International Interobserver Variability of Breast Density Assessment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine variability in visually assessed mammographic breast density categorization among radiologists practicing in Indonesia, the Netherlands, South Africa, and the United States.

Methods: Two hundred consecutive 2-D full-field digital screening mammograms obtained from September to December 2017 were selected and retrospectively reviewed from four global locations, for a total of 800 mammograms. Three breast radiologists in each location (team) provided consensus density assessments of all 800 mammograms using BI-RADS® density categorization.

Association of Radiotherapy Duration With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Esophageal Cancer Treated in NRG Oncology Trials: A Secondary Analysis of NRG Oncology Randomized Clinical Trials.

Importance: For many types of epithelial malignant neoplasms that are treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT), treatment prolongation and interruptions have an adverse effect on outcomes.

Objective: To analyze the association between RT duration and outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer who were treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study was an unplanned, post hoc secondary analysis of 3 prospective, multi-institutional phase 3 randomized clinical trials (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] 8501, RTOG 9405, and RTOG 0436) of the National Cancer Institute-sponsored NRG Oncology (formerly the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, RTOG, and Gynecologic Oncology Group).

Stereotactic Radiosurgery vs Conventional Radiotherapy for Localized Vertebral Metastases of the Spine: Phase 3 Results of NRG Oncology/RTOG 0631 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Spine metastasis can be treated with high-dose radiation therapy with advanced delivery technology for long-term tumor and pain control.

Objective: To assess whether patient-reported pain relief was improved with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as compared with conventional external beam radiotherapy (cEBRT) for patients with 1 to 3 sites of vertebral metastases.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this randomized clinical trial, patients with 1 to 3 vertebral metastases were randomized 2:1 to the SRS or cEBRT groups.

Test-retest repeatability of ADC in prostate using the multi b-Value VERDICT acquisition.

Purpose: VERDICT (Vascular, Extracellular, Restricted Diffusion for Cytometry in Tumours) MRI is a multi b-value, variable diffusion time DWI sequence that allows generation of ADC maps from different b-value and diffusion time combinations. The aim was to assess precision of prostate ADC measurements from varying b-value combinations using VERDICT and determine which protocol provides the most repeatable ADC.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one men (median age: 67.

Results of an American College of Radiology-Society of Interventional Radiology Membership Survey on Exclusive Contracts and the Attitudes of Interventional Radiologists.

Purpose: To assess the attitudes of interventional radiologists (IRs) and diagnostic radiologists (DRs) toward exclusive contracts and independently practicing IRs who may request privileges at a hospital where an exclusive contract exists with a different group of radiologists.

Materials And Methods: A total of 22,400 survey instruments were distributed to 4,490 IRs and 17,910 DRs in the United States. Statistical evaluation included multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis with calculation of the odds ratios and forest plots.

Comparison of Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility and Use between Commercial, Medicare, and Medicare Advantage Enrollees.

Objective: Lung cancer screening does not require patient cost-sharing for insured people in the U.S. Little is known about whether other factors associated with patient selection into different insurance plans affect screening rates.

Pathologic Complete Response and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Localized Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy or Radiotherapy: The NRG/RTOG 9514 and 0630 Nonrandomized Clinical Trials.

Importance: Pathologic complete response (pCR) may be associated with prognosis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS).

Objective: We sought to determine the prognostic significance of pCR on survival outcomes in STS for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] 9514) or preoperative image-guided radiotherapy alone (RT, RTOG 0630) and provide a long-term update of RTOG 0630.

Design, Setting, And Participants: RTOG has completed 2 multi-institutional, nonrandomized phase 2 clinical trials for patients with localized STS.

Practice Resources to Address Radiologist Burnout.

This special focus issue article provides a large number of contemporary and seminal resources developed to improve well-being and discusses specific challenges and proposed strategies to mitigate burnout through the Veterans Health Administration, a large private academic practice, and academic medical centers.

