Optimization of ionizable lipids for aerosolizable mRNA lipid nanoparticles.

Although mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are highly effective as vaccines, their efficacy for pulmonary delivery has not yet fully been established. A major barrier to this therapeutic goal is their instability during aerosolization for local delivery. This imparts a shear force that degrades the mRNA cargo and therefore reduces cell transfection.

Dry granulation of vitamin D3 and iron in corn starch matrix: Powder flow and structural properties.

In this work, a twin-screw dry granulation (TSDG) was adopted to produce vitamin D3 (VD3) and iron blended dry granules using corn starch as an excipient. Response surface methodology was applied to determine the effect of the formulation compositions (VD3 and iron) on granule properties [tapped bulk density, oil holding capacity, and volumetric mean particle size (D50)]. Results indicated that the model fitted well, and responses, in particular flow properties, were significantly affected by the composition.

Hepatic Encephalopathy: Thinking Beyond Ammonia.

Content available: Audio Recording.

In vivo induction of hepatic p-glycoprotein by cyclosporine in the rat.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the regulation of P-glycoprotein by cyclosporine, a known inhibitor of CYP3A, at different dosage levels and lengths of treatment. Rats were given various doses of cyclosporine through oral administration or subcutaneous injection. Each treatment group was studied for 28 days or 28 days followed by 14 days of olive oil vehicle dosing.