Associations Between the Social Determinants of Health and Risk of Interpersonal Violence Among Black Americans in Rural Alabama.

Prior research has linked the social determinants of health, such as food insecurity and housing instability, to experiences of interpersonal violence. However, little is known about how the social determinants of health are related to the risk for interpersonal violence among Black Americans living in rural, high-poverty communities in the Deep South. The intersection of rurality, racialized identity, and economic hardship makes this population particularly vulnerable to interpersonal violence, yet this population is underrepresented in the literature.

Effects of foam roller-based combined exercise on functional fitness, balance, and gait in older women.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a foam roller-based combined exercise program on functional fitness, balance ability, and gait in women aged 65 years and older. Using a 2×2 mixed design, the study compared variables measured before and after a 6-week foam roller-based combined exercise program. A total of 32 old women were randomly assigned to either the foam roller-based exercise group or the control group.

PEGylated Platinum Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study of Their Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.

Pain and inflammation are common symptoms of a majority of the diseases. Chronic pain and inflammation, as well as related dreadful disorders, remain difficult to control due to a lack of safe and effective medications. In this work, biocompatible platinum nanoparticles with significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory action were synthesized through a wet chemical method using polyethylene glycol-400 as a capping agent and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent.

Abundance and Distribution of (Diptera: Psychodidae) Across Various Habitat Types in Endemic Foci of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Mid-Highlands of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

is a vector of , the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study assessed the abundance and distribution of in different habitats and human houses situated at varying distances from hyrax (reservoir host) dwellings, in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Sandflies were collected from January 2020 to December 2021 using CDC light traps, sticky paper traps, and locally made emergence traps.

Exploring prevention and control mechanisms of youth substance use: a case of North Wollo and Waghimra, Northeast Ethiopia.

Background: Substance use among youths is a significant global and local issue. Youth who engage in substance use often experience various psychosocial, health, economic, and other problems. While governmental and non-governmental organizations in North Wollo and Waghimra Zones offer social services, their effectiveness in preventing and controlling substance use remains largely unstudied.

Cross-cultural adaption of the computerized assessment of information processing battery (COGNITO) for an Indian longitudinal study on rural elderly.

Introduction: Testing cognitive functions in Indians with low literacy and linguistic diversity is challenging. We describe the adaptation process of a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery to suit both literate and illiterate aging rural Indians.

Methods: Following the International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation, we adapted the COGNITO battery.

Do targeted intergovernmental fiscal transfers improve health outcomes? Evidence from Kenyan decentralization using the difference-in-differences technique.

Background: As envisioned by the 2010 Constitution, Kenya implemented a devolved system of government in March 2013, setting up 47 counties and a corresponding number of local governments. These counties differed in their levels of development. While counties such as Nairobi and Kiambu led in social and economic indicators, others such as Turkana, Mandera and Wajir were at the bottom of the list.

Coming to terms with climate change: a glossary for climate change impacts on mental health and well-being.

Climate change is a major threat to global health. Its effects on physical health are increasingly recognised, but mental health impacts have received less attention. The mental health effects of climate change can be direct (resulting from personal exposure to acute and chronic climatic changes), indirect (via the impact on various socioeconomic, political and environmental determinants of mental health) and overarching (via knowledge, education and awareness of climate change).

Forbidden, yet common: Female genital cutting among the Oromo in central Ethiopia.

This article answers the question 'why female genital cutting (FGC) has remained common among the Oromo in central Ethiopia when it is legally forbidden.' Primary data for this article were generated through key informant interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data were gathered from online and archives in the research site. Our findings indicate that the government tries to use legislative and health approaches in its efforts to terminate FGC.

Econometric analysis of consumers' preference heterogeneity for yoghurt and ice cream products in Tanzania: A latent class model and mixed logit model.

In Tanzania, a growing upper and middle classes, particularly among urbanites, exhibit distinct preferences for higher-quality processed foods, including dairy products. This study examines variations in consumer preferences and their willingness to pay for yogurt and ice cream, which serve as stand-ins for processed milk products. The analysis is based on a discrete choice experiment involving 400 participants in Dar es Salaam.

Investigating the geography of thought across 11 countries: Cross-cultural differences in analytic and holistic cognitive styles using simple perceptual tasks and reaction time modeling.

