Convergent Isobilateral Leaves Increase the Risk for Mangroves Facing Human-Induced Rapid Environmental Changes.

Understanding plant adaptations in extreme environments is crucial, as these adaptations often confer advantages for survival. However, a significant gap exists regarding the genetic mechanisms underlying these adaptations and their responses to human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC). This study addresses the question of whether genetic convergence occurs among plants with similar adaptive features, specifically focusing on isobilateral leaves in mangrove species.

Highly diverse endophytic fungi from Serra do Amolar-Pantanal (Brazil) producing bioactive secondary metabolites against phytopathogens.

Introduction: The exploration of new bioactive compounds for agricultural applications is critical for sustainable development. Endophytic fungi, particularly those from underexplored biomes in Brazil, represent a promising source of natural compounds. This study focused on isolation and bioprospecting endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant (Pohl), grown in Serra do Amolar (Brazilian Pantanal Biome), with an additional emphasis on conserving microbial biodiversity.

Phenotypic evolution of appearance quality and cooking and taste quality of hybrid rice over the past 40 years in China.

Since the inception of hybrid rice technology 50 years ago, it has not only substantially increased rice yield per unit area but also expedited the development of high-quality rice varieties. However, the evolutionary characteristics of hybrid rice quality remain unclear. To address this gap, it is imperative to leverage more representative and comprehensive hybrid rice resources to analyze phenotypic variation diversity and its primary genetic basis, thereby offering more efficient guidance for molecular breeding.

ShinyGS-a graphical toolkit with a serial of genetic and machine learning models for genomic selection: application, benchmarking, and recommendations.

Genomic prediction is a powerful approach for improving genetic gain and shortening the breeding cycles in animal and crop breeding programs. A series of statistical and machine learning models has been developed to increase the prediction performance continuously. However, the application of these models requires advanced R programming skills and command-line tools to perform quality control, format input files, and install packages and dependencies, posing challenges for breeders.

Intermittent cell division dynamics in regenerating Arabidopsis roots reveals complex long-range interactions.

In this work, we present a quantitative comparison of the cell division dynamics between populations of intact and regenerating root tips in the plant model system To achieve the required temporal resolution and to sustain it for the duration of the regeneration process, we adopted a live imaging system based on light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, previously developed in the laboratory. We offer a straightforward quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial patterns of cell division events showing a statistically significant difference in the frequency of mitotic events and spatial separation of mitotic event clusters between intact and regenerating roots.

Visualization of Hg Stress on Plant Health at the Subcellular Level Revealed by a Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Sensor.

The presence of Hg causes substantial stress to plants, adversely affecting growth and health by disrupting cell cycle divisions, photosynthesis, and ionic homeostasis. Accurate visualization of the spatiotemporal distribution of Hg in plant tissues is crucial for the management of Hg pollution; however, the related research is still at its early stage. Herein, a small-molecule amphiphilic fluorescent probe (termed ) was developed for the specific detection of Hg with a high sensitivity (~16 nM).

The plastid genome characters and phylogenetic status of the endemic species D. G. Zhang, Z. M. Li, Qun Liu & T. Deng 2021 (Cucurbitaceae) in the Shennongjia forestry district of China.

(Cucurbitaceae) is an endemic species native to the Shennongjia forestry district of China, whose plastid genome was reported in this study. The whole genome exhibits the typical quadripartite structure with 156,906 bp in size. A total of 130 genes were identified, containing 85 protein-coding genes (CDS), 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes.

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of (Pall.) Less. (Compositae).

(Compositae) is a perennial herbaceous plant owning high economic, feeding and medicinal values. It is widely distributed in desertification and saline alkali areas. The complete chloroplast genome was firstly reported in this study.

The complete mitochondrial genome of an important medicinal plant, (Gaertn.) DC., 1845 (Lamiales, Orobanchaceae).

, an extensively utilized Chinese herbal medicine, is highly valued for its medicinal properties. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of was sequenced and assembled for the first time. The mitogenome is 547,032 bp in length, with an overall GC content of 44.

First report of the whole‑genome sequence analysis of Fig badnavirus 2 from China.

A novel plant virus was identified in fig trees exhibiting ring spot symptoms through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The complete genome sequence was successfully determined using PCR and RT-PCR techniques. The virus features a circular DNA genome of 7233 nucleotides (nt) in length, encompassing four open reading frames (ORFs).

Marker-assisted selection in segregating populations of tomatoes for resistance to TYLCV, ToMV, and Fusarium wilt.

Background: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and Fusarium wilt are three of tomatoes' most important viral and fungal diseases.

Methods And Results: In this study, the application of molecular markers associated with tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance gene (Ty1), tomato mosaic virus resistance gene (Tm2), and Fusarium wilt resistance gene (I-1) (linked marker) were evaluated. In order to optimize and use SNP markers (by HRM diagnostic method) and SCAR markers, segregating populations of tomatoes were produced by self-pollination of commercial hybrid cultivars.

