Fatty acid oxidation-induced HIF-1α activation facilitates hepatic urate synthesis through upregulating NT5C2 and XDH.

Dyslipidemia affects approximately half of all people with gout, and prior Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal role for elevated triglycerides in hyperuricemia (HU), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that dyslipidemia promotes hepatic urate biosynthesis in HU and gout and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) drives this process. Here we developed a targeted metabolomics to quantify major metabolites in purine metabolic pathway in the sera of a human cohort with HU, gout, and normaluricemic controls.

Role of nasal microbiota in regulating host anti-influenza immunity in dogs.

Background: Numerous studies have confirmed a close relationship between the pathogenicity of influenza and respiratory microbiota, but the mechanistic basis for this is poorly defined. Also, the majority of these studies have been conducted on murine models, and it remains unclear how far these findings can be extrapolated from murine models to other animals. Considering that influenza A virus is increasingly recognized as an important canine respiratory pathogen, this study investigated the cross-talk between nasal and lung tissues mediated by microbes and its association with influenza susceptibility in a beagle dog model.

T-2 Toxin Nephrotoxicity: Toxic Effects, Mechanisms, Mitigations, and Future Perspectives.

T-2 toxin is a highly toxic fungal toxin that threatens humans and animals' health. As a major detoxifying and metabolic organ, the kidney is also a target of T-2 toxin. This article reviews T-2 toxin nephrotoxicity research progress, covering renal structure and function damage, nephrotoxicity mechanisms, and detoxification methods to future research directions.

From circuits to lifespan: translating mouse and human timelines with neuroimaging based tractography.

Animal models are commonly used to investigate developmental processes and disease risk, but humans and model systems (e.g., mice) differ substantially in the pace of development and aging.

The S-Phase Arrest of Host Cells Caused by an Alpha-Herpesvirus Genome Replication Facilitates Viral Recruitment of RNA Polymerase II to Transcribe Viral Genes.

Herpesviruses rely on host RNA polymerae II (RNA Pol II) for their mRNA transcription, yet the mechanisms of which has been poorly defined, while certain herpesviruses can enhance viral gene transcription by altering the RNA Pol II location, modulating its phosphorylation, or directly interacting with RNA Pol II. However, the influence of herpesviruses on RNA Pol II transcription extends beyond these direct effects. Here, we present a novel mechanism by which the host cell cycle regulates viral gene transcription via RNA Pol II during infection by Anatid Herpesvirus 1 (AnHV-1), an avian alpha-herpesvirus.

Emergence of a novel group B streptococcus CC61 clade associated with human infections in southern China.

Objectives: Emerging human pathogens of animal origin have become an increasing public health concern in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the transmission of group B streptococcus (GBS) clonal complex (CC) 61 strains in the southern Chinese population and analyze their genetic characteristics.

Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 693 clinical isolates of GBS collected from southern China between 2016 and 2021, and the prevalence of human CC61 isolates was investigated by genomic epidemiology.

Iron-based driven chitosan quaternary ammonium salt self-gelling powder: Sealing uncontrollable bleeding and promoting wound healing.

Uncontrollable bleeding poses a significant risk of death and cost in wars, vehicle accidents, and first aid. Hence, in order to seal uncontrollable bleeding and promote wound healing, the Fe-driven chitosan quaternary ammonium salt self-gelling powder (QPF) was prepared using 5%QCS/AA/Fe with the 52.72 % ± 0.

Development and therapeutic assessment of bispecific nanobodies targeting B-cell activating factor and interleukin-17 for the neutralization of inflammatory mediators in autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by dysregulated immune responses and chronic inflammation. B cell activating factor (BAFF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) are key mediators in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, driving B cell hyperactivation, autoantibody production, and tissue damage. Simultaneous targeting of these pathways may provide a synergistic therapeutic approach.

Co-infections with Bordetella bronchiseptica in canine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a primary pathogen in canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), or kennel cough, capable of independently causing respiratory illness and contributing significantly to co-infections with other viral and bacterial agents. Despite its critical role in disease transmission and persistence, the epidemiology of B. bronchiseptica in CIRD remains poorly understood.

Discovery of Metabolic Reprogramming 2-Quinolones as Effective Antimicrobials for MRSA-Infected Wound Therapy.

To date, the abuse of antibiotics and a gradual decline in novel antibiotic discovery enlarge the threat of drug-resistant bacterial infections, especially methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Herein, inspired by the unique structures and antibacterial activities of 2-quinolones, a class of novel 2-quinolones with substituted pyridines was synthesized. Notably, compound , the derivative with a methylpyridine fragment, showed potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, especially for MRSA strains (MIC = 0.

A single-cell atlas of the Culex tarsalis midgut during West Nile virus infection.

The mosquito midgut functions as a key interface between pathogen and vector. However, studies of midgut physiology and virus infection dynamics are scarce, and in Culex tarsalis-an extremely efficient vector of West Nile virus (WNV)-nonexistent. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on Cx.

The Japanese encephalitis virus NS1' protein facilitates virus infection in mosquitoes.

Background: The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is known for its capacity to cause severe neurological disease in Asia. Neurotropic flaviviruses within the Japanese encephalitis (JE) serogroup possess the distinctive feature of expressing a unique nonstructural protein, NS1'. The NS1' protein consists of the full NS1 protein with an additional 52 amino acid extension at the C-terminus and has been demonstrated to exhibit virulence in mammalian hosts upon infection.