This article investigates cross-cultural differences in analytic/holistic cognitive styles among participants from 11 countries: Armenia, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czechia, Germany, Ghana, Philippines, Slovakia, Taiwan, and Türkiye. Using a preregistered design, 993 university students were assessed with three perceptual tasks based on Navon's hierarchical figures and Gottschaldt's embedded figures. Analytic and holistic cognitive styles were estimated using reaction time modeling, specifically a Bayesian four-parameter shifted Wald distribution and a hierarchical linear ballistic accumulator model.

A comparison of scoring algorithms for the NIH Toolbox executive function tasks in a U.S. norming sample.

Executive function (EF) has been extensively linked to various behavioral, clinical, and educational outcomes. There have been, however, few systematic investigations into how best to score EF tasks using speed and accuracy performance, particularly how to generate a summary and norm-referenced score. Using data from an updated norming study for the NIH Toolbox Version 3 (NIHTB V3) with the general U.

Sustained release of nano-encapsulated glimepiride drug with chitosan nanoparticles: A novel approach to control type 2 diabetes in streptozotocin-induced Wistar albino rats.

The objective of the present study was to encapsulate the effective antidiabetic glimepiride (GLM) drug with biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) in order to reduce the risk of side effects, regulate and improve alternatives to therapy for people with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The characterizations of the encapsulated EGLM-CS NPs were published in a previous paper. In continuation of the past study, here we report the in vitro and in vivo activities of EGLM-CS NPs in streptozotocin-induced diabetes Wistar albino rats orally treated for 28 days.

Extent and Nature of Television Food and Nonalcoholic Beverage Marketing in 9 Asian Countries: Cross-Sectional Study Using a Harmonized Approach.

Background: Rising childhood obesity rates in Asia are adding risk for the future adult burden of obesity and noncommunicable diseases. Weak policies across most Asian countries enable unrestricted marketing of obesogenic foods and beverages to children. Television is the common medium for food marketing to reach this audience.

Mpox as an emerging health threat for survivors of sex trafficking.

The resurgence of mpox, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization in 2024, highlights gaps in global preparedness, particularly for marginalised populations. While much of the focus has been on men who have sex with men, survivors of sex trafficking remain overlooked, despite being highly vulnerable to mpox transmission. These individuals face significant health disparities, including limited access to healthcare, exposure to violence and forced sexual encounters in unsafe conditions, which amplify their risk of infection.

The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing healthcare for people with disabilities.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare delivery represents a transformative opportunity to enhance the lives of people living with disabilities. AI-driven technologies, such as assistive devices, conversational agents, and rehabilitation tools, can mitigate health disparities, improve diagnostic accuracy, and facilitate effective communication with healthcare providers, fostering more equitable healthcare environments. This commentary explores these applications while addressing the ethical challenges and limitations associated with AI deployment.

The life course effects of socioeconomic status on later life loneliness: The role of gender and ethnicity.

Precursors of loneliness include individual risk factors and experiences of social exclusion. Using the New Zealand Health Work and Retirement Life Course History Study, we investigated the impact of unequal access to material resources across the life course (from age 10 to present) on late life emotional and social loneliness and the moderating effects of gender and Māori ethnicity (indigenous population of Aotearoa/New Zealand) in 613 adults aged 65 to 81 years. Childhood and adult life socioeconomic status (SES) negatively predicted late life emotional and social loneliness, but their effects disappeared after controlling for late life SES, suggesting a mediation effect.

Effect of Various Thermal Processing Methods on the Sensory, Textural, and Physicochemical Characteristics of Foal Meat.

Previous research on the impact of various heat treatment methods on meat has primarily focused on conventional meats from common livestock animals, with limited studies on the effects of different heat treatments on foal meat. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different heat treatments, including sous-vide, affect the sensory, textural, and physicochemical characteristics of foal meat. This allowed for the identification of the most effective heat treatment method to preserve the optimal quality attributes of foal meat while enhancing sensory and textural qualities preferred by consumers.

Participation in Tobacco Cessation Programs Among Medicaid Managed Care Enrollees in Florida.

: Tobacco use remains a significant public health issue, particularly among individuals with low incomes, including Medicaid recipients who often face multiple barriers to quitting. This study aimed to identify barriers, from the perspective of Medicaid managed care organizations (MCOs), influencing Medicaid recipient participation in tobacco cessation programs. : Focus group interviews were conducted with Florida Medicaid MCOs to elicit processes for case identification, outreach, referral, program participation, and incentives.