Insect Cytochrome P450 Database: An Integrated Resource of Genetic Diversity, Evolution and Function.

Insects, the most numerous and diverse group of animal species on Earth, have important interactions with humans through providing resources, transmitting diseases and damaging agricultural cultivars. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are one of the most important protein families in insects implicated in the endogenous metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics, including allelochemicals, insecticides and environmental pollutants. To better understand the evolution and function of insect P450s and support the development and application of insecticides for pest control, an integrated bioinformatics platform is highly desirable.

Tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses is mediated by interacting CNGC proteins that regulate Ca influx and stomatal movement in rice.

Members of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) proteins are reportedly involved in a variety of biotic and abiotic responses and stomatal movement. However, it is unknown if and how a single member could regulate multiple responses. Here we characterized three closely related CNGC genes in rice, OsCNGC14, OsCNGC15 and OsCNGC16, to determine whether they function in multiple abiotic stresses.

Ginkgo biloba extract mediates HT22 cell proliferation and migration after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation via regulating RhoA-ROCK2 signalling pathway.

Vascular dementia (VD) is a neurocognitive disorder resulting from cerebral vascular disorders, leading to the demise of neurons and cognitive deficits, posing significant health concerns globally. Derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves, EGb761 is a potent bioactive compound widely recognized for its benefits in treating cerebrovascular diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the administration of EGb761 to VD rats enhances the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neurons, effectively alleviating cognitive dysfunction.

Nutritional Profiling of Wild Edible Plants: Quantification of Macronutrients and Minerals via Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

The wild edible plants offer a valuable resource for food and human nutrition. The current study aimed to analyze the proximate composition and ethno-medicinal profiles of twenty selected wild edible plants from the Malakand District, Pakistan. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, and dietary fiber) was analyzed following Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) protocols.

Ellagic acid alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting ROS/NLRP3 pathway activation and modulating gut microbiota in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) can cause severe oxidative stress in the colon, which can lead to tissue damage and an imbalance in the normal gut microbiota. Ellagic acid (EA) is one of the main types of plant polyphenols with improved pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. However, currently, the studies on the impact of EA on the gut microbiota and its potential to alleviate UC in mice through the ROS/NLRP3 pathway are limited.

Enhanced hemocompatibility, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of biomolecules stabilized AgNPs with cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.

In the current research, we developed a safe method using Iranian yarrow extract for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (IY-AgNPs) as reducing and stabilizing agents in different conditions. The prepared and stabilized IY-AgNPs under optimal conditions were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TEM, and UV-vis techniques. Also, the blood-clotting, hemolytic, antioxidant, bactericidal and, fungicidal properties, cytotoxicity effects and inhibition of protein denaturation efficiency of IY-AgNPs were assessed in vitro.

An intron-split microRNA mediates cleavage of the mRNA encoded by low phosphate root in Solanaceae.

A microRNA with a non-canonical precursor structure harbours an intron in between its miRNA-5p and miRNA-3p relevant for its biogenesis, is conserved across Solanaceae, and targets the mRNA of low phosphate root. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in plants and great advances have been accomplished in the understanding of plant miRNA biogenesis, mechanisms and functions. Still, many miRNAs, particularly those with less conventional features, remain to be discovered.

Assessing the lethal effects of pesticide residue exposure on beneficial parasitoids and their host, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Chemical control is currently the main strategy for managing brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål). However, chemical pesticides can harm nontarget species, including natural enemies of H. halys.

Database of soil properties incorporating organic content from roots and soil organisms for regional slope stabilisation.

The effectiveness of using vegetation to reinforce slopes is influenced by the soil and vegetation characteristics. Hence, this study pioneers the construction of an extensive soil database using random forest machine learning and ordinary kriging methods, focusing on the influence of plant roots on the saturated and unsaturated properties of residual soils. Soil organic content, which includes contributions from both soil organisms and roots, functions as a key factor in estimating soil hydraulic and mechanical properties influenced by vegetation roots.

"They are not HIV treatments drugs; they are preventive drugs (PrEP)". Experiences of PrEP uptake among vulnerable adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania.

Introduction: HIV poses a significant global health concern, affecting adolescents among other populations. This is attributed to various vulnerabilities including biological factors, gender inequalities and limited access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, adolescent girls, and young women (AGYW) face double the risk of HIV infection compared to their male counterparts.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of sunflower oilseed and confectionery cultivars.

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, is the world's fourth most important oil crop. Sunflower cultivars are categorized into oilseed and confectionery types.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the seasonally polyphenic scorpionfly (Panorpa liui).

Mecoptera is a small relict order of insects within the Holometabola. Panorpidae is the most speciose family in Mecoptera. They are also known as scorpion flies due to the enlarged and upward recurved male genital bulb.