Identification of a Subpopulation of Astrocyte Progenitor Cells in the Neonatal Subventricular Zone: Evidence that Migration is Regulated by Glutamate Signaling.

In mice engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the entire glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) gene, eGFP is found in all 'adult' cortical astrocytes. However, when 8.3 kilobases of the human GLT1/EAAT2 promoter is used to control expression of tdTomato (tdT), tdT is only found in a subpopulation of these eGFP-expressing astrocytes.

Flexibility and Stability in Lexical Tone Recalibration: Evidence from Tone Perceptual Learning.

Listeners adjust their perception of sound categories when confronted with variations in speech. Previous research on speech recalibration has primarily focused on segmental variation, demonstrating that recalibration tends to be specific to individual speakers and situations and often persists over time. In this study, we present findings on the perceptual learning of lexical tone in Standard Chinese, a suprasegmental feature signaled primarily through pitch variations to distinguish morpheme/word meanings.

Impaired Attention in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Preliminary Study of Behavior Combined with Neuroelectrophysiology.

Objective: To investigate how attention is affected in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using the attention network test (ANT) combined with event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency analysis.

Methods: Eighty-seven children aged 6-11 years with symptoms of snoring or mouth breathing during sleep were recruited from the Sleep Center of Beijing Children's Hospital from May to July, 2023. All participants completed the Mini-mental State Examination and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder rating scale.

The relationship between childhood psychological abuse and cyberbullying behavior among graduate students: the mediating role of negative coping style and trait anxiety.

Background: As a major public health problem, cyberbullying has been received widespread attention in recent years. However, most researches on cyberbullying are mainly focused on adolescents and college students, the underlying mechanisms of cyberbullying among graduate students have been relatively less investigated. From the perspectives of the general aggression model and attachment theory, this study aims to explore the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and cyberbullying behavior among graduate students, as well as the mediating roles of negative coping style and trait anxiety.

Loss of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, transferrin, and transferrin receptor proteins in the temporal cortex of Alzheimer's patients postmortem is associated with abnormal iron homeostasis: implications for patient survival.

Introduction: Iron is crucial for brain function, but excessive iron is neurotoxic. Abnormally high brain iron accumulation is one of the pathogenic factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, understanding the mechanistic basis of iron dyshomeostasis in AD is vital for disease mitigation.

Where Do We Draw the Line? Perceptions of Abuse of Older Adults and Their Association With Ageism.

Objectives: Violence against older adults is a prevalent global harm, and there is evidence that perceptions of violence toward older adults may affect reporting and intervention. The present study examines the perception of violence against older adults in contrast to violence against other age groups and investigates the role of ageism in those perceptions.

Methods: A total of 290 participants were surveyed and asked to indicate whether they perceived 15 abusive behaviors reflecting physical, psychological, sexual, and financial abuse and neglect to be abuse toward either an older adult (age 60+), adult, or child.

Disordered eating in anorexia nervosa: give me heat, not just food.

The recommendation to apply external heat to patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) was first documented by William Gull in 1874. Gull encountered this practice during his tenure as a consultant physician, responsible for issuing medical certifications for wealthy clients seeking admission to Ticehurst Asylum, one of the most successful and reputable private asylums in England. Gull attributed the origins of this practice to the studies by Charles Chossat (1796-1875), a physiologist, physician, and politician from Geneva, who discovered the therapeutic effects of heat on starved animals by chance.

Development and Validation of a Measure of Expectations Toward Romantic Relationships (ETRR).

The literature review shows a lack of standardized and validated scales assessing expectations toward romantic relationships in emerging adults. Hence, the main goal of this study was to design a tool that assesses romantic relationship expectations in Spanish-speaking emerging adults involved and non-involved in a romantic relationship, and to examine the psychometric properties and validity of this new measure. Participants included 1077 undergraduate and vocational training school students aged between 18 and 30 years, who completed the Expectations Toward Romantic Relationships scale (ETRR) and other measures (e.

Responsibilities of Medical Professionals Amidst Geopolitical Conflict.

