The preponderance of opioid overdoses among middle-aged individuals in the US: Analysis of 911 dispatch data - Q1 2018 to Q3 2023.

Background: Opioid overdoses have increased at a concerning rate in recent years. Middle-aged individuals have been reported as an age group of high concern for opioid overdoses. The purpose of this study was to assess trends in opioid overdose 911 dispatches between Q1 2018 and Q3 2023 among different age groups.

Development and implementation of learning collaboratives for infection prevention and control education in long-term care facilities.

Infections in long-term care facilities pose a critical challenge, with 1 to 3 million serious infections annually and up to 380,000 associated deaths. The vulnerability of aging populations and inadequate infection prevention and control programs underscore the need for intervention. This initiative provided tailored continuing education through 8 virtual learning collaboratives serving 541 infection preventionists.

Reasons for not seeking alcohol treatment among a sample of Florida adults with HIV who perceived the need for treatment.

Background: A minority of people who need alcohol treatment receive it. Unhealthy alcohol use is common among people with HIV (PWH) and can lead to negative health outcomes. The aims of this multi-methods study are to (1) quantitatively describe the prevalence, psychosocial characteristics, and demographic traits of a sample of PWH currently receiving HIV care in Florida who had a self-reported need for alcohol treatment but did not seek care and (2) qualitatively explore reasons why PWH did not seek treatment.

Myofiber-specific FoxP1 knockout protects against pancreatic cancer-induced muscle wasting in male but not female mice.

Cancer cachexia affects up to 80% of cancer patients and results in reduced quality of life and survival. We previously demonstrated that the transcriptional repressor Forkhead box P1 (FoxP1) is upregulated in skeletal muscle of cachectic mice and people with cancer, and when overexpressed in skeletal muscle is sufficient to induce pathological features characteristic of cachexia. However, the role of myofiber-derived FoxP1 in both normal muscle physiology and cancer-induced muscle wasting remains largely unexplored.

A physiologically based toxicokinetic model for microplastics and nanoplastics in mice after oral exposure and its implications for human dietary exposure assessment.

Evidence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in foods and daily-use products, along with their frequent detection in the human body, has raised concerns regarding their potential impact on human health through dietary ingestion. However, there is a lack of quantitative tools to simulate their bioaccumulation and tissue distribution following environmental exposure. To address this gap, we developed the first physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for predicting the biodistribution of MPs and NPs in mice following oral exposure under various exposure scenarios.

Identifying Potential Factors Associated With Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Machine Learning on Real-World Data.

Background: Racial disparities in COVID-19 incidence and outcomes have been widely reported. Non-Hispanic Black patients endured worse outcomes disproportionately compared with non-Hispanic White patients, but the epidemiological basis for these observations was complex and multifaceted.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the potential reasons behind the worse outcomes of COVID-19 experienced by non-Hispanic Black patients compared with non-Hispanic White patients and how these variables interact using an explainable machine learning approach.

Improving Nutrition Security in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and the Role of Animal-Source Foods.

Nutrition security is challenging in regions where resources are limited and food production is naturally constrained. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), undernutrition is high for many reasons, including lack of nutritional diversity and low high-quality protein content. Interest in the role of animal-source food (ASF) in reducing nutrition insecurity is increasing, as evidence from LMICs suggests that consumption of ASF is strongly associated with reduction in stunting, improved diet quality, and overall nutrition, particularly in early stages of life.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of metal nanoparticles for risk assessment of inhalation exposures: a state-of-the-science expert panel review.

A critical review of the current state-of-the-science for the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of metal nanoparticles and their application to human health risk assessment for inhalation exposures was conducted. A systematic literature search was used to identify four model groups (defined as a primary publication along with multiple supplementary publications) subject to review. Using a recent guideline document from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for PBPK model evaluation, these model groups were critically peer-reviewed by an independent panel of experts to identify those to be considered for modeling and simulation application.

Allostatic load and cognitive recall among young adults: Racial, ethnic, and sex-specific variations.

Introduction: While factors such as age and education have been associated with persistent differences in functional cognitive decline, they do not fully explain observed variations particularly those between different racial/ethnic and sex groups. The aim of this study was to explore the association between allostatic load (AL) and cognition in a racially diverse cohort of young adults.

