The impact of training intervention on levels of indicator bacteria and prevalence of selected pathogens in raw milk from smallholder women dairy farmers in Central Ethiopia.

Contamination of milk is a serious public health risk, particularly in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Training is a tool for improving the quality and safety of milk. However, its effect on the microbial quality and safety of milk has not been well documented.

Vaccine sero-monitoring and sero-surveillance of Peste des petits ruminants in small ruminants in West Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute or subacute, highly contagious, and economically important, transboundary disease of small ruminants caused by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the seroconversion rate in PPR vaccinated flock of sheep (Sekela district) and the seroprevalence of PPRV in unvaccinated flocks of sheep and goats (Yilmanadensa district).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022 in two selected districts of West Gojjam zone, Ethiopia.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards rabies and associated factors among household heads in Welkait district, Ethiopia.

Background: Rabies is an important worldwide viral zoonotic disease with a high fatality rate and substantial socioeconomic losses. There is limited information about the community's knowledge, attitude and practice towards rabies disease in the study area. Therefore, this study was intended to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and associated factors towards rabies among the community in Welkait district, Northwest Ethiopia.

Comprehensive review of drug resistance in mammalian cancer stem cells: implications for cancer therapy.

Cancer remains a significant global challenge, and despite the numerous strategies developed to advance cancer therapy, an effective cure for metastatic cancer remains elusive. A major hurdle in treatment success is the ability of cancer cells, particularly cancer stem cells (CSCs), to resist therapy. These CSCs possess unique abilities, including self-renewal, differentiation, and repair, which drive tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance.

Ontogeny and function of the intestinal epithelial and innate immune cells during early development of chicks: to explore in ovo immunomodulatory nutrition.

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and innate immune cells in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens play crucial roles in pathogens defense and maintaining gut health. However, their effectiveness influenced with their developmental and functional stages during pre and post hatch periods of chick. During embryonic development, differentiation and migration of these innate immune systems are tightly regulated by diverse cellular and molecular factors.

Fowl Cholera in Chickens: Current Trends in Diagnosis and Phenotypic Drug Resistance in Gondar City, Ethiopia.

Ethiopia, with an estimated chicken population of 17 million, serves as a source of high-quality animal protein, helping to reduce malnutrition, improve nutritional status, and provide food and food products. However, Ethiopia has not fully leveraged the value of chicken production due to various bacterial diseases, with fowl cholera (FC) being the most common. Therefore, the objective of this review is to highlight the current trends in the diagnosis of FC in chickens and asses its phenotypic drug resistance patterns in Gondar City.

Determinants of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Addis Zemen Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the public health issues in some areas of Ethiopia, and over 3.2 million people are at risk with an estimated 4000 new cases occurring each year in the country. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of VL and its associated risk factors in Addis Zemen Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia.

Molecular Mechanisms of Hair Follicle Development.

Hair is an intricate biological structure that originates from hair follicles (HFs), which are complex mini-organs embedded in the skin. Each HF undergoes continuous cycles of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), and rest (telogen), driven by intricate signaling pathways and interactions between epithelial and mesodermal cells. The development of HFs requires the interplay of several key signaling pathways, including Wnt, Shh, Notch, and BMP.

Africanized honeybee venom ( promotes human complement activation split products storm.

Introduction: Complement activation split products are signatures of many immunopathological disorders. Among the laboratory findings observed in these diseases, a reduction in the level of circulating intact complement components can be mentioned, and this change has also been detected in envenomation by multiple Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera) stings. Although envenomation by these animals elicits diverse life-threatening reactions, the capacity of bee venom (AmV) to activate the human complement system remains elusive.

Prevalence of domestic chicken ectoparasites in the east Goejam, Amhara, Ethiopia.

Ectoparasites significantly impact the health and productivity of chickens, both directly and indirectly. From October 2022 to September 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the East Gojam Zone of the Amhara region, North West Ethiopia to identifying the ectoparasite species infesting free-ranged chicken. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was used to assess farmers knowledge and attitudes towards control practices.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine herpesvirus 1 in smallholder dairy farms in two districts of Gondar zones, North-West Ethiopia.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is the infectious agent that causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a disease affecting the reproductive and respiratory systems of cattle. Significant economic losses result from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis because of metritis, abortions, placenta retention, recurrent breeding, animal deaths, and losses from trade restrictions. Reports of the diseases have been made in southern, southwestern and in major cities that kept improved breed of dairy cows in Ethiopia with prevalence ranging from 28.