The ethical responsibilities of healthcare professionals amidst geopolitical conflict, particularly regarding their impact on patient care and healthcare delivery, present a significant challenge, especially during current strife. With the rise of national and international discord and debate, and the close relationship between war and healthcare, healthcare organizations are increasingly pressured to comment, which can reflect societal engagement, but also pose demands for maintaining professionalism. This article discusses the need for healthcare practitioners to navigate their roles in advocacy without compromising patient care, emphasizing the importance of self-reflection, adherence to ethical standards, and effective communication.

The negative association of low subjective socioeconomic status with future orientation: the protective role of low fatalism.

Background: Subjective socioeconomic status (SES), an individual's beliefs about his or her social class, is anticipated to be related to future orientation. This study proposed a moderation model to examine the relationship between subjective SES on future orientation and the protective role of low fatalism.

Methods: Two studies were conducted to test the proposed model.

Cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time responses to exercise training in older adults.

Brain vascular health worsens with age, as is made evident by resting grey matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) reductions and lengthening arterial transit time (ATT). Exercise training can improve aspects of brain health in older adults, yet its effects on CBF and ATT remain unclear. This randomised controlled trial assessed responses of CBF and ATT to a 26 week exercise intervention in 65 healthy older adults (control: n = 33, exercise: n = 32, aged 60-81 years), including whether changes in CBF or ATT were associated with changes in cognitive functions.

Management of Hip Fractures.

Hip fractures in women are a serious health concern, demanding prompt treatment and pain control methods. This study examines fracture frequency, diagnostic techniques, and classification, focusing on femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. It discusses risk factors including age, gender, bone strength, and medication and their impact on fracture risk.

The impact of weight self-stigma on weight-loss treatment engagement and outcome.

Background: Individuals with overweight or obesity often endure significant weight-based prejudice and discrimination in various settings. Experiencing weight-related stigma is linked to many adverse psychosocial outcomes. Weight self-stigma is when an individual internalizes and identifies with negative attributes ascribed to people with larger bodies and has self-devaluing thoughts because of their weight and is associated with poorer health outcomes.

A Comparative Analysis of Neurocognitive Function in Community- and Hospital-Based Patients With Schizophrenia.

Objective: The study compared differences in various neurocognitive characteristics across treatment modalities among schizophrenia patients recruited in one city between July 2020 and June 2023 who were on regular medication.

Methods: Of the 151 participants, 113 were included in the analysis. Participants were divided into community-based and hospital-based groups, and their demographics and clinical characteristics, including insight, quality of life, positive and negative symptoms, and personal and social functioning, were examined.

The Effect of Mother's Mediation on Sibling Conflict Among Chinese Children.

Thirty-four Chinese families (each consisting of a mother and two children) were recruited to participate in this study. The firstborn children had an average age of 12.00 ± 2.

Autophagy is a promising process for linking inflammation and redox homeostasis in Down syndrome.

Trisomy 21, characterized by the presence of an additional chromosome 21, leads to a set of clinical features commonly referred to as Down syndrome (DS). The pathological phenotypes observed in DS are caused by a combination of factors, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, disrupted metabolic patterns, and changes in protein homeostasis and signal transduction, and these factors collectively induce neurological alterations. In DS, the triplication of chromosome 21 and the micronuclei arising from the missegregation of chromosomes are closely associated with inflammation and the development of redox imbalance.

"Monitoring inflammatory, immune system mediators, and mitochondrial changes related to brain metabolism during space flight".

The possibility of impaired cognitive function during deep space flight missions or while living on a Martian colony is a critical point of concern and pleads for further research. In addition, a fundamental gap exists both in our understanding and application of countermeasures for the consequences of long duration space travel and/or living in an extreme environment such as on the Moon or Mars. Previous studies, while heavily analyzing pre- and post-flight conditions, mostly fail to appreciate the cognitive stressors associated with space radiation, microgravity, confinement, hostile or closed environments, and the long distances from earth.

Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions in type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive decline.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over time predisposes to inflammatory responses and abnormalities in functional brain networks that damage learning, memory, or executive function. The hippocampus is a key region often reporting connectivity abnormalities in memory disorders. Here, we investigated peripheral inflammatory responses and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) changes characterized of hippocampal subregions in type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive decline (T2DACD).