PRRSV-2 nsp2 Ignites NLRP3 inflammasome through IKKβ-dependent dispersed trans-Golgi network translocation.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a fundamental component of the innate immune system, yet its excessive activation is intricately associated with viral pathogenesis. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2), belonging to the family Arteriviridae, triggers dysregulated cytokine release and interstitial pneumonia, which can quickly escalate to acute respiratory distress and death. However, a mechanistic understanding of PRRSV-2 progression remains unclear.

Metabolomic analysis of murine tissues infected with Brucella melitensis.

Brucella is a gram negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that constitutes a substantial threat to human and animal health. Brucella can replicate in a variety of tissues and can induce immune responses that alter host metabolite availability. Here, mice were infected with B.

Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Pets of Harris County, Texas, Revealed More Common Pet Infections in Households With Human COVID-19 Cases.

Local health departments can play a critical role in zoonoses surveillance at the human-domestic animal interface, especially when existing public health services and close relationships with community groups can be leveraged. Investigators at Harris County Veterinary Public Health employed a community-based surveillance tool for identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in dogs and cats in June--December 2021. Diagnosis was made using both RT-qPCR testing of oral and nasal swabs and plaque reduction neutralization testing of serum samples.

HIV-1 and BLV are insensitive to SERINC5 restriction under the cell-cell infection.

ine orporator 5 (INC5, SER5) suppresses viral cell-free infection. However, its antiviral potency under viral cell-cell infection is not examined yet. Here, we established the cell-cell infection systems to assess SER5's antiviral activity on HIV-1 and bovine leukemia virus (BLV).

Rapid, sensitive, and visible RPA-LFD assay for BoHV-1 and BoHV-5.

Unlabelled: Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) infection poses a significant threat to the healthy development of the cattle industry. BoHV-1 primarily causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, while BoHV-5 is associated with bovine necrotic meningoencephalitis. These two pathogens not only exhibit a high correlation in antigenicity and genetic background but, more importantly, can establish latent infections within the bovine ganglion.

Transcriptomic profiling of dorsal root ganglia in atopic and healthy dogs: A comparative RNA sequencing study with implications in cutaneous itch research.

Background: Itch is a common clinical sign in skin disorders. While the neural pathways of itch transmission from the skin to the brain are well understood in rodents, the same pathways in dogs remain unclear. The knowledge gap hinders the development of effective treatments for canine itch-related disorders.

Nickel(II) complexes with covalently attached quinols rely on ligand-derived redox couples to catalyze superoxide dismutation.

Although nickel is found in the active sites of a class of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nickel complexes with non-peptidic ligands normally do not catalyze superoxide degradation, and none has displayed activity comparable to those of the best manganese-containing SOD mimics. Here, we find that nickel complexes with polydentate quinol-containing ligands can exhibit catalytic activity comparable to those of the most efficient manganese-containing SOD mimics. The nickel complexes retain a significant portion of their activity in phosphate buffer and under operando conditions and rely on ligand-centered redox processes for catalysis.

A subunit vaccine Ag85A-LpqH focusing on humoral immunity provides substantial protection against tuberculosis in mice.

The importance of humoral immunity in combating TB has gained extensive recognition. In this study, a subunit vaccine named Ag85A-LpqH (AL) was prepared by fusing the antigen Ag85A proved to induce robust T cell immune responses, and LpqH was shown to produce protective antibodies. The prevention and BCG prime-boost mouse models were established to test the vaccine efficacy.

A peptide mimic of SOCS1 modulates equine peripheral immune cells and ocular effector functions : implications for recurrent uveitis.

Introduction: Recurrent uveitis (RU), an autoimmune disease, is a leading cause of ocular detriment in humans and horses. Equine and human RU share many similarities including spontaneous disease and aberrant cytokine signaling. Reduced levels of SOCS1, a critical regulator of cytokine signaling, is associated with several autoimmune diseases.

Molecular Epidemiology of Type F Among Diarrheal Patients and Virulence-Resistance Dynamics - 11 Provinces, China, 2024.

Introduction: Type F () represents a significant pathogen in human gastrointestinal diseases, primarily through its gene encoding enterotoxin (CPE). This investigation examined the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and genetic characteristics of Type F within the Chinese population.

Methods: The study analyzed 2,068 stool samples collected from 11 provincial hospitals in 2024.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Waterborne and Foodborne Protozoan Pathogens in Kenya: A One Health Perspective.

Intestinal infections affect approximately 450 million people globally, predominantly impacting children and immunocompromised individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions, poverty, malnutrition, and low literacy. In Kenya, the prevalence of intestinal infections is elevated by warm tropical climates and socioeconomic factors. This scoping review evaluates the national prevalence, risk factors, and contamination sources of intestinal protozoa in Kenya, using a One Health approach to synthesize existing data from various human, animal, and environmental studies.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Infection in Clinical Dogs and Cats - China, 2018-2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: spp., while naturally occurring as commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans, have emerged as significant opportunistic pathogens in healthcare settings.

What Is Added By This Report?: A comprehensive surveillance study revealed enterococci in 14.