Dental caries in three-year-old preschool children in Lima, Peru assessed according to the CAST instrument.

The aim of this study was to determine the caries situation of three-year-old preschool children residing in low socioeconomic status districts in Lima, Peru. The study is a crosssectional analysis of the caries situation of suburban areas of Lima. A stratified sampling procedure by geographical distribution, considering healthcare centers with a motherand- child health clinic and surrounding preschools as factors, identified 45 randomly selected preschools, of which 17 accepted to participate.

Dental caries and oral health-related quality of life of 3-year-olds living in Lima, Peru.

Background: Untreated dental caries negatively impacts children and their families; the implication of which is best measured through assessing quality of life. Information related to Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Peruvian pre-school children is scarce.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between dental caries and the OHRQoL of 3-year-old children.

Bone Healing Improvements Using Hyaluronic Acid and Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in Combination: An Animal Study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the use of HLA as an aqueous binder of hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) particles can reduce the amount of bone graft needed and increase ease of handling in clinical situations. In this study, HA/TCP was loaded in commercially available crosslinking HLA to form a novel HLA/HA-TCP composite. Six New Zealand White rabbits (3.

Knowledge of Nairobi East District Community Health Workers concerning HIV-related orofacial lesions and other common oral lesions.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related orofacial lesions (HROLs) impact negatively on the health of patients and could be managed at primary healthcare (PHC) level. Community health workers (CHWs) are crucial in optimal patient management through patient identification, education and early referral for professional care. The study objective was to assess knowledge of Nairobi East district CHWs regarding HROLs and other common oral diseases.

Oral health training programs for community and professional health care workers in Nairobi East District increases identification of HIV-infected patients.

Background: Better knowledge and skills for diagnosis and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related oral lesions by primary healthcare workers (PHWs) may increase recognition of HIV-related oral lesions (HROLs) and may improve implementation of HIV testing in Kenya. For this purpose training programs at health facility and community level were evaluated.

Design And Methods: A pre-post control-test group design in two administrative divisions of Nairobi East District was used.

A Community-based Oral Health Promotion Model for HIV Patients in Nairobi, East District in Kenya: a Study Protocol.

Background: General HIV-related orofacial lesions, most commonly oropharyngeal candidiasis, have a typical clinical appearance and can be recognised by members of the community. Although affected patients often experience pain leading to compromised eating and swallowing, barriers such as social stigma and lack of knowledge regarding available services may prevent them from seeking early care. Educating the community about these lesions through community health workers (CHWs) who are democratically elected community members may encourage individuals affected to seek early oral healthcare in the health facilities.

Effect of Education of Primary Health Care Workers on HIV-related Oral Lesions in Nairobi East District.

Background: An estimated 90% of HIV-infected people are likely to develop oral lesions in the course of HIV infection. Oro-pharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), an early marker for HIV-infection, can be diagnosed during an oral examination (OE). Primary healthcare (PHC) providers in Kenya are neither trained nor sufficiently equipped to perform this simple, cheap and non-invasive examination.

Routine oral examination: clinical vignettes, a promising tool for continuing professional development?

Objectives: To develop content for an educational system for dental professionals to be used for patient-tailored evidence-based decisions regarding routine oral examinations (ROEs) and to test the model as a tool in dental education.

Methods: Initially, an electronic database was developed comprising conclusive data of a structured literature search and 27 ROE clinical cases which were selected on predefined criteria. A RAND-modified Delphi procedure was successfully conducted with 31 multidisciplinary dental experts.

Impact of guideline implementation on patient care: a cluster RCT.

In Western European countries, dentists use standardized procedures, rather than individualized risk assessment, for routine oral examinations. The predictive hypothesis was that guideline implementation strategies based on multifaceted interventions would be more effective in patient care than the dissemination of guidelines only. A cluster-randomized trial was conducted, with groups of general dental practitioners (GDPs) as the unit of randomization.

Routine oral examinations in primary care: which predictors determine what is done? A prospective clinical case recording study.

Objectives: Elements of a routine oral examination (ROE) in dental practice may be determined by patients' oral status, as recommended by prevailing knowledge, as well as by other factors. Our aim was to identify patient and GDP characteristics associated with aspects of oral health assessment (OHA) and clinical management (CM) in patients with various oral conditions.

Methods: A prospective observational study was performed, based on clinical case recording of 1059 ROEs by 128 GDPs.

Routine oral examination: clinical performance and management by general dental practitioners in primary care.

The aim of this clinical study was to explore the contents of routine oral examinations (ROE), carried out by Dutch general dental practitioners (GDPs), in relation to the oral health status of regularly attending patients. An observational study was performed, based on clinical case recording. Using The Data Station Project of the Dutch Dental Association as the study base, 215 GDPs were recruited, of whom 131 participated in the study.

A cluster randomised controlled trial in primary dental care based intervention to improve professional performance on routine oral examinations and the management of asymptomatic impacted third molars: study protocol.

Background: Routine oral examination (ROE) refers to periodic monitoring of the general and oral health status of patients. In most developed Western countries a decreasing prevalence of oral diseases underpins the need for a more individualised approach in assigning individualised recall intervals for regular attendees instead of systematic fixed intervals. From a quality-of-care perspective, the effectiveness of the widespread prophylactic removal of mandibular impacted asymptomatic third molars (MIM) in adolescents and adults is also questionable.

Predictors of recall assignment decisions by general dental practitioners performing routine oral examinations.

The aim of this study was to explore the decision-making behavior of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in performing routine oral examinations (ROEs). Change over time was studied by comparing data from a cohort sample of participants in two surveys in 2000 and 2005. A written questionnaire was sent to 809 dentists (509 responses were obtained) and 475 (61%) were used for analysis.

Insufficient evidence to support or refute the need for 6-monthly dental check-ups. What is the optimal recall frequency between dental checks?

Data Sources: Trials were sourced using the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline and Embase. Reference lists from relevant articles were scanned and the authors of some papers were contacted to identify further trials and obtain additional information.

Study Selection: Trials were selected if they met the following criteria:design: random allocation of participants;participants: all children and adults receiving dental check-ups in primary-care settings, irrespective of their level of risk for oral disease;interventions: recall intervals for either clinical examination only, clinical examination plus scale and polish, clinical examination plus preventive advice, clinical examination plus scale and polish plus preventive advice, no recall interval/patient-driven attendance (which may be symptomatic), or clinician risk-based recall intervals;outcomes: clinical status outcomes for dental caries including, but not limited to, mean dmft/DMFT, dmfs/DMFS scores, caries increment, filled teeth (including replacement restorations), early carious lesions (arrested or reversed); periodontal disease (including, but not limited to, plaque, calculus, gingivitis, periodontitis, change in probing depth, and attachment level); oral mucosa (presence or absence of mucosal lesions, potentially malignant lesions, cancerous lesions, and size and stage of cancerous lesions at diagnosis).

Routine oral examination: differences in characteristics of Dutch general dental practitioners related to type of recall interval.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore differences in behaviour (characteristics and opinions) among general dental practitioners (GDPs), using either a fixed (Fx) or an individualized recall interval (Iv) between successive routine oral examinations (ROEs).

Methods: In the year 2000, data were collected by means of a written questionnaire sent to a random stratified sample of 610 dentists of whom 521 responded, of which 508 (83%) were used for analysis.

Results: Two groups of GDPs were distinguished based on their answer to the question: 'Do you apply for all patients a fixed recall interval between two successive ROEs?' Fifty-one per cent of the GDPs (n=257) applied Fxs for all patients, generally for a period of 6 months.