Hip Strength Is Greater in Athletes Who Subsequently Develop Patellofemoral Pain.

Background: Hip and knee strength abnormalities have been implicated in patellofemoral pain (PFP) in multiple studies. However, the relationship is unclear, as many of these studies have been retrospective.

Purpose: To compare prospective hip and knee isokinetic strength in young female athletes who subsequently went on to develop PFP relative to their uninjured, healthy peers.

Diagnostic Differences for Anterior Knee Pain between Sexes in Adolescent Basketball Players.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a sex difference in the prevalence of specific patellofemoral disorders that cause anterior knee pain in adolescent basketball players undergoing pre-participation screening.

Methods: Setting: Biomechanical Laboratory.

Methods: Participants: A total of 810 (688 female and 122 male) basketball players from a single county public school district.

Analysis of patient-reported anterior knee pain scale: implications for scale development in children and adolescents.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to estimate and document the reliability and validity of the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) and to estimate its relative prediction accuracy of anterior knee pain in young females.

Methods: Data from a prospective, epidemiologic study to diagnose patellofemoral knee pain among female athletes (n = 499) using the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS). Data were treated in 4 phases (descriptive phase, reliability phase, scale refinement phase) and a final validation stage that was focused on an effort to test and document the validation of the AKPS short form and perform head-to-head comparisons of the 6-item short form with the original, 13-item form.

Alternative method for determination of contaminated heparin using chiral recognition.

Since 2008 a significant amount of work has focused on the development of methods to analyze contaminated heparin. This work focuses on utilizing heparin's ability to serve as a chiral selector as a means for determining contamination. Specifically, the effect of contamination on the separation of pheniramine and chloroquine enantiomers was explored.

Injury initiates unfavourable weight gain and obesity markers in youth.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of knee injuries with subsequent changes in body mass index and body composition during maturation in young females.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal study design was employed to evaluate young females active in soccer or basketball (N=862). Participants who completed at least 1-year follow-up to provide consecutive annual measures of BMIZ and %fat were included in the study analysis to determine the effect of knee injuries on the trajectory of these obesity markers in youth.

Research ethics and Institutional Review Boards. The influence of moral constraints on emotion research.

Researchers in the twenty-first century face a set of challenges unknown to researchers a half century ago--the need to justify the moral acceptability of their research methods through formal review processes. However, the role that moral constraints play in the development and demise of scientific theories has largely gone unappreciated. The rise of Institutional Review Boards (IRB) in the 1960s compounded the impact of moral constraints on scientific research and on the theories that develop out of such highly monitored research.

Separability between overall and internal motion: a protein folding problem.

The separability between overall and internal motions is evaluated over multiple folding trajectories of the villin headpiece subdomain. The analysis, which relies on the Prompers-Brüschweiler separability index, offers a potentially useful perspective on protein folding. The protein is considered folded in this study, not when it reaches some static target, but rather when it tumbles as a dynamically constrained object.

NMR order parameters calculated in an expanding reference frame: identifying sites of short- and long-range motion.

NMR order parameters are calculated from molecular dynamics computer simulations of ubiquitin and the apo (Ca(2+)-free) state of calbindin D(9k). Calculations are performed in an expanding reference frame so as to discriminate between the effects of short- and long-range motions. This approach reveals that the dominant contributions to the order parameters are short-range.

Solving the aerodynamics of fungal flight: how air viscosity slows spore motion.

Viscous drag causes the rapid deceleration of fungal spores after high-speed launches and limits discharge distance. Stokes' law posits a linear relationship between drag force and velocity. It provides an excellent fit to experimental measurements of the terminal velocity of free-falling spores and other instances of low Reynolds number motion (Re<1).

Why mushrooms form gills: efficiency of the lamellate morphology.

Gilled mushrooms are produced by multiple orders within the Agaricomycetes. Some species form a single array of unbranched radial gills beneath their caps, many others produce multiple files of lamellulae between the primary gills, and branched gills are also common. In this largely theoretical study we modeled the effects of different gill arrangements on the total surface area for spore production.

UNICEF, syphilis and the state: negotiating female citizenship in the post-Second World War world.

Few charitable organizations have achieved the status of global recognition enjoyed by UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund, which embodies the international effort to provide for needy children the world over. Created because of its synchronicity with the United Nations' stated purpose—to maintain peace in the world—UNICEF launched its operations in 1946. Its founding, early operations and eventual restructuring reveal a great deal about concurrent political and economic events, but also provide keen insight into international ideas about who qualified for full citizenship in the post-war world.

How far and how fast can mushroom spores fly? Physical limits on ballistospore size and discharge distance in the Basidiomycota.

Active discharge of basidiospores in most species of Basidiomycota is powered by the rapid movement of a droplet of fluid, called Buller's drop, over the spore surface. This paper is concerned with the operation of the launch mechanism in species with the largest and smallest ballistospores. Aleurodiscus gigasporus (Russulales) produces the largest basidiospores on record.

A policy capturing investigation of battered women's decisions to stay in violent relationships.

