mGluR1 Regulates the Interspike Interval Threshold for Dendritic Ca Transients in the Cerebellar Purkinje Cells.

Ca+ transients can be observed in the distal dendrites of Purkinje cells (PCs) despite their lack of action potential backpropagation. These Ca+ events in distal dendrites require specific patterns of PC firing, such as complex spikes (CS) or simple spikes (SS) of burst mode. Unlike CS, which can act directly on voltage-gated calcium channels in the dendrites through climbing fiber inputs, the condition that can produce the Ca+ events in distal dendrites with burst mode SS is poorly understood.

Estimation of groundwater recharge variability using a GIS-based distributed water balance model in Makutupora basin, Tanzania.

Groundwater recharge estimation in the Makutupora basin (1500 km) is vital considering the potentiality of the basin to Dodoma city. This study aims to apply the WetSpass model to estimate the long-term average seasonal (dry and wet) and annual groundwater recharge for the Makutupora basin. Data required for this study were biophysical data (topography, land use, soil, slope, and depth to the groundwater) and long-term hydro-meteorological data (2000-2020).

In vitro antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of polar leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina.

Background: Plants are able to deliver a huge number of differing bioactive compounds which may supplement the requirements of the human body by acting as natural antioxidants. Antioxidants are mindful for the defense component of the life form against the pathologies related to the assault of free radicals. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the qualitative phytochemical composition of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract and its antioxidant activity.

Influence of the Addition of Vital Wheat Gluten on Thermal and Rheological Properties of Triticale Flour.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of vital wheat gluten to triticale flour on its thermal and rheological properties. In the tested systems (TG), triticale flour from Belcanto grain was replaced with vital wheat gluten in the amounts of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Wheat flour (WF) and triticale flour (TF) were also tested.

Experience of chinese counter-marching nurses with COVID-19 patients' death in Wuhan: a qualitative study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was occurring worldwide with over a 6.5 million deaths. It's important to explore the instructions for the global nursing community by identifying the personal coping methods of Chinese nurses in Wuhan to deal with patient deaths.

Using organo-mineral complex material to prevent the migration of soil Cd and As into crops: An agricultural practice and chemical mechanism study.

The migration and transformations of Cd and As in soil are different, so it is difficult to simultaneously control them. In this study, an organo-mineral complex (OMC) material was prepared using modified palygorskite and chicken manure, the Cd and As adsorption capacities and mechanism of the OMC were explored, and the response of the crop to the OMC was clarified. The results show that the maximum Cd and As adsorption capacities of the OMC under pH values of 6-8 are 12.

Analysis of mathematical model involving nonlinear systems of Caputo-Fabrizio fractional differential equation.

In this paper, we consider a mathematical model of a coronavirus disease involving the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative by dividing the total population into the susceptible population , the vaccinated population , the infected population , the recovered population , and the death class . A core goal of this study is the analysis of the solution of a proposed mathematical model involving nonlinear systems of Caputo-Fabrizio fractional differential equations. With the help of Lipschitz hypotheses, we have built sufficient conditions and inequalities to analyze the solutions to the model.

Impact of land use land cover changes on ecosystem service values in the Dire and Legedadi watersheds, central highlands of Ethiopia: Implication for landscape management decision making.

Land use land cover change in a landscape is the main driver of degradation in ecosystem goods and services. This study was aimed at analysing the dynamics of the LULC change in the catchments of the water supply reservoirs as well as the impact on the Ecosystem Service Values (ESVs) between 1985 and 2022. The benefit transfer method was used to evaluate ecosystem service value (ESV) changes in response to LULC.

A modified and rapid method for the single-well push-pull (SWPP) test using SF, Kr, and uranine tracers.

In the present study, a single-well push-pull (SWPP) test was conducted with multi-component tracers, including inert gas (SF and Kr) and uranine (conservative), to understand the volatile/semi-volatile component transport characteristics in the groundwater system. In an SWPP test, it is essential to obtain an initial breakthrough curve (BTC) of the inert gas concentration at the beginning of the pulling stage to analyze the hydraulic properties of the groundwater system. As a result of the SWPP test using a proposed method in this study, physicochemical parameters of the groundwater and BTC of gas tracers and uranine were acquired simultaneously and successfully.

sp. nov., isolated from plastic waste landfill soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented and facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated strain U1, was isolated from plastic dumped soil sampled in the Republic of Korea. Cell of strain U1 were non-motile rods showing catalase-negative and oxidase-positive activities. Strain U1 was shown to grow at 10-37 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C) and pH 6.

Green synthesis of multi-functional carbon dots from medicinal plant leaves for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and bioimaging applications.

In this research work, carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from the renewable leaves of an indigenous medicinal plant by the one-pot sand bath method, Azadirachta indica. The synthesized CDs were characterized for its optical properties using UV-Vis, Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry and for structural properties using dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The synthesized CDs exhibited concentration dependent biocompatibility when tested in mouse fibroblast L929 cell line.

