The Spatial Organization of Ascending Auditory Pathway Microstructural Maturation From Infancy Through Adolescence Using a Novel Fiber Tracking Approach.

Auditory perception is established through experience-dependent stimuli exposure during sensitive developmental periods; however, little is known regarding the structural development of the central auditory pathway in humans. The present study characterized the regional developmental trajectories of the ascending auditory pathway from the brainstem to the auditory cortex from infancy through adolescence using a novel diffusion MRI-based tractography approach and along-tract analyses. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to quantify the magnitude and timing of auditory pathway microstructural maturation.

Effect of egg consumption on early childhood development: Evidence from study.

Objective: Recent studies have shown that inclusion of eggs in young children's diet can help meet nutritional requirements associated with cognitive development. This study aims to investigate the effect of egg consumption on Early Childhood Development (ECD) using Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3(ASQ-3) in Burkina Faso.

Design: The study presented here uses data collected during a follow-up of the -a 3 arm clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT), conducted roughly four months after the end of the RCT.

Reproductive factors and expression of stem cell markers in women with incident benign breast disease.

Reproductive factors are well-established risk factors for breast cancer. The prevailing hypothesis suggested that stem cell changes may be the key underlying mechanisms, but epidemiological evidence has been notably scarce. Herein we examined the relationship between reproductive risk factors and the expression of well-established stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in benign breast biopsy non-cancerous samples.

A One Health Investigation into H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Epizootics on Two Dairy Farms.

Background: In early April 2024 we studied two Texas dairy farms which had suffered incursions of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) the previous month.

Methods: We employed molecular assays, cell and egg culture, Sanger and next generation sequencing to isolate and characterize viruses from multiple farm specimens (cow nasal swab, milk specimens, fecal slurry, and a dead bird).

Results: We detected H5N1 HPAIV in 64% (9/14) of milk specimens, 2.

Predictors of Retention in the 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) Over Two Waves.

Attrition is a significant methodological concern in longitudinal studies. Sample loss can limit generalizability and compromise internal validity. Wave one ( = 346) and wave two follow-ups ( = 196) of the 1Florida ADRC clinical core were examined using a 24-month visit window.

Inhibition of CD226 co-stimulation suppresses diabetes development in the NOD mouse by augmenting regulatory T cells and diminishing effector T cell function.

Aims/hypothesis: Immunotherapeutics targeting T cells are crucial for inhibiting autoimmune disease progression proximal to disease onset in type 1 diabetes. There is an outstanding need to augment the durability and effectiveness of T cell targeting therapies by directly restraining proinflammatory T cell subsets, while simultaneously augmenting regulatory T cell (Treg) activity. Here, we present a novel strategy for preventing diabetes incidence in the NOD mouse model using a blocking monoclonal antibody targeting the type 1 diabetes risk-associated T cell co-stimulatory receptor, CD226.

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation with cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older adults: a secondary analysis from the ACT trial.

Cognitive aging has become a public health concern as the mean age of the population is ever-increasing. It is a naturalistic and common process of degenerative and compensatory changes that may result in neurocognitive disorders. While heterogeneous, cognitive aging mostly affects executive functions that may be associated with functional losses during activities of daily living.

Policy instruments for the governance of the social drivers of health data in clinical and research settings: a policy mapping brief.

This paper maps policy instrument use for the social drivers of health (SDoH) data governance in clinical and research settings. In the United States, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) advocate for standardized data capture. Yet, challenges persist, including limited adoption of CMS-issued SDoH risk codes and gaps in reporting SDoH in clinical trial literature.

A Scoping Review of Observational Research on Cannabis Use for Symptom Management in HIV and Cancer: Implications for Cannabis Nursing.

Background: People with HIV have a higher risk of developing non-AIDS-defining cancers in older age, leading to a significant population living with two conditions, HIV and cancer. There is an increasing interest in cannabis use for symptom management in people with chronic conditions; in 2023, the American Nurses Association officially recognised cannabis nursing as a specialty nursing practice focusing on the care of individuals seeking education/guidance in the therapeutic use of cannabis, supporting the urgency of its research. However, the scientific literature lacks a synthesised review in the focused populations.

