APhA Foundation Incentive Grants: A Thirty-year descriptive review.

Objective: The objective of this project was to describe the breakdown of project topics and geographic reach of Incentive Grant funded projects from 1994-2024 and summarize the number of patients or survey respondents reached.

Methods: All available reports and supporting documents for the Incentive Grants program were reviewed using the APhA Foundation internal database. Projects were assigned a geographical region using US Census Bureau Divisions, and categorized using focus areas from grant calls-for-proposals.

Papilledema in Children With Cystic Fibrosis Receiving Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor: A Multicenter Case Series.

Following the approval of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), there have been post-marketing reports and published cases of papilledema and intracranial hypertension in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) taking ETI. In those reports, the patients often presented with marked symptoms and concomitant hypervitaminosis A. In this multicenter case series, we report eight cases of papilledema in children with CF taking ETI that were diagnosed via routine eye exam, the majority of whom presented with minimal to no symptoms and all had normal serum Vitamin A levels.

Evaluating the Impact of an Interprofessional Poverty Virtual Simulation Game.

The aim of the study was to compare the impact of a virtual simulation game to a poverty live interactive simulation with regard to perceptions of poverty. An interprofessional sample of pharmacy and nursing students completed pre/post surveys with 13 questions (total possible score: 39); the 395 responses were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and descriptive statistics. The virtual group had a score improvement of 3.

COEPA ready: Innovative pedagogy for integrating social determinants of health in PharmD curricula.

Background: The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities (COEPA) recognize the need for social determinants of health (SDH) education for pharmacy learners. However, there is a dearth of published strategies for incorporating comprehensive SDH education in Doctor of Pharmacy curricula. The objectives of this study were to: 1) highlight unpublished exemplars of SDH teaching models and 2) propose strategies for teaching SDH.

It Can No Longer Be Optional-Medical Billing in the PharmD Curriculum.

Pharmacists across the United States are rapidly gaining the ability to bill the medical benefit, increasing their ability to optimally and sustainably contribute to patient care. Medical billing is the process by which a provider submits a claim for reimbursement to the medical insurance benefit based on services provided to a patient. As pharmacists lean into new and expanding opportunities related to medical billing, pharmacy educators must also prepare graduates who can explain the importance of and execute skills related to medical billing.

Successful oral phytonadione (vitamin K) challenge following an infusion-related reaction to intravenous phytonadione.

A woman in her early 60s presented to the emergency room with worsening pain 10 days after an injury to her right abdomen. CT revealed a large subcutaneous haematoma and contained small bowel perforation. She was tachycardic and anaemic and her international normalized ratio (INR) was 2.

Development, Pilot, and Evaluation of a Qualitative Documentation Tool for Pharmacists to Share High Impact Patient Intervention Stories.

Community pharmacists are often the most accessible member of the healthcare team to many patients and can play a key role in managing their chronic conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, through enhanced pharmacy services. Despite their accessibility, pharmacy services are often underutilized due, in part, to a lack of adequate reimbursement models that comprehensively encapsulate all elements of those pharmacy services. While routine documentation of services does collect certain qualitative data, they do not always indicate the nuance of the full scope of services with resulting robust impact and value of those services for the patient and healthcare system.

Comparing South Dakota Pharmacist Perspectives of Pharmacy Services in Rural versus Urban settings.

Background: Access to healthcare services is a major barrier to residents of the rural state of South Dakota. As a highly accessible member of the healthcare team, outpatient pharmacists can play a key role in a patient's healthcare journey. There is a need to identify the unique barriers and facilitators pharmacists in both rural and urban areas face to maximize the impact of their role.

Non-small cell lung cancer sensitisation to platinum chemotherapy via new thiazole-triazole hybrids acting as dual T-type CCB/MMP-9 inhibitors.

Cisplatin remains the unchallenged standard therapy for NSCLC. However, it is not completely curative due to drug resistance and oxidative stress-induced toxicity. Drug resistance is linked to overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aberrant calcium signalling.

Assessment of non-time-intensive changes to a management course to address course evaluation scores.

