37,684 results match your criteria: "College of Nuclear Science & Technology[Affiliation]"

In our previous study, we identified a Short Interspersed Nuclear Element Retrotransposon Insertion Polymorphism (SINE-RIP) within the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the Phospholipase A2 Group XVI (PLA2G16) gene, which is essential in lipid metabolism. In this study, we confirmed the presence of this 280 bp SINE insertion and examined its distribution across ten distinct pig breeds using PCR and sequencing. Subsequently, RT-PCR was employed to determine its potential for co-transcription.

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Unlabelled: and are recognized as significant opportunistic pathogens affecting aquatic animals and humans. However, their infections in amphibians are poorly documented, and their pathogenicity to the Chinese spiny frog () remains unexplored. This study investigated an outbreak of putrid-skin disease among on a farm in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, China.

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ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein ATRX is an essential regulator involved in maintenance of DNA structure and chromatin state and regulation of gene expression during development. ATRX was originally identified as the monogenic cause of X-linked α-thalassemia mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome. Affected individuals display a variety of developmental abnormalities and skeletal deformities.

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As the catalytic subunit of the Elongator complex, Elongator protein 3 (Elp3) plays a crucial role in multiple physiological processes, including growth, development and immune responses. Previous studies on Elp3 have focused on Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens (human) or Mus musculus (mouse), whereas there are few reports on Elp3 in agricultural pests. Here, the role of TcElp3 in reproduction in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were explored.

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PIM1 instigates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to aggravate atherosclerosis.

Theranostics

January 2025

Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Shandong, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process where endothelial cells transform into a different cell type, contributing to the dysfunction that initiates atherosclerosis, but the exact triggers in atherosclerotic environments are not well understood.
  • Research involving single-cell sequencing in mice on a high-fat diet showed that PIM1, a protein, is expressed in both endothelial cells and atherosclerotic lesions and plays a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis.
  • Knockdown of PIM1 in endothelial cells reduced atherosclerosis and EndMT by affecting key proteins and pathways associated with cell transformation, suggesting that targeting this pathway could be a potential therapeutic approach.
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Accessing the underlying genetics of complex traits, especially in small grain pulses is an important breeding objective for crop improvement. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analyze thousands of genetic variants across several genomes to identify links with specific traits. This approach has discovered many strong associations between genes and traits, and the number of associated variants is expected to continue to increase as GWAS sample sizes increase.

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  • The study investigates the anti-cancer and anti-bacterial properties of medicinal plant extracts, focusing on two specific herbs, through various extraction methods.
  • The extracted compounds were tested against methicillin-resistant bacteria and various cancer cell lines, showing significant antibacterial activity and effective dose-dependent anti-cancer effects.
  • Findings revealed the presence of active metabolites that may serve as potential therapeutic agents, paving the way for future research into their applications in treating infections and cancer.
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  • Mitochondrial fission and mitophagy are crucial for understanding myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but their regulatory mechanisms are not well understood.
  • Elevated Nr4a1 levels after myocardial IR injury correlate with worse cardiac function, increased cell death, inflammation, and endothelial issues, while Nr4a1-knockout mice show protection and better mitochondrial health.
  • Targeting Nr4a1 to balance mitochondrial fission and mitophagy could provide new therapeutic options to improve heart health during ischemic conditions.
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The role of oxidative stress metabolism during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation potentially allows for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of oxidative stress activity for early and precise HCC detection. However, there is currently limited data available on oxidative-stress-related PET imaging for longitudinal monitoring of the pathophysiological changes during HCC formation. This work aimed to explore PET-based longitudinal monitoring of oxidative stress metabolism and determine the sensitivity of [18F]-5-fluoroaminosuberic acid ([18F]FASu) for assessing pathophysiological processes in diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced rat HCC.

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Introduction: Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) represent a rare and diagnostically challenging group of tumors. This systematic review aims to summarize the reported molecular and immunohistochemical markers (IHC) associated with AMNs and compare them with ovarian mucinous neoplasms (OMNs) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC).

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE/PMC, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies looking at IHC and molecular markers in AMNs.

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Iron homeostasis is strictly related to numerous physiological pathways including cell cycle progression and cell growth. The newest anticancer strategies focus on either depleting the cells with a suitable chelator or increasing their loading by administering iron complexes to induce ferroptosis. Iron depletion inhibits cell proliferation, while iron overload induces the damage of guanine nucleobases in G-quadruplex structures via ROS generation, leading to genome instability.

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Ferritin-based hybrid macromolecules experience unusual shift of stoichiometry distribution.

Int J Biol Macromol

December 2024

Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation; Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russian Federation. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Ferritin-based hybrids are large macromolecules with potential uses in drug delivery and vaccines, but their design is complicated.
  • Researchers designed hybrids using ferritin from Helicobacter pylori and a Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier, discovering that their assembly was influenced by varying preparation methods.
  • They developed a quantitative model to analyze how different stoichiometries affected the structure of these hybrids, revealing unexpected patterns and establishing a framework for better design of ferritin-based systems.
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Effect of extracellular vesicles derived from oviductal and uterine fluid on the development of porcine preimplantation embryos.

Theriogenology

March 2025

College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

To improve the efficiency of in-vitro-produced (IVP) porcine embryos, we focused on the events that usually occur during in-vivo embryonic transit from the oviduct to the uterus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by different mammalian cells and are imperative for intercellular communication and reflect the cell's physiological state. Based on these characteristics, EVs were isolated from oviductal and uterine fluid to imitate the in vivo environment and improve the efficiency of IVP embryos.