Methods: Utilizing Wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health - a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of adults aged 34-44, this study utilized primary data from 10 immune, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers to derive an AL Index.

Residue depletion profiles and withdrawal intervals of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in plasma and milk of lactating goats after repeated subcutaneous administrations.

Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum and bacteriostatic antibiotic with a time-dependent killing action. It is commonly used to treat respiratory diseases in goats in an extra-label manner. This study aimed to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics and milk residue depletion profiles and calculate the milk withdrawal interval (WDI) of florfenicol and its main metabolite florfenicol amine in lactating goats.

Toxicity Risks Associated With the Beta-Blocker Metoprolol in Marine and Freshwater Organisms: A Review.

The detection of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems has generated concern for wildlife and human health over the past several decades. β-adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs designed to treat cardiovascular diseases and high blood pressure. Metoprolol is a second-generation β1-adrenergic receptor inhibitor detected in effluent derived from sewage treatment plants.

Associations Between Reductions in Depressive Symptoms and Reductions in Pain and Anxiety Symptoms and Substance Use: Emulation of a Randomized Trial.

Introduction: Depressive symptoms are linked with pain, anxiety, and substance use. Research estimating whether a reduction in depressive symptoms is linked to subsequent reductions in pain and anxiety symptoms and substance use is limited.

Methods: Using data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, a multisite observational study of U.

Acceptability, usage, and efficacy of mindfulness apps for college student mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Background: Preventing anxiety and depression among college students is a pressing public health need. Recent meta-analyses have examined mobile mindfulness interventions in adult populations; however, college students are in a unique developmental stage and institutional setting.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies in English language on the acceptability, usage, and efficacy of mindfulness training apps on mental health among non-clinical samples of college students.

A proposed method for identifying Interfacility transfers in Medicare claims data.

Objective: To develop a method of consistently identifying interfacility transfers (IFTs) in Medicare Claims using patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) as an example.

Data Sources/study Setting: 100% Medicare inpatient and outpatient Standard Analytic Files and 5% Carrier Files, 2011-2020.

Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional comparison of patient characteristics between proposed and existing methods.

Cross sectional analysis of an addiction consultation service, substance co-use patterns, and receipt of medications for opioid use disorder during hospitalization.

Introduction: Despite effective medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), treatment engagement remains low. As the overdose crisis is increasingly characterized by opioids co-used with other substances, it is important to understand whether existing models effectively support treatment for patients who use multiple substances. Hospital-based addiction consultation services (ACS) have shown promise at increasing MOUD initiation and treatment engagement, but the effectiveness for patients with specific co-use patterns remains unknown.

Anxiety and depression among individuals with long COVID: Associations with social vulnerabilities.

Background: We examined the association between symptoms of anxiety and depression among individuals with long COVID and five social vulnerabilities (expenses, employment, food insufficiency, housing, and insurance).

Methods: Data from the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey (HPS) detailing COVID incidence, duration, and symptoms between June 1st and November 14th, 2022 contained versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) questionnaires. Associations between anxiety, depression, and the five social vulnerabilities among respondents from different racial and ethnic groups experiencing long COVID were evaluated using generalized binomial logistic regression.

Outcomes for patients with perineal and perianal rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee.

Purpose: To describe clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with perineal and perianal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Methods: The records of 51 patients (38 perineal and 13 perianal) enrolled on Children's Oncology Group clinical trials between 1997 and 2012 were reviewed.

Results: At presentation, 53% were female, 65% were older than 10 years of age, 76% were alveolar histology, 76% were more than 5 cm, 84% were invasive, 65% were regional node positive by imaging, 49% were metastatic, only 16% were grossly resected upfront, and 25% of patients had a delayed excision.

Multilevel Determinants of Long COVID and Potential for Telehealth Intervention.

Background: Post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, or long COVID, has a variety of symptoms, but little is known about the condition. This study evaluated the association between individual factors, social determinants of health, and the likelihood of long COVID by assessing internet usage as an indicator of viable access to telehealth.

Methods: Data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey identified adults who (1) reported a previous COVID-19-positive test and/or diagnosis and (2) experienced long COVID.