Molecular Phylogenetics and Estimation of Evolutionary Divergence and Biogeography of the Family Cordycipitaceae (Ascomycota, Hypocreales).

The Cordycipitaceae family of insecticidal fungi is widely distributed in nature, is the most complex in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota), with members displaying a diversity of morphological characteristics and insect host ranges. Based on Bayesian evolutionary analysis of five genomic loci(the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU) gene, the large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU) gene, the translation elongation factor 1-α () gene, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (), we inferred the divergence times for members of the Cordycipitaceae, improving the internal phylogeny of this fungal family. Molecular clock analyses indicate that the ancestor of occurred in the Paleogene period (34.

Ophiostomatalean Fungi (Ascomycota, Ophiostomatales) Associated with Three Beetles from var. in Heilongjiang, China.

Globally, forest decline and tree mortality are rising due to climate change. As one of the important afforestation trees in northeast China, var. is suffering from forest decline and the accompanying pests.

A Protein with Unknown Function, Ps495620, Is Critical for the Sporulation and Oospore Production of .

While the rapid rise in bioinformatics has facilitated the identification of the domains and functions of many proteins, some still have no domain annotation or largely uncharacterized functions. However, the biological roles of unknown proteins were not clear in oomycetes. An analysis of the genome database identified the protein Ps495620, which has no domain annotations and functional predictions in .

New Species of () from Diseased Leaves in Fujian Province, China.

Fungal biota represents important constituents of phyllosphere microorganisms. It is taxonomically highly diverse and influences plant physiology, metabolism and health. Members of the order are distributed worldwide and include devastating plant pathogens as well as endophytes and saprophytes.

Effect of operational parameters on droplet deposition characteristics using an unmanned aerial vehicle for banana canopy.

In recent years, as an important part of precision agricultural aviation, the plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely studied and applied worldwide, especially in East Asia. Banana, as a typical large broad-leaved crop, has high requirements for pests and diseases control. The mechanization degree of plant protection management in banana orchard is low.

Prediction and Validation of New Targets of NNPCN in Inhibiting Based on Molecular Docking, Dynamics, and Biotechnology.

The antifungal targets of the new fungicide -(naphthalen-1-yl)-phenazine-1-carboxamide (NNPCN) are still incomplete, limiting its application. To identify potential new targets of NNPCN and facilitate target hunting, a suite of techniques was employed to conduct experiments on . Nine potential targets were identified, exhibiting strong binding affinity to NNPCN, as indicated by binding free energies below -100.

Endosymbionts as hidden players in tripartite pathosystem of interactions and potential candidates for sustainable viral disease management.

The convoluted relationships between plants, viruses, and arthropod vectors housing bacterial endosymbionts are pivotal in the spread of harmful plant viral diseases. Endosymbionts play key roles in: manipulating host responses, influencing insect resistance to pesticides, shaping insect evolution, and bolstering virus acquisition, retention, and transmission. This interplay presents an innovative approach for developing sustainable strategies to manage plant diseases.

Determination of Cyazofamid and Its Metabolite in Rice Based on Magnetic Zirconia Nanoparticles Sample Cleanup and Its Application to a Dissipation and Residue Study.

An analytical method was developed for the determination of cyazofamid (CZFM) and its metabolite CCIM in rice, employing magnetic zirconia nanoparticles (MZNPs) for sample cleanup. MZNPs were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal process and characterized by multiple techniques. Samples of rice plant, rice hull, and brown rice were extracted using acetonitrile/water, followed by salting out.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Concentrations in Plants Organs Using Phenyl Isothiocyanate Derivatization.

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a direct precursor of phytohormone ethylene. We used a phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) derivatization modification method combined with spectrographic analysis to isolate and identify three products of the derivatization reactions of ACC and PITC. The MRM mode of UPLC-MS/MS was used to establish the analysis of 6-phenyl-5-thioxo-4,6-diazaspiro[2.

Residual Dynamics of Chlorantraniliprole and Fludioxonil in Soil and Their Effects on the Microbiome.

The increased use of chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil has sparked concerns about their residues and impact on the soil microbiome, highlighting an urgent issue requiring attention. This study investigates the residue dynamics of corn after chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil treatments, as well as their effects on soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis showed a significant decrease in chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil residues in the soil after combined application, especially with chlorantraniliprole.

A Comprehensive Review of the Diversity of Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Their Emerging Applications in Healthcare and Environment.

Fungi and their natural products, like secondary metabolites, have gained a huge demand in the last decade due to their increasing applications in healthcare, environmental cleanup, and biotechnology-based industries. The fungi produce these secondary metabolites (SMs) during the different phases of their growth, which are categorized into terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides. These SMs exhibit significant biological activity, which contributes to the formulation of novel pharmaceuticals, biopesticides, and environmental bioremediation agents.

Effects of soil water on fungal community composition along elevational gradients on the northern slope of the Central Kunlun Mountains.