Based on theories of social exchange and cognitive decision-making, the current research was an initial attempt to analyze battered and nonbattered women's decision-making processes using a policy capturing methodology. Participants included 28 battered and 30 nonbattered women who responded to several questionnaires and vignettes about violent relationships. Overall, both groups of women reported they would be unlikely to stay in the described relationships.

Second-degree, entry-into-practice master's of nursing program: lessons learned.

The accelerated, second-degree option, entry-into-practice master's of nursing degree poses a unique educational opportunity to place more highly qualified nurses at the bedside. The authors discuss one school of nursing's program and lessons learned after reviewing data collected on program implementation over a 3-year period.

Reactions in water: alkyl nitrile coupling reactions using Fenton's reagent.

The coupling reaction of water-soluble alkyl nitriles using Fenton's reagent (Fe(II) and H2O2) is described. The best metal for the reaction is iron(II), and the greatest yields are obtained when the concentration of the metal is kept low. Hydrogen-atom abstraction is selective, preferentially producing the radical alpha to the nitrile.

Changes associated with a quota-based approach on a walking program for individuals with fibromyalgia.

Study Design: Single-subject, multiple-baseline design across 3 subjects.

Objective: To investigate the use of a quota-based approach to prescribing a walking program for individuals with fibromyalgia (FM).

Background: Exercise has been found to be beneficial for individuals with FM.

Entomological reactions to Darwin's theory in the nineteenth century.

Charles Darwin first became interested in entomology during his childhood, and this interest grew into a beetle-collecting obsession during his college days. Following the voyage of the Beagle, his focus on insects shifted from collecting specimens to searching for insect observations that supported his theory of natural selection as proposed in On the Origin of Species. Initially, Darwin believed that entomologists were opposed to his views.

Taking the class to the community with service-learning: gerontological macro social work practice.

In an effort to infuse gerontological content throughout a BSW curriculum, the College of Mount St. Joseph developed community partnerships with agencies that serve older adults. These partnerships led to specific "out-of-class" assignments in a macro social work practice class using a service-learning approach.

Native language predictors of foreign language proficiency and foreign language aptitude.

Fifty-four students were tested at specific time intervals over 10 years to determine best native language (NL) predictors of oral and written foreign language (FL) proficiency and FL aptitude. All participants completed two years of Spanish, French, or German. Each was administered measures of NL literacy, oral language, and cognitive ability in elementary school.

Twice-weekly complete decongestive physical therapy in the management of secondary lymphedema of the lower extremities.

Background And Purpose: This case report describes the physical therapist examination, evaluation, and intervention for a patient with bilateral lower-extremity lymphedema who received complete decongestive physical therapy 2 days per week instead of the recommended daily frequency.

Case Description: The patient was a 55-year-old woman who developed bilateral lower-extremity grade II lymphedema 3 years after surgery and radiation for cervical cancer. She had impairments in hip and knee flexion range of motion and functional limitations in transfers, gait, and activities of daily living.

Relationship between temperature optima and secreted protease activities of three Pythium species and pathogenicity toward plant and animal hosts.

The in vitro physiological characteristics of three species of Pythium (oomycetes) that utilize different food sources were compared with their ecological activities: P. insidiosum is a pathogen of mammals (including humans), P. graminicola infects the roots of graminaceous hosts, and P.

Generational diversity: teaching and learning approaches.

Nursing students represent multiple generations--Baby Boomers, Generation X, and now the Millennials. Each generation has its own set of values, ideas, ethics, beliefs, and learning styles. The authors describe the context, characteristics, and learning styles of each generation and provide suggestions for enhanced teaching and learning across multiple generations.

Sex offender notification and protective behavior.

A primary purpose of sex offender community notification statutes is to give community members the opportunity to engage in precautionary behavior to prevent victimization. This exploratory study examines the effect of notification by comparing the behavior of 87 Hamilton County, Ohio, residents receiving sex offender notification to the behavior of 149 other residents who had not received notification. The findings indicate that notified respondents are significantly more likely to engage in behaviors to protect themselves and others from victimization, and to engage in community reporting behavior.

Students classified as LD and the college foreign language requirement: a quantitative analysis.

This study was conducted to determine whether students classified as learning disabled (LD) who were permitted to substitute courses for the college foreign language (FL) requirement at one university would display significant cognitive and academic achievement differences when grouped by level of discrepancy between IQ and achievement, by discrepancy between achievement according to different measures, and by level of performance on phonological-orthographic processing measures, on the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT), and in FL courses. Results showed that there were no differences among students with different levels of discrepancy (i.e.

Comparison of students classified as LD who petitioned for or fulfilled the college foreign language requirement.

In this study, we compared the cognitive, academic achievement, and demographic profiles of 46 students from one university who had been classified as learning disabled (LD) and had received permission to substitute courses for the university's foreign language (FL) requirement (petition group) with the profiles of 21 students from the same university who had been classified as LD and had fulfilled the university's FL requirement by passing FL courses (nonpetition group). Results showed no significant differences between the two groups on measures of reading, mathematics, written language, American College Testing score, and graduating grade point average when IQ was used as a covariate. More petition than nonpetition students had at least a 1.