Characterization of senescence-associated transcripts in the human placenta.

Introduction: Fusion of mononucleated cytotrophoblasts into syncytium leads to trophoblast senescence. Yet, premature senescence is associated with preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and related obstetrical syndromes. A set of 28 transcripts that comprise senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) was recently described in placentas from women with preeclampsia.

Urinary Fluoride Levels Among Youth in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016: Potential Differences According to Race.

Background/objectives: Urinary fluoride (UF) is the most well-established biomarker for fluoride exposure, and understanding its distribution can inform risk assessment for potential adverse systemic health effects. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report distributions of UF among youth according to sociodemographic factors in a nationally representative United States (US) sample.

Methods: The study included 1191 children aged 6-11 years and 1217 adolescents aged 12-19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016.

Quantitative analysis of Δ- and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites and isomers: a rapid assay in urine by LC-MS/MS.

An increasing number of cannabis-related products have become available and entered the market, particularly those containing cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC). Analytical methods for cannabinoids in urine have been described extensively in the literature. However, methods providing good resolution for distinguishing interferences from THC positional isomers are needed.

What Matters Most for Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy? A Best-Worst Scaling Discrete Choice Experiment.

Introduction: Florida remains a high-incidence, high-prevalence setting for HIV. Long-acting (LA) antiretroviral therapies (ART) could improve HIV-related outcomes and reduce transmission. This study identifies preferred LA ART characteristics and classes of preference among people with HIV (PWH) in Florida.

How Weight Bias and Stigma Undermine Healthcare Access and Utilization.

Purpose Of Review: To highlight recent evidence of the impact of weight bias and stigma on healthcare access and utilization.

Recent Findings: Healthcare access for patients with obesity is limited by weight-discriminatory policies such as body mass index cutoffs and weight loss requirements. These policies are based on flawed justifications without demonstrated medical benefits.

Associations between Driving Cessation and Mental Health among Rural and Urban Older Adults.

Driving cessation is robustly associated with poor mental health outcomes among older adults; however, the magnitude of this relationship may differ by rurality. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between driving cessation and life satisfaction and depressive symptoms and assessed whether these relationships were moderated by rurality. Data is from participants in the 2014 and 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (mean age = 73; 58% female) with information on either depressive symptoms (n=5,650) or life satisfaction (n=1,931).

Discovery of PRMT5 N-Terminal TIM Barrel Ligands from Machine-Learning-Based Virtual Screening.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which symmetrically dimethylates cytosolic and nuclear proteins, has been demonstrated as an important cancer therapeutic target. In recent years, many advanced achievements in PRMT5 inhibitor development have been made. Most PRMT5 inhibitors in the clinical trial focus on targeting the C-terminal catalytic domain, whereas developing small molecules to interrupt the PRMT5/pICLn (methylosome subunit) protein-protein interface is also of great importance for inhibiting PRMT5.

Genotyped cluster investigations versus standard contact tracing: comparative impact on latent tuberculosis infection cascade of care in a low-incidence region.

Background: Cluster and contact investigations aim to identify and treat individuals with tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). Although genotyped cluster investigations may be superior to contact investigations in generating additional epidemiological links, this may not necessarily translate into reducing infections. Here, we investigated the impact of genotyped cluster investigations compared to standard contact investigations on the LTBI care cascade in a low incidence setting.

Toward a Computable Phenotype for Determining Eligibility of Lung Cancer Screening Using Electronic Health Records.

Purpose: Lung cancer screening (LCS) has the potential to reduce mortality and detect lung cancer at its early stages, but the high false-positive rate associated with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for LCS acts as a barrier to its widespread adoption. This study aims to develop computable phenotype (CP) algorithms on the basis of electronic health records (EHRs) to identify individual's eligibility for LCS, thereby enhancing LCS utilization in real-world settings.

Materials And Methods: The study cohort included 5,778 individuals who underwent LDCT for LCS from 2012 to 2022, as recorded in the University of Florida Health Integrated Data Repository.

Applying the ADAPT guidance to implement a telemedicine and medication delivery service in a malaria-endemic setting: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The ADAPT guidance proposes a process model for adapting evidence-informed interventions to novel contexts. Herein, we leveraged this guidance to adapt a paediatric nighttime telemedicine and medication delivery service from Haiti, a setting with low malaria prevalence, to Ghana, where malaria is a leading cause of paediatric mortality.

Methods: Core components of the intervention were defined and conserved.

Interaction of breast cancer-relevant DNA repair genes and air pollution in relation to breast cancer risk in UK biobank.