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Natural products as Nrf2 modulators for ferroptosis inhibition in renal disease therapy: Recent progress and future prospects.

Phytomedicine

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, 519000, China. Electronic address:

Background: The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NFE2L2) is a pivotal regulator of redox balance, metabolism, protein homeostasis and inflammation. Nrf2 is critically involved in both ferroptosis and renal diseases, and may serve as a significant target for many natural products in the treatment of renal diseases. However, a comprehensive overview on this topic is still lacking.

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Low phytate level is a desirable trait because it promotes mineral bioavailability and thus offers a solution to tackle mineral deficiencies. The objectives of the present study were to characterize low phytate (lpa) Basmati rice mutants for the identification of novel mutations in target gene(s) and to develop a PCR-based CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) marker for low phytate Basmati rice. For this purpose, cultivar Super Basmati (Q4) was irradiated with gamma rays (Co source) and three mutants named Q1 (lpa-5-9), Q2 (lpa-9-13), and Q3 (lpa-59-14) were isolated.

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Article Synopsis
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) shows resistance to immunotherapy, and m7G RNA modifications play a significant role in tumor growth and immune evasion.
  • The study investigates how METTL1 influences m7G levels on PKM mRNA, leading to increased PKM2 protein expression and subsequent tumor progression through enhanced glycolysis and immune evasion mechanisms.
  • Findings highlight METTL1 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC, suggesting that manipulating its signaling pathways could improve immunotherapy outcomes.
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Background: Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) represent a promising approach for replicating the characteristics of original tumors and facilitating drug testing for personalized treatments across diverse cancer types. However, clinical evidence regarding their application to esophageal cancer remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of implementing PDOs in clinical practice to benefit patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

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Sertaconazole, an Imidazole Antifungal Agent, Suppresses the Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Stat3 Signaling.

In Vivo

December 2024

Graduate Program for Bio-health/Innovative Drug Development using Subtropical Bio-Resources, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea;

Background/aim: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that play a role in therapeutic resistance. In this study, we demonstrated that sertaconazole, an antifungal agent, displayed a potent inhibition on cancer stem cells (CSCs) and investigated the mechanism of action involved in its anti-BCSC effect.

Materials And Methods: The effect of sertaconazole on BCSCs was investigated using a mammosphere formation assay, a colony formation assay, and a cell migration assay.

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Structural insights into the biochemical mechanism of the E2/E3 hybrid enzyme UBE2O.

Structure

December 2024

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

The E2/E3 hybrid enzyme UBE2O plays important roles in key biological events, but its autoubiquitination mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of full-length (FL) UBE2O from Trametes pubescens (tp) and its ubiquitin-conjugating (UBC) domain. The dimeric FL-tpUBE2O structure revealed interdomain interactions between the conserved regions (CR1-CR2) and UBC.

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Enhancing hexavalent chromium stable reduction via sodium alginate encapsulation of newly isolated fungal and bacterial consortia.

J Hazard Mater

December 2024

School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China; Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China. Electronic address:

Chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced soil pollution is a serious environmental threat. Bioremediation utilizes specific microbes capable of transforming Cr(VI) into the less toxic Cr(III), however, microbial efficacy can be inhibited by elevated pollutant concentrations and competition from indigenous microbial communities. Thus, this study explored the potential of single and multi-domain microbial consortia encapsulated in alginate to overcome these shortcomings.

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Subtypes of brain change in aging and their associations with cognition and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

Neurobiol Aging

December 2024

Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway.

Structural brain changes underlie cognitive changes and interindividual variability in cognition in older age. By using structural MRI data-driven clustering, we aimed to identify subgroups of cognitively unimpaired older adults based on brain change patterns and assess how changes in cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume relate to cognitive change. We tested (1) which brain structural changes predict cognitive change (2) whether these are associated with core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, and (3) the degree of overlap between clusters derived from different structural modalities in 1899 cognitively healthy older adults followed up to 16 years.

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More Than the Sum of Its Parts: Disrupted Core Periphery of Multiplex Brain Networks in Multiple Sclerosis.

Hum Brain Mapp

January 2025

Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.

Disruptions to brain networks, measured using structural (sMRI), diffusion (dMRI), or functional (fMRI) MRI, have been shown in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), highlighting the relevance of regions in the core of the connectome but yielding mixed results depending on the studied connectivity domain. Using a multilayer network approach, we integrated these three modalities to portray an enriched representation of the brain's core-periphery organization and explore its alterations in PwMS. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we selected PwMS and healthy controls with complete multimodal brain MRI acquisitions from 13 European centers within the MAGNIMS network.

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ATM/ATR-Mediated DNA Damage Response Facilitates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Induced Syncytium Formation.

J Med Virol

January 2025

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.

Multinucleated cells are present in lung tissues of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Although the spike protein can cause the fusion of infected cells and ACE2-expressing cells to form syncytia and induce damage, how host cell responses to this damage and the role of DNA damage response (DDR) signals in cell fusion are still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the fusion of homologous and heterologous cells expressing ACE2 in vitro models, focusing on the protein levels of ATR and ATM, the major kinases responding to DNA damage, and their substrates CHK1 and CHK2.

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Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease, posing a high risk of mortality. Sphingomyelin, a sphingolipid synthesized by sphingomyelin synthases (SMSs) 1 and 2, plays an essential role in signal transduction as a component of lipid rafts. However, the role of sphingomyelin in the inflammation of ischemic skeletal muscles remains unclear.

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