Soil fungi are essential to ecosystem processes, yet their elevational distribution patterns and the ecological mechanisms shaping their communities remain poorly understood and actively debated, particularly in arid regions. Here, we investigated the diversity patterns and underlying mechanisms shaping soil fungal communities along an elevational gradient (1,707-3,548 m) on the northern slope of the Central Kunlun Mountains in northwest China. Results indicated that the dominant phyla identified across the seven elevational gradients were and , displaying a unimodal pattern and a U-shaped pattern in relative abundance, respectively.

Pathway Elucidation and Key Enzymatic Processes in the Biodegradation of Difenoconazole by A-3.

The extensive agricultural use of the fungicide difenoconazole (DIF) and its associated toxicity increasingly damage ecosystems and human health. Thus, an urgent need is to develop environmentally friendly technological approaches capable of effectively removing DIF residues. In this study, strain A-3 was isolated for the first time which can degrade DIF efficiently.

Alkylated DNA repair by a novel HhH-GPD family protein from Crenarchaea.

HhH-GPD (helix-hairpin-helix-glycine/proline/aspartate) family proteins are involved in DNA damage repair. Currently, mechanism of alkylated DNA repair in Crenarchaea has not been fully clarified. The hyperthermophilic model crenarchaeon Saccharolobus islandicus REY15A possesses a novel HhH-GPD family protein (Sis-HhH-GPD), where its Ser152 corresponds to a conserved catalytic Asp in other HhH-GPD homologs.

AaMYB61-like and AabHLH137 jointly regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Actinidia arguta.

Background: Red Actinidia arguta has recently become highly popular because of its red appearance resulting from anthocyanin accumulation, and has gradually become an important breeding direction. However, regulators involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have not been fully characterized in A. arguta.

Discovery of Novel Neonicotinoids with Conjugated Diene Enabled by Cascade Allylation/Isomerization Synthetic Methodology.

As one of the most significant insecticides, neonicotinoids have played a pivotal role in crop protection and public sanitation. However, the high resistance and bee toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides have attracted considerable attention. Herein, a series of neonicotinoid compounds with conjugated diene moieties were synthesized through the cascade allylation/isomerization reaction.

Green magnetically separable molluscicide Ba-Ce-Cu ferrite/TiO nanocomposite for controlling terrestrial gastropods Monacha Cartusiana.

The increasing economic damage caused by terrestrial gastropods, especially the Monacha cartusiana (M. cartusiana) land snail, to the agricultural sector requires a diligent and continuous search for new materials and alternatives for the control operations. In this piece of work, a magnetically separable molluscicide with high effectiveness green Barium-Cerium-Copper ferrite/TiO (Ba-Ce-CuFO/TiO) nanocomposite was greenly prepared using Eichhornia plant aqueous extract and characterized using different techniques.

De novo assembly of the complete mitochondrial genomes of two Camellia-oil tree species reveals their multibranch conformation and evolutionary relationships.

Camellia-oil trees are economically valuable, oil-rich species within the genus Camellia, family Theaceae. Among these species, C. oleifera, a member of Section Oleifera in the genus, is the most extensively cultivated in China.

Data on insect biodiversity in a Chinese potato agroecosystem from DNA metabarcoding.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a staple crop important in global food security. As a leading potato producer, China faces significant challenges from insect pest infestations that compromise yield and quality. However, insect communities within Chinese potato fields remain poorly characterized.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-only genes contribute to immune responses in maize.

Proteins with Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains are widely distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, serving as essential components of immune signaling. Although monocots lack the major TIR-nucleotide-binding (NB)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-type (TNL) immune receptors, they possess a small number of TIR-only proteins, the function of which remains largely unknown. In the monocot maize (Zea mays), there are three conserved TIR-only genes in the reference genome, namely ZmTIR1 to ZmTIR3.

Production and application of Paenibacillus polymyxa levan as an antiviral priming agent against cucumber mosaic virus infection in tobacco plants.

This study investigates the application of levan- produced from Paenibacillus polymyxa SG09-12 as an antiviral agent against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). A high-purity microbial levan was produced and purified using diafiltration. The chemical composition, structure, and functional groups of the levan were characterised using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Structural characteization and anti-colorectal cancer activity of a fucogalactan purified from Ganoderma tsugae.

Ganoderma tsugae, a traditional medicinal mushroom, exhibits anti-tumor properties; however, the effects of its polysaccharide on anti-colorectal cancer remain undetermined. Herein, a fucogalactan of Ganoderma tsugae (GTP-a2) was isolated and purified from its fruiting body. The molecular weight of GTP-a2 is 7.

Differentially spliced mitochondrial CYP419A1 contributes to ethiprole resistance in Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is one of the most economically important pests of cultivated rice in Southeast Asia. Extensive use of insecticide treatments, such as imidacloprid, fipronil and ethiprole, has resulted in the emergence of multiple resistant strains of N. lugens.

Picoxystrobin causes mitochondrial dysfunction in earthworms by interfering with complex enzyme activity and binding to the electron carrier cytochrome c protein.

Picoxystrobin (PICO) poses a great threat to earthworms due to its widespread use in agriculture and its stability in soil. Mitochondria may be a sensitive target organ for the toxic effects of PICO on worms. Therefore, evaluating the effect of PICO on mitochondria can further understand the toxic mechanism of PICO to earthworms.