We investigated if selected polymorphisms in DNA repair genes modify the association between exposure to particulate matter ≤ 10 micron in diameter (PM) and breast cancer (BCa) risk. We included 150,929 postmenopausal women (5,969 with BCa) from UK Biobank, a population-based prospective cohort. Cancer diagnoses were ascertained through the linkage to the UK National Health Service Central Registers.

Historical Redlining and Community-Reported Housing Quality: A Spatial Analysis.

Historical redlining, a racially discriminatory practice implemented by the US government in the 1930s, has been associated with present-day environmental outcomes. However, there is limited research examining the relationship between historical redlining and contemporary housing quality. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between historical redlining and contemporary housing quality in Atlanta, Georgia.

Low Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Farmed and Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer in Florida.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in multiple animal species, including white-tailed deer (WTD), raising concerns about zoonotic transmission, particularly in environments with frequent human interactions. To understand how human exposure influences SARS-CoV-2 infection in WTD, we compared infection and exposure prevalence between farmed and free-ranging deer populations in Florida. We also examined the timing and viral variants in WTD relative to those in Florida's human population.

First Report of Influenza D Virus in Dairy Cattle in Pakistan.

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly emerged zoonotic virus increasingly reported worldwide. Cattle are considered the main reservoir of IDV, although it was first isolated from pigs. IDV infects multiple animal species and contributes to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC).

Disparities in Utilization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Among Older Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A SEER-Medicare Analysis.

Purpose: In the United States, there are disparities in access to care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the basis of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors. This study investigates the association between race/ethnicity and the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy among older patients with advanced NSCLC (aNSCLC).

Methods: This retrospective study used data from the SEER-Medicare-linked database.

Geospatial Analysis of Multilevel Socioenvironmental Factors Impacting the Campylobacter Burden among Infants in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A One Health Perspective.

Increasing attention has focused on health outcomes of Campylobacter infections among children younger than 5 years in low-resource settings. Recent evidence suggests that colonization by Campylobacter species contributes to environmental enteric dysfunction, malnutrition, and growth faltering in young children. Campylobacter species are zoonotic, and factors from humans, animals, and the environment are involved in transmission.

Prevailing theories describing sports-related concussion symptom reporting intent and behavior among adolescent athletes: a scoping review.

Diagnosis of sports-related concussion (SRC) primarily relies on an athlete's self-report of injury and associated symptoms. Social pressures and attitudes surrounding SRC influence athlete reporting behavior. Unfortunately, underreporting of SRC symptoms is an issue among adolescent athletes.

Assessing the benefit-risk profile of newer glucose-lowering drugs: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized outcome trials.

Aim: To comprehensively evaluate the benefits and risks of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to November 2023 to identify randomized cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials that enrolled adults with type 2 diabetes, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease and compared DPP4i, GLP-1RAs, or SGLT2i to placebo. Twenty-one outcomes (e.

Is functional training functional? a systematic review of its effects in community-dwelling older adults.

Background: Age-related decline in physical and cognitive capacity increases older adults' risk of disability, long-term care placement, and mortality rate. Functional training, which uses activities of daily living or simulated movements to complete activities as the intervention medium, could be more effective than rote exercise, which uses repetitive movements without added purpose, in preventing late-life disability in older people. With a growing number of studies in this area, systematically studying the effect of functional training is needed.

Internalization of weight bias and stigma: Scientific challenges and opportunities.

Weight bias and stigma are widespread, unjust, and harmful to health. Increased empirical attention to the internalization of weight bias and stigma (or weight self-stigma) has revealed significant health implications that require further study and intervention. This review summarizes current knowledge on the conceptualization, measurement, prevalence, and correlates of internalized weight stigma.

Adherence and Retention in Early or Late Time-Restricted Eating: A Narrative Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting that involves reducing the time-period in which food is typically consumed daily. While TRE is known to induce health benefits, particularly for adults with obesity, there is currently debate about whether the time of day in which food is consumed also contributes to the health benefits of TRE. Early TRE (eTRE) and late TRE (lTRE) are subtypes of TRE that involve consuming food and caloric beverages either in the early or later part of the day.

The Spatial Organization of Ascending Auditory Pathway Microstructural Maturation From Infancy Through Adolescence Using a Novel Fiber Tracking Approach.

Auditory perception is established through experience-dependent stimuli exposure during sensitive developmental periods; however, little is known regarding the structural development of the central auditory pathway in humans. The present study characterized the regional developmental trajectories of the ascending auditory pathway from the brainstem to the auditory cortex from infancy through adolescence using a novel diffusion MRI-based tractography approach and along-tract analyses. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to quantify the magnitude and timing of auditory pathway microstructural maturation.