Overcoming Burnout and Promoting Wellness in Radiation Oncology: A Report From the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology.

Burnout, defined by the presence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased sense of personal accomplishment, impacts a significant portion of radiation oncologists. This has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, is notably worse for women, and has been identified as an international concern. Key contributors to burnout within radiation oncology include inadequate clinical and administrative support, imbalanced personal and professional lives including time with family and for self-care, decreased job satisfaction secondary to increased electronic medical record and decreased patient time, unsupportive organizational culture, lack of transparency from leadership and inclusion in administrative decisions, emotionally intensive patient interactions, challenges within the radiation oncology workforce, financial security related to productivity-based compensation and increasing medical training-related debt, limited education on wellness, and fear of seeking mental health services due to stigma and potential negative impacts on the trajectory of one's career.

Building Effective Teams in the Real World From Traps to Triumph.

Quality patient care and advancements in medical education, investigation, and innovation require effective teamwork. High-functioning teams navigate stressful environments, learning openly from failures and leveraging successes to fuel future initiatives. The authors review foundational concepts for implementing and sustaining successful teams, including emotional intelligence, trust, inclusivity, clear communication, and accountability.

The ACR Learning Network: Facilitating Local Performance Improvement Through Shared Learning.

Purpose: The ACR Learning Network was established to test the viability of the learning network model in radiology. In this report, the authors review the learning network concept, introduce the ACR Learning Network and its components, and report progress to date and plans for the future.

Methods: Patterned after institutional programs developed by the principal investigator, the ACR Learning Network was composed of four distinct improvement collaboratives.

Addressing the Challenges of Implementing Artificial Intelligence Tools in Clinical Practice: Principles From Experience.

The multitude of artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions, vendors, and platforms poses a challenging proposition to an already complex clinical radiology practice. Apart from assessing and ensuring acceptable local performance and workflow fit to improve imaging services, AI tools require multiple stakeholders, including clinical, technical, and financial, who collaborate to move potential deployable applications to full clinical deployment in a structured and efficient manner. Postdeployment monitoring and surveillance of such tools require an infrastructure that ensures proper and safe use.

Leadership: Causing and Curing Burnout in Radiology.

Burnout in US radiology has reached crisis proportions. Leaders play critical roles in both causing and preventing burnout. This article will review the current state of the crisis and how leaders can work to stop causing burnout as well as developing proactive strategies for preventing and mitigating burnout.

EEG-based major depressive disorder recognition by selecting discriminative features via stochastic search.

. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder whose diagnosis relies on experienced psychiatrists, resulting in a low diagnosis rate. As a typical physiological signal, electroencephalography (EEG) has indicated a strong association with human beings' mental activities and can be served as an objective biomarker for diagnosing MDD.

Outcomes From More Than 1 Million People Screened for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose CT Imaging.

Background: Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) imaging was recommended in 2013, making approximately 8 million Americans eligible for LCS. The demographic characteristics and outcomes of individuals screened in the United States have not been reported at the population level.

Research Question: What are the outcomes among people screened and entered in the American College of Radiology's Lung Cancer Screening Registry compared with those of trial participants?

Study Design And Methods: This was a cohort study of individuals undergoing baseline LDCT imaging for LCS between 2015 and 2019.

Radiotherapy and paclitaxel plus pazopanib or placebo in anaplastic thyroid cancer (NRG/RTOG 0912): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 2 trial.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare and aggressive cancer with no standard radiotherapy-based local treatment. Based on data suggesting synergy between pazopanib and paclitaxel in anaplastic thyroid cancer, NRG Oncology did a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase 2 clinical trial comparing concurrent paclitaxel and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with the addition of pazopanib or placebo with the aim of improving overall survival in this patient population.

Methods: Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with a pathological diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer, any TNM stage, Zubrod performance status of 0-2, no recent haemoptysis or bleeding, and no brain metastases.