity through Arc, phosphorylated cAMP response element‑binding protein (pCREB), N‑methyl‑d‑aspartate receptor 1 (GluN1), and GluN2A/2B immunohistochemistry, which was performed on COX‑2 knockout (KO) and wild‑type (WT) mice.

New clinical application of three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold as an alternative to allograft bone for limb-sparing surgery in a dog with distal radial osteosarcoma.

Limb-sparing surgery is one of the surgical options for dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma (OSA). This case report highlights the novel application of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed patient-specific polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) scaffold in limb-sparing surgery in a dog with distal radial OSA. The outcomes evaluated included postoperative gait analysis, complications, local recurrence of tumor, metastasis, and survival time.

Epidemiological Survey on Eimeria spp. Associated with Diarrhea in Pre-weaned Native Korean Calves.

Bovine coccidiosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting calf productivity. Here, we investi- gated the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in pre-weaned native Korean calves and determined the correlation between diar- rhea and Eimeria spp.

Role of inflammasome regulation on immune modulators.

Inflammatory responses are essential in eliminating harmful substrates from damaged tissue and inducing recovery. Several cytokines participate in and facilitate this response. Certain cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 are initially produced in precursor form in response to toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and undergo maturation by inflammasomes, which are cytosolic multi-protein complexes containing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-containing protein 2-like receptors (NLRs).

Molecular epidemiology of sequence type 33 of Shiga toxin-producing O91:H14 isolates from human patients and retail meats in Korea.

Sequence type (ST) 33 of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) strain O91:H14 has been proposed as a potential domestic clone of STEC in Korea because of its high prevalence among human patients with mild diarrhea or asymptomatic carriers. Herein, the clonal diversity of 17 STEC O91:H14 isolates of ST33 during 2003 to 2014 was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, including 14 isolates from human patients and 3 from retail meats. Their virulence characteristics, acid resistance, and antimicrobial susceptibility were also determined.

Tissue Fluid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay for Piglets Experimentally Infected with Toxoplasma gondii and Survey on Local and Imported Pork in Korean Retail Meat Markets.

To investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork on the market in Korea, an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tissue fluid (CAU-tf-ELISA) was developed using a soluble extract of T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites. As the standard positive controls, the piglets were experimentally infected with T.

Protein disulfide-isomerase A3 significantly reduces ischemia-induced damage by reducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Ischemia causes oxidative stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), accelerates the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins, and may ultimately lead to neuronal cell apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3), an ER-resident chaperone that catalyzes disulfide-bond formation in a subset of glycoproteins, against oxidative damage in the hypoxic HT22 cell line and against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampus. We also confirmed the neuroprotective effects of PDIA3 by using PDIA3-knockout HAP1 cells.

Loss of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 promotes hepatic steatosis via the induced de novo lipogenesis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from triglyceride accumulation within the liver and some of them advances to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It is important to note that in NAFLD development, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) derives from excess carbohydrates and fats under a condition of excess energy through β-oxidation. As a main regulator for DNL, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (Srebp-1) forms complex with progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1).

Molecular characterization of erythromycin and tetracycline-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail chicken meats.

Enterococcus faecalis is a ubiquitous intestinal bacterium in human and animals that can easily acquire antimicrobial resistance, which allows it to play the role of an antimicrobial resistance indicator. The objectives of this study were to characterize erythromycin and tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis isolated from retail chicken meats.

Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Inhibitor Treatment during Parthenogenetic Activation on the Apoptosis and Development of Parthenogenetic Porcine Embryos.

We investigate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor treatment during parthenogenetic activation of oocytes on the ER stress generation, apoptosis, and development of parthenogenetic porcine embryos. Porcine matured oocytes were activated by 1) electric stimulus (E) or 2) E+10 μM Ca-ionophore (A23187) treatment (EC). Oocytes were then treated by ER stress inhibitors such as salubrinal (200 nM) and tauroursodeoxychloic acid (TUDCA, 100 μM) for 3 h prior to culture.

Repeated injection of KMRC011, a medical countermeasure for radiation, can cause adverse health effects in cynomolgus monkeys.

High-dose radiation-induced tissue damage is a major limiting factor in the medical application of nuclear technology. Herein, we tested 28-day repeated-dose toxicity of KMRC011, an agonist of toll-like receptor (TLR) 5, which is being developed as a medical countermeasure for radiation, using cynomolgus monkeys. KMRC011 (0.

Enhanced Skull Bone Regeneration by Sustained Release of BMP-2 in Interpenetrating Composite Hydrogels.

Direct administration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for bone regeneration could cause various clinical side effects such as osteoclast activation, inflammation, adipogenesis, and bone cyst formation. In this study, thiolated gelatin/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) interpenetrating (IPN) composite hydrogels were developed for guided skull bone regeneration. To promote bone regeneration, either polycation-based coacervates (Coa) or gelatin microparticles (GMPs) were incorporated within IPN gels as BMP-2 carriers.

Mercury and arsenic attenuate canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Exposure to heavy metals can cause several diseases associated with the immune system. Although the effects of heavy metals on production of inflammatory cytokines have been previously studied, the role of heavy metals in inflammasome activation remains poorly studied. The inflammasome is an intracellular multi-protein complex that detects intracellular danger signals, resulting in inflammatory responses such as cytokine maturation and pyroptosis.

