Prediction and Validation of New Targets of NNPCN in Inhibiting Based on Molecular Docking, Dynamics, and Biotechnology.

The antifungal targets of the new fungicide -(naphthalen-1-yl)-phenazine-1-carboxamide (NNPCN) are still incomplete, limiting its application. To identify potential new targets of NNPCN and facilitate target hunting, a suite of techniques was employed to conduct experiments on . Nine potential targets were identified, exhibiting strong binding affinity to NNPCN, as indicated by binding free energies below -100.

Determination of Cyazofamid and Its Metabolite in Rice Based on Magnetic Zirconia Nanoparticles Sample Cleanup and Its Application to a Dissipation and Residue Study.

An analytical method was developed for the determination of cyazofamid (CZFM) and its metabolite CCIM in rice, employing magnetic zirconia nanoparticles (MZNPs) for sample cleanup. MZNPs were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal process and characterized by multiple techniques. Samples of rice plant, rice hull, and brown rice were extracted using acetonitrile/water, followed by salting out.

Residual Dynamics of Chlorantraniliprole and Fludioxonil in Soil and Their Effects on the Microbiome.

The increased use of chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil has sparked concerns about their residues and impact on the soil microbiome, highlighting an urgent issue requiring attention. This study investigates the residue dynamics of corn after chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil treatments, as well as their effects on soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis showed a significant decrease in chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil residues in the soil after combined application, especially with chlorantraniliprole.

Pathway Elucidation and Key Enzymatic Processes in the Biodegradation of Difenoconazole by A-3.

The extensive agricultural use of the fungicide difenoconazole (DIF) and its associated toxicity increasingly damage ecosystems and human health. Thus, an urgent need is to develop environmentally friendly technological approaches capable of effectively removing DIF residues. In this study, strain A-3 was isolated for the first time which can degrade DIF efficiently.

Alkylated DNA repair by a novel HhH-GPD family protein from Crenarchaea.

HhH-GPD (helix-hairpin-helix-glycine/proline/aspartate) family proteins are involved in DNA damage repair. Currently, mechanism of alkylated DNA repair in Crenarchaea has not been fully clarified. The hyperthermophilic model crenarchaeon Saccharolobus islandicus REY15A possesses a novel HhH-GPD family protein (Sis-HhH-GPD), where its Ser152 corresponds to a conserved catalytic Asp in other HhH-GPD homologs.

Discovery of Novel Neonicotinoids with Conjugated Diene Enabled by Cascade Allylation/Isomerization Synthetic Methodology.

As one of the most significant insecticides, neonicotinoids have played a pivotal role in crop protection and public sanitation. However, the high resistance and bee toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides have attracted considerable attention. Herein, a series of neonicotinoid compounds with conjugated diene moieties were synthesized through the cascade allylation/isomerization reaction.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-only genes contribute to immune responses in maize.

Proteins with Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains are widely distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, serving as essential components of immune signaling. Although monocots lack the major TIR-nucleotide-binding (NB)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-type (TNL) immune receptors, they possess a small number of TIR-only proteins, the function of which remains largely unknown. In the monocot maize (Zea mays), there are three conserved TIR-only genes in the reference genome, namely ZmTIR1 to ZmTIR3.

Structural characteization and anti-colorectal cancer activity of a fucogalactan purified from Ganoderma tsugae.

Ganoderma tsugae, a traditional medicinal mushroom, exhibits anti-tumor properties; however, the effects of its polysaccharide on anti-colorectal cancer remain undetermined. Herein, a fucogalactan of Ganoderma tsugae (GTP-a2) was isolated and purified from its fruiting body. The molecular weight of GTP-a2 is 7.

Differentially spliced mitochondrial CYP419A1 contributes to ethiprole resistance in Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is one of the most economically important pests of cultivated rice in Southeast Asia. Extensive use of insecticide treatments, such as imidacloprid, fipronil and ethiprole, has resulted in the emergence of multiple resistant strains of N. lugens.

Picoxystrobin causes mitochondrial dysfunction in earthworms by interfering with complex enzyme activity and binding to the electron carrier cytochrome c protein.

Picoxystrobin (PICO) poses a great threat to earthworms due to its widespread use in agriculture and its stability in soil. Mitochondria may be a sensitive target organ for the toxic effects of PICO on worms. Therefore, evaluating the effect of PICO on mitochondria can further understand the toxic mechanism of PICO to earthworms.

An orphan viral genome with unclear evolutionary status sheds light on a distinct lineage of flavi-like viruses infecting plants.

Advancements in high-throughput sequencing and associated bioinformatics methods have significantly expanded the RNA virus repertoire, including novel viruses with highly divergent genomes encoding "orphan" proteins that apparently lack homologous sequences. This absence of homologs in routine sequence similarity search complicates their taxonomic classification and raises a fundamental question: Do these orphan viral genomes represent viruses? In 2022, an orphan viral genome encoding a large polyprotein was identified in alfalfa () and thrips (), and named Snake River alfalfa virus (SRAV). SRAV was initially proposed as an uncommon flavi-like virus identified in a plant host distantly related to family .

Characterizing Three Heat Shock Protein 70 Genes of and Their Expression in Response to Temperature and Insecticide Stress.

is a highly polyphagous pest that causes substantial agricultural damage. Temperature and insecticides are two major abiotic stresses affecting their population abundance. Heat shock proteins play an essential role in cell protection when insects are exposed to environmental stresses.