Work of Breathing for Aviators: A Missing Link in Human Performance.

In this study, we explore the work of breathing (WoB) experienced by aviators during the Anti-G Straining Maneuver (AGSM) to improve pilot safety and performance. Traditional airflow models of WoB fail to adequately distinguish between breathing rate and inspiratory frequency, leading to potentially inaccurate assessments. This mismatch can have serious implications, particularly in critical flight situations where understanding the true respiratory workload is essential for maintaining performance.

Examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among staff and consumers at Florida centers for independent living.

Background: People with disabilities (PWD) face health disparities due to barriers that limit their access to essential healthcare services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, health disparities among PWD increased as stay-at-home mandates and other safety measures interrupted access to healthcare and social services. Community-based and consumer-driven Centers for Independent Living (CILs) attempt to reduce disparities faced by PWD by providing information and referrals, peer counseling, and advocacy.

Adaptation, calibration, and validation of a cognitive assessment battery for telephone and video administration.

Background: Events such as global pandemics can force rapid adoption of new modes of assessment. We describe the evaluation of a modified neuropsychological assessment for web and telephone administration.

Methods: Telephone and video conferencing-based neuropsychological assessment procedures were developed and implemented within an ongoing observational study, the Successful Aging following Elective Surgery II (SAGES) study (N = 420 persons).

Recommendations for the Design and Implementation of Alcohol Pharmacotherapy Trials: Perspectives of Women With HIV Participating in the WHAT-IF Study.

Objectives: Naltrexone for alcohol reduction has been poorly studied in women with HIV (WWH), for whom heavy alcohol use is associated with negative HIV outcomes. This study offers recommendations for researchers conducting alcohol pharmacotherapy trials among PWH as suggested by WWH who participated in an alcohol pharmacotherapy trial in Florida.

Methods: The WHAT-IF? Study enrolled WWH with a history of heavy alcohol use in Miami, Florida, into a clinical trial where participants were randomized to receive naltrexone or placebo to assess effectiveness among WWH.

Rethinking how mobile units can catalyze progress on lung cancer screening: a scoping review of what we have learned.

Background: Despite United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations, low uptake of lung cancer screening (LCS) highlights the need for measures to promote adoption. This scoping review aims to outline the global landscape of mobile low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) platforms, summarizing research and evaluating efficacy in screening at-risk populations.

Methods: We comprehensively searched Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 2017 and 2023.

Differential Impacts of Anticipated Success on Employment Outcomes Among Adults Who Stutter.

Purpose: Stuttering is associated with disparities in labor market outcomes among young adults, but little is known about how labor market outcomes associated with stuttering change over time. Therefore, this study characterized longitudinal associations between stuttering and early life expectations, job satisfaction, receipt of employer-provided insurance benefits, and income.

Method: The analysis used data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, which contained 16,653 individuals aged 18-43 years interviewed over 18 years.

Role of myofiber-specific FoxP1 in pancreatic cancer-induced muscle wasting.

Cancer cachexia affects up to 80% of patients with cancer and results in reduced quality of life and survival. We previously demonstrated that the transcriptional repressor Forkhead box P1 (FoxP1) is upregulated in the skeletal muscle of cachectic mice and people with cancer, and when overexpressed in skeletal muscle, it is sufficient to induce pathological features characteristic of cachexia. However, the role of myofiber-derived FoxP1 in both normal muscle physiology and cancer-induced muscle wasting remains largely unexplored.

The neurocognitive correlates of DTI indicators of white matter disorganization in pediatric moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: Neuroimaging has expanded our understanding of pediatric brain disorders in which white matter organization and connectivity are crucial to functioning. Paralleling the known pathobiology of many neurodevelopmental disorders, traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood can alter trajectories of brain development. Specifically, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in TBI have demonstrated white matter (WM) abnormalities that suggest microstructural disruptions that may underlie atypical neurodevelopment.