Triggers of NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes induce porcine IL-1β secretion.

Pigs are an important livestock and serve as a large animal model due to physiological and anatomical similarities with humans. Thus, components of the porcine immune system such as inflammasomes need to be characterized for disease control, vaccination, and translational research purposes. Previously, we and others elucidated porcine nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family Pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.

Intra-Articular Injection of Alginate-Microencapsulated Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Rabbits.

We investigated the effects of intra-articular injections of alginate-microencapsulated adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) during osteoarthritis (OA) development in a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). We induced OA in mature New Zealand white rabbits by bilateral ACLT. Stifle joints were categorised into four groups according to intra-articular injection materials.

Cigarette smoke condensate may disturb immune function with apoptotic cell death by impairing function of organelles in alveolar macrophages.

Considering that cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) is primarily absorbed through the alveoli in the lungs, herein, we used a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S cells). After 24 h exposure, CSC decreased dose-dependently cell viability accompanying an increase in intracellular ROS and NO level. CSC structurally or functionally damaged organelles including mitochondria, ER and lysosome and enhanced the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, ER stress and DNA damage accompanying an elevated proportion of annexin V-bound cells.

Effects of Foot-and-mouth Disease Vaccination Location and Injection Device on the Incidence of Site Lesions in Pork.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the type O foot-and-mouse disease vaccine (FMDV) on the incidence of abnormal meat such as granuloma or abscess formation at the injection site in pork and its associated economic losses. At 56 d of age, piglets were inoculated with FMDV by one of three administration routes: N-Neck (a conventional needle-syringe injection into the neck), N-Ham (a conventional needle-syringe injection into the ham), and Non-Neck (injection with a needle-free device into the neck). The injection sites were visually examined for the presence of a granuloma or abscess, and the incidence rate of abnormal meat was calculated.

Evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets Overexpressing BMP-7 in Canine Critical-Sized Bone Defects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro osteogenic capacity of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) overexpressing adipose-derived (Ad-) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sheets (BMP-7-CS). In addition, BMP-7-CS were transplanted into critical-sized bone defects and osteogenesis was assessed. BMP-7 gene expressing lentivirus particles were transduced into Ad-MSCs.

Detection of Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 within multicentric basosquamous carcinoma in a domestic cat.

A 12-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 3-year history of multiple nonpruritic, ulcerated, plaque-like skin lesions but no other clinical signs. A systemic examination revealed mild lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic analysis of the skin lesions revealed multicentric basosquamous carcinoma (BSC).

Decrease in glucose transporter 1 levels and translocation of glucose transporter 3 in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice and gerbils with aging.

In the present study, we compared the cell-specific expression and changes protein levels in the glucose transporters (GLUTs) 1 and 3, the major GLUTs in the mouse and gerbil brains using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In both mouse and gerbils, GLUT1 immunoreactivity was mainly found in the blood vessels in the dentate gyrus, while GLUT3 immunoreactivity was detected in the subgranular zone and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. GLUT1-immunoreactivity in blood vessels and GLUT1 protein levels were significantly decreased with age in the mice and gerbils, respectively.

Sepsis Caused by Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 in a Eurasian River Otter ( Lutra lutra) in the Republic of Korea.

An adult male Eurasian river otter ( Lutra lutra) was diagnosed with systemic infection. Microbiologic findings identified Streptococcus suis serotype 2, clonal complex 28, and sequence type 629. Genetic analysis strongly suggested the transmission of S.

Analysis of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Induced during Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) Process in Porcine SCNT Embryos.

This study investigates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent apoptosis in duced during somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) process of porcine SCNT embryos. Porcine SCNT and fertilization (IVF) embryos were sampled at 3 h and 20 h after SCNT or IVF and at the blastocyst stage for mRNA extraction. The x-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) mRNA and the expressions of ER stress-associated genes were confirmed by RT-PCR or RT-qPCR.

Clinical Application of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Microcarriers Fabricated by the Cryopolymerization of Gelatin Methacrylate for the Treatment of Radial Fracture in Two Dogs.

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) effectively induces bone healing. However, the efficacy of BMP-2 relies heavily on its delivery vehicle because of its short half-life. We utilized a microcarrier fabricated by the cryopolymerization of gelatin methacrylate (cryoGelMA) infused with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (cryoGelMA-BMP-2) for the sustained and localized release of growth factors.

Application of alginate microbeads as a carrier of bone morphogenetic protein-2 for bone regeneration.

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is commonly used to enhance bone regeneration. The potential of BMP-2 for bone regeneration varies according to the concentration and release kinetics on the implanted site. Therefore, it is important to determine appropriate carriers of BMP-2.

Potentiation of Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity by Propylene Glycol in Both and Systems.

Many consumer products used in our daily lives result in inhalation exposure to a variety of chemicals, although the toxicities of the active ingredients are not well known; furthermore, simultaneous exposure to chemical mixtures occurs. Sodium metabisulfite (SM) and propylene glycol (PG) are used in a variety of products. Both the cytotoxicity and the sub-acute inhalation toxicity of each chemical and their mixtures were evaluated.