Nationwide sample data analysis of additional surgery rate after anterior or posterior cervical spinal surgery.

Surgical outcomes of degenerative cervical spinal disease are dependent on the selection of surgical techniques. Although a standardized decision cannot be made in an actual clinical setting, continued education is provided to standardize the medical practice among surgeons. Therefore, it is necessary to supervise and regularly update overall surgical outcomes.

Changes in the Incidence of Immune Thrombocytopenia in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era: A Nationwide Observational Study in Korea.

Purpose: We investigated whether nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPI) to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was associated with a change in the incidence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Patients And Methods: Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services (HIRA) database, individuals newly diagnosed with ITP between January 2015 and December 2020 were identified. The NPI period was defined as February 2020 to December 2020.

sp. nov., isolated from ginseng soil.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, cream-coloured strain (G124) was isolated from ginseng soil collected in Yeongju, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain G124 belongs to a distinct lineage within the genus (family , order and class ). Strain G124 was closely related to THG-T61 (98.

Asymptomatic and submicroscopic malaria infections in sugar cane and rice development areas of Ethiopia.

Background: Water resource development projects such as dams and irrigation schemes have a positive impact on food security and poverty reduction but might result in increased prevalence of malaria.

Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the dry and wet seasons in irrigated and non-irrigated clusters of Arjo sugarcane and Gambella rice development areas of Ethiopia in 2019. A total of 4464 and 2176 blood samples were collected from Arjo and Gambella.

Phosphatidylserine-Exposing Annexin A1-Positive Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Cancer Biomarkers.

Under physiological conditions, phosphatidylserine (PS) predominantly localizes to the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane of cells. During apoptosis, PS is exposed on the cell surface and serves as an "eat-me" signal for macrophages to prevent releasing self-immunogenic cellular components from dying cells which could potentially lead to autoimmunity. However, increasing evidence indicates that viable cells can also expose PS on their surface.

scRNA-Seq and imaging mass cytometry analyses unveil iNKT cells-mediated anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer liver metastasis.

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T cells that are abundant in liver sinusoids and play a critical role in tumor immunity. However, the role of iNKT cells in pancreatic cancer liver metastasis (PCLM) has not been fully explored. In this study, we employed a hemi-spleen pancreatic tumor cell injection mouse model of PCLM, a model that closely mimics clinical conditions in humans, to explore the role of iNKT cells in PCLM.

Under (back) pressure: Better collateral flow may facilitate clot removal in ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Collateral status may facilitate clot removal and affect rates of successful reperfusion following endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review of the English language literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Papers which focused on collateral status and patients treated with EVT for AIS were included in our analysis.

Controlled Growth of Semiconducting ZnO Nanorods for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting-Based Nanogenerators.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their piezoelectric properties and potential applications in energy harvesting, sensing, and nanogenerators. Piezoelectric energy harvesting-based nanogenerators have emerged as promising new devices capable of converting mechanical energy into electric energy via nanoscale characterizations such as piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). This technique was used to study the piezoresponse generated when an electric field was applied to the nanorods using a PFM probe.

Protective Effect of Extract against UVB-Induced Photodamage in Keratinocytes.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays disrupt the skin by causing photodamage via processes such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, DNA damage, and/or collagen degradation. is an evergreen tree native to the southern Korean peninsula. Although it is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, its protective effect against photodamage in keratinocytes has not been investigated.

Application of Emerging Techniques in Reduction of the Sugar Content of Fruit Juice: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.

In light of the growing interest in products with reduced sugar content, there is a need to consider reducing the natural sugar concentration in juices while preserving the initial concentration of nutritional compounds. This paper reviewed the current state of knowledge related to mixing juices, membrane processes, and enzymatic processes in producing fruit juices with reduced concentrations of sugars. The limitations and challenges of these methods are also reviewed, including the losses of nutritional ingredients in membrane processes and the emergence of side products in enzymatic processes.

IL9 Polarizes Macrophages to M1 and Induces the Infiltration of Antitumor Immune Cells via MIP-1 and CXCR3 Chemokines.

Unlabelled: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are involved in tumor progression, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Because TAMs are highly plastic and could alter their phenotypes to proinflammatory M1 in response to environmental stimuli, reeducating TAMs has emerged as a promising approach to overcoming the challenges of solid cancer treatment. This study investigated the effect of IL9 on macrophage M1 polarization and verified its antitumor potential to retrain TAMs and promote chemokine secretion.

Characterization of radiation-resistance mechanism in Spirosoma montaniterrae DY10 in terms of transcriptional regulatory system.

To respond to the external environmental changes for survival, bacteria regulates expression of a number of genes including transcription factors (TFs). To characterize complex biological phenomena, a biological system-level approach is necessary. Here we utilized six computational biology methods to infer regulatory network and to characterize underlying biologically mechanisms relevant to radiation-resistance.