Comparative evaluation of various DNA extraction methods and analysis of DNA degradation levels in commercially marketed Chestnut rose juices and beverages.

Background: Food safety is a significant global study subject that is strongly intertwined with human life and well-being. The utilization of DNA-based methods for species identification is a valuable instrument in the field of food inspection and regulation. It is particularly significant for traceability purposes, as it enables the monitoring of a specific item at every level of the food chain regulation.

Thymol as a Novel Plant-Derived Antibacterial Agent for Suppressing Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum in Cotton.

Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm) associated with bacterial blight disease is a significant and widespread pathogen affecting cotton worldwide. The excessive use of harmful chemicals to control plant pathogens has exerted a negative impact on environmental safety.

Activin β Is Critical for Larval-Pupal Transition in the 28 Spotted Lady Beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

The activin cascade is activated when a pair of extracellular ligand (Myoglianin, Myo; Activin β, Actβ; Dawdle, Daw) binds to two pairs of transforming growth factor β (TGF) serine-threonine receptor kinases, TGF-β type I (Baboon, Babo) and II receptors. However, the roles of activin way have not well been explored in non-Drosophilid insects. In the present paper, we compared the functions of Activin β (Actβ) ligand and receptor isoform BaboB in post-embryonic development in a defoliating ladybird Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Microsatellite and Mitochondrial COI Provide Novel Insights Into the Population Genetic Structure of White Prunicola Scale () in China.

The white prunicola scale (Maskell) is an important pest of fruit and ornamental plants, characterised by its wide distribution, broad host range and distinct biological traits. In this study, a comprehensive population genetic analysis of in China was conducted, focusing on genetic diversity, genetic structure, relationships among geographical populations, and population dynamics. Microsatellite molecular and mitochondrial COI markers were used to examine the genetic diversity and structure of 19 populations across 10 provinces in China.

Adapting distribution patterns of desert locusts, in response to global climate change.

The desert locust () is a destructive migratory pest, posing great threat to over 60 countries globally. In the backdrop of climate change, the habitat suitability of desert locusts is poised to undergo alterations. Hence, investigating the shifting dynamics of desert locust habitats holds profound significance in ensuring global agricultural resilience and food security.

Global distribution and sustainable management of Asian corn borer (ACB), (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): recent advancement and future prospects.

The Asian corn borer (ACB), (Guenée, 1854), is a serious pest of several crops, particularly a destructive pest of maize and other cereals throughout most of Asia, including China, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Cambodia. It has long been known as a pest in South-east Asia and has invaded other parts of Asia, Solomon Islands, parts of Africa and certain regions of Australia and Russia. Consequently, worldwide efforts have been increased to ensure new control strategies for management.

Pinnatifone A, isolated from Syringa pinnatifolia (Oleaceae), exhibits inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi and can be employed to formulate a soluble concentrate agent.

Background: In the realm of plant diseases, those caused by fungi and oomycetes are particularly challenging to manage, resulting in significant economic losses. There exist diverse active substances in natural products and developing them into fungicides holds great significance. At the initial phase of our research, we discovered that Syringa pinnatifolia extract demonstrates broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi.

Hormesis effect of cadmium on pakchoi growth: Unraveling the ROS-mediated IAA-sugar metabolism from multi-omics perspective.

Previous research on cadmium (Cd) focused on toxicity, neglecting hormesis and its mechanisms. In this study, pakchoi seedlings exposed to varying soil Cd concentrations (CK, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg) showed an inverted U-shaped growth trend (hormesis characteristics): As Cd concentration increases, biomass exhibited hormesis character (Cd5) and then disappear (Cd40). ROS levels rose in both Cd treatments, with Cd5 being intermediate between CK and Cd40.

Hemocyanin contributes to embryonic adaptation to hypoxia in the migratory locust.

Ambient hypoxia can pose a major threat to the survival of metazoan organisms, especially insect embryos. Hemocyanin exhibits dominant expression in insect embryos, but its specific roles in hypoxia adaptation remain unexplored. Soil-dwelling locust eggs may frequently experience hypoxia during development.

Subcritical water hydrolysis of eggshell membrane and its physicochemical characteristics.

The insolubility of eggshell membrane (ESM) limits it application. This study utilized a green process subcritical water (SW), to prepare soluble ESM and compared it with acid hydrolysis. The effect of SW temperature on the yields of total protein, free amino acids, and glycosaminoglycan in the hydrolysate was investigated.

Four new species of Simon, 1884 (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from Jiangjin District of Chongqing, China.

Four new species of the genus Simon, 1884 are described from Jiangjin, Chongqing: (♂), (♂♀), (♂♀), and (♂♀). The new species exhibit distinctive genital features, such as a bifurcated embolus tip in the male palp of and , and embolus tip unbifurcated in The epigynes display more unique characteristics, such as epigynal plate with a pit ventrally on its frontal face in and , which is absent in all other known species. Detailed descriptions, along with photographs of genital characters, somatic features, and a distribution map, are provided.

Clock genes regulate sex pheromone production and male mating ability in Bactrocera dorsalis.

Many animals display physiological and behavioral activities limited to specific times of the day. Certain insects exhibit clear daily rhythms in their mating activities that are regulated by an internal biological clock. However, the specific genetic mechanisms underlying this regulation remain largely unexplored.