Pollen contaminated with a triple-action fungicide induced oxidative stress and reduced longevity though with less impact on lifespan in honey bees from well fed colonies.

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a triple-action fungicide on bees and whether improved nutrition can ameliorate eventual negative impacts. In cage tests, newly-emerged bees from well fed and from nutritionally-restricted honey bee colonies were fed for five days with pollen from sunflowers that had been sprayed or not with a commercial fungicide containing bixafen, prothioconazole and trifloxystrobin. Bees from well-fed colonies were significantly larger and consumed more uncontaminated pollen.

Design and Application of an Evaluation Tool to Assess World Organization for Animal Health Competencies for Graduating (Day 1) Veterinarians.

Graduating competent veterinarians with the appropriate knowledge and skills to support and strengthen their country's National Veterinary Services is a key priority for veterinary institutions globally. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) developed a set of Day 1 Competencies that should be expected of every veterinary graduate. Veterinary schools need to be able to assess the coverage of these competencies in their curriculum and determine the level of proficiency of their graduates.

The impact of the herd health interventions in small ruminants in low input production systems in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Diseases have a negative impact on production and profitability of small ruminants. A good herd health program can decrease the number of sick animals and improve herd performance.

Methods: In a longitudinal study, small ruminant herd health interventions such as community-based strategic gastrointestinal (GI) parasite control, prevention and control of major respiratory diseases and capacity development activities were implemented.

Methionine and vitamin E supplementation improve production performance, antioxidant potential, and liver health in aged laying hens.

Sulfur metabolites of methionine (Met) and vitamin E (VE) have antioxidant potential and can maintain liver health in chickens. This study explored the underlying mechanisms of Met sources, the ratio of total sulfur amino acids to lysine (TSAA: Lys), and VE levels on production performances, antioxidant potential, and hepatic oxidation in aged laying hens. Eight hundred and sixty-four, Hy-Line Brown laying hens (70-week age) were divided into 12 treatment groups, each having 6 repeats and 12 birds/each repeat.

Dairy Farmers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Towards Aflatoxin Contamination in Milk and Feeds in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Aflatoxins, primary foodborne mycotoxins, come from and fungi. They pose significant health risks to humans and animals, creating a major challenge in the dairy sector. The objective of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dairy farmers regarding aflatoxin contamination in milk and feeds.

The Effects of Dietary Orange Peel Fragments Enriched with Zinc and Vitamins C and E on the Antioxidant and Immune Responses of Nile Tilapia under Stress Conditions.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary orange peel fragments (OPFs) enriched with vitamins C (C) and E (E), as well as zinc (Zn) on the growth performance, hematological profile, immunological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and fillet lipid peroxidation of Nile tilapia subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen-induced stress (HDOIS), transport-induced stress (TIS), and infection (BC). A group of 500 male Nile tilapia (2.7 ± 0.

Spatial distribution and clustering of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goats of Amhara region, Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional study with a multistage cluster sampling technique was undertaken from January to July 2019 in Amhara region to identify spatial clusters and distributions of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) hotspots. In the study, a total of 2080 goats from 258 flocks across 60 villages in 12 districts were tested for CCPP serostatus using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). Villages were taken as an aggregate unit to detect spatial distribution and clustering.

Molecular Detection of Equine Herpesviruses from Field Outbreaks in Donkeys in Northwest Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

Equine herpesviruses pose a threat to equine health and potentially cause substantial economic losses to the global equine industry. EHV outbreaks have been reported in various parts of Ethiopia and the Amhara region specifically. This study aimed to detect EHVs from suspected outbreak cases in selected districts of the Northwest Amhara region.

Identifications, spatial distribution, and seasonal occurrence of Culicoides in selected districts of Northwest Ethiopia.

Culicoides, among the tiniest and most abundant hematophagous insects globally, serve as vectors for a variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, protozoa, and nematodes. This study aimed to identify Culicoides species and assess their spatial distribution and seasonal occurrence in selected districts of the Central, South, and West Gondar zones, Northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January to July 2023.

Study on knowledge, attitudes and behavioral practices of antimicrobial usage and resistance in animals and humans in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia.

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as one of the foremost global public health challenges. While not a new issue, AMR has gained increasing attention due to the rise of multi-resistant pathogenic organisms, leading to higher mortality rates and significant economic burdens. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Bahir Dar City community regarding human and animal antimicrobial use and AMR, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2023.