Background: Student-completed course evaluations are often included in university faculty promotion and tenure packets but may not be the best metrics for student learning. This juxtaposition creates a challenge - the metric faculty first want to improve is student learning rather than student perception, but course changes improving student learning do not always result in higher course evaluation scores. Additionally, making course changes can be time consuming for faculty.

Student personality type and preferred rounding methods in an internal medicine advanced pharmacy practice experience.

Background: Pharmacy students completing Internal Medicine rotations may be exposed to different stylistic approaches from providers on routine activities like patient rounds. This may be beneficial as students can learn in different ways. Conversely, extensive exposure to approaches that do not suit them may hinder student learning or lead students to feel they don't belong in a clinical setting.

Words matter: Comments in support of diagnosis education in pharmacy.

Diagnosis education is explicitly included in the Draft Accreditation Standards 2025 and should be wholeheartedly supported. To address the staggering number of diagnostic errors in the US, the National Academy of Medicine advocates for diagnosis education for all health professions. Misperceptions of pharmacists' involvement in diagnosis are exacerbated by use of implicit language and euphemisms, and it's long overdue that we provide clarity.

Implementation of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotyping to guide antidepressant use in a large rural health system.

Purpose: We describe the implementation and ongoing maintenance of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 focused pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing to guide antidepressant and antianxiety medication prescriptions in a large rural, nonprofit health system.

Summary: Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric conditions. Sanford Health implemented PGx testing for metabolism of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes 2C19 and 2D6 in 2014 to inform prescribing for multiple medications, including antidepressant and antianxiety therapies.

Using the Kirkpatrick model to evaluate a sepsis escape room for advanced pharmacy learners.

Background And Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use the first three levels of the Kirkpatrick Model to evaluate the effectiveness of a simulation center-based escape room activity designed to positively influence student learning.

Educational Activity And Setting: In this simulation, learners solve puzzles related to care of a critically ill patient. This activity was assessed via an assessment questionnaire (Kirkpatrick level 1), a pre/post learner knowledge quiz and learner self-assessment of skills and attitudes (Kirkpatrick level 2), and unstructured observation of learners upon return to the clinical environment (Kirkpatrick level 3).

Evolution of pharmacogenomic services and implementation of a multi-state pharmacogenomics clinic across a large rural healthcare system.

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) aims to maximize drug benefits while minimizing risk of toxicity. Although PGx has proven beneficial in many settings, clinical uptake lags. Lack of clinician confidence and limited availability of PGx testing can deter patients from completing PGx testing.

Complementary/Integrative Medicine Treatment and Prevention of Youth Psychosis.

The rationale for CIM treatments in youth psychoses is to optimize treatment by targeting symptoms not resolved by antipsychotics, such as negative symptoms (major drivers of disability). Adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) or N-acetyl cystine (NAC usage for > 24-week) can potentially reduce negative symptoms and improve function. ω-3 FA or exercise may prevent progression to psychosis in youth (in prodromal stage).

Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Group B Streptococcus Positive Obstetric Patients with Penicillin Allergy.

Introduction: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) positive patients with penicillin allergies receive intrapartum antibiotics for neonatal sepsis prophylaxis based on recommendations from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). The objective of this study was to determine which antibiotics are used in GBS positive patients with documented penicillin allergies and evaluate for antibiotic stewardship improvements at a tertiary hospital in the Midwestern U.S.

The effect of medication reconciliation on generating an accurate medication list in a pharmacogenomics practice.

Background: Medication reconciliation is recognized as a critically important medication safety element and a key initiative by multiple organizations. Within our precision medicine program, accurate medication lists are essential to our ability to make specific medication recommendations based on pharmacogenetic results. Our study aimed to identify discrepancies within the patient's medication list to improve medication management via genetic factors through a pharmacy team-based approach.

Impact of a Public Health Awareness Campaign on Patients' Perceptions of Expanded Pharmacy Services in South Dakota Using the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Background: Pharmacists can offer medication expertise to help better control diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improve patient outcomes, particularly in rural communities. This project evaluated the impact of an awareness campaign on perceptions of expanded pharmacy services. Methods: The “Your Pharmacists Knows” campaign included a 30-s commercial, print material, and media announcements.