Prostaglandin E2 Inhibition of IL-27 Production in Murine Dendritic Cells: A Novel Mechanism That Involves IRF1.

IL-27, a multifunctional cytokine produced by APCs, antagonizes inflammation by affecting conventional dendritic cells (cDC), inducing IL-10, and promoting development of regulatory Tr1 cells. Although the mechanisms involved in IL-27 induction are well studied, much less is known about the factors that negatively impact IL-27 expression. PGE, a major immunomodulatory prostanoid, acts as a proinflammatory agent in several models of inflammatory/autoimmune disease, promoting primarily Th17 development and function.

Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of proteins involved in protein folding and maturation whose expression is induced by heat shock or other stressors. The major groups are classified based on their molecular weights and include HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and large HSPs. HSPs play a significant role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and carcinogenesis.

Unique aspects of the developing lung circulation: structural development and regulation of vasomotor tone.

This review summarizes our current knowledge on lung vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during normal lung development and the regulation of fetal and postnatal pulmonary vascular tone. In comparison to that of the adult, the pulmonary circulation of the fetus and newborn displays many unique characteristics. Moreover, altered development of pulmonary vasculature plays a more prominent role in compromised pulmonary vasoreactivity than in the adult.

Does Spatial Access to Primary Care Affect Emergency Department Utilization for Nonemergent Conditions?

Objective: To examine the contributions of individual- and neighborhood-level spatial access to care to the utilization of emergency departments (EDs) for preventable conditions through implementation of novel local spatial access measures.

Data Sources/study Setting: Emergency department admissions data are from four HealthLNK member hospitals in Chicago from 2007 to 2011. Primary care physician office and clinic locations were obtained from the American Medical Association and the City of Chicago.

Virtual surgical planning and 3D printing in prosthetic orbital reconstruction with percutaneous implants: a technical case report.

Osseointegrated titanium implants to the cranial skeleton for retention of facial prostheses have proven to be a reliable replacement for adhesive systems. However, improper placement of the implants can jeopardize prosthetic outcomes, and long-term success of an implant-retained prosthesis. Three-dimensional (3D) computer imaging, virtual planning, and 3D printing have become accepted components of the preoperative planning and design phase of treatment.

Biomechanical evaluation of DTRAX(®) posterior cervical cage stabilization with and without lateral mass fixation.

Introduction: Lateral mass screw (LMS) fixation with plates or rods is the current standard procedure for posterior cervical fusion. Recently, implants placed between the facet joints have become available as an alternative to LMS or transfacet screws for patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical stability of the DTRAX(®) cervical cage for single- and two-level fusion and compare this to the stability achieved with LMS fixation with rods in a two-level construct.

Bilateral posterior cervical cages provide biomechanical stability: assessment of stand-alone and supplemental fixation for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Introduction: Supplemental posterior instrumentation has been widely used to enhance stability and improve fusion rates in higher risk patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). These typically involve posterior lateral mass or pedicle screw fixation with significant inherent risks and morbidities. More recently, cervical cages placed bilaterally between the facet joints (posterior cervical cages) have been used as a less disruptive alternative for posterior fixation.

Mycophenolate mofetil versus oral cyclophosphamide in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SLS II): a randomised controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial.

Background: 12 months of oral cyclophosphamide has been shown to alter the progression of scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease when compared with placebo. However, toxicity was a concern and without continued treatment the efficacy disappeared by 24 months. We hypothesised that a 2 year course of mycophenolate mofetil would be safer, better tolerated, and produce longer lasting improvements than cyclophosphamide.

Life's Simple 7's Cardiovascular Health Metrics are Associated with Hispanic/Latino Neurocognitive Function: HCHS/SOL Results.

Background: Hispanics/Latinos are purportedly at increased risk for neurocognitive decline and dementias. Without dementia cures, low-cost, well-tolerated public health means for mitigating neurocognitive decline are needed.

Objective: We examined associations between neurocognition and cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics (Life's Simple 7; LS7) among diverse Hispanics/Latinos.

The Relationship Between Academic Motivation and Lifelong Learning During Residency: A Study of Psychiatry Residents.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between lifelong learning (LLL) and academic motivation for residents in a psychiatry residency program, trainee factors that influence LLL, and psychiatry residents' LLL practices.

Method: Between December 2014 and February 2015, 105 of 173 (61%) eligible psychiatry residents from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, completed a questionnaire with three study instruments: an LLL needs assessment survey, the Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning (JeffSPLL), and the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). The AMS included a relative autonomy motivation score (AMS-RAM) measuring the overall level of intrinsic motivation (IM).

Patient Access to Online Radiology Reports: Frequency and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Use.

Rationale And Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the frequency with which patients viewed their online radiology reports in relation to clinical and laboratory notes and identify sociodemographic factors associated with report viewing.

Method And Materials: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 129,419 patients who had online patient portal access in our large health system in 2014. We determined whether patients viewed their radiology reports, laboratory reports, and clinical notes.

Asthma in Children With Comorbid Obesity: Intervention Development in a High-Risk Urban Community.

This article describes formative work conducted to inform design of an intervention targeting asthma control in overweight/obese children. Using a PRECEDE-PROCEED framework and a community-based participatory research approach, investigators conducted key informant interviews and focus groups in a low-income urban community. Key informants (N = 18) represented schools and community agencies.

Development of an Emergency Medicine Simulation Fellowship Consensus Curriculum: Initiative of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Simulation Academy.

Objectives: There is currently no consolidated list of existing simulation fellowship programs in emergency medicine (EM). In addition, there are no universally accepted or expected standards for core curricular content. The objective of this project is to develop consensus-based core content for EM simulation fellowships to help frame the critical components of such training programs.

Graduate Medical Education Specialty Mix and Geographic Residency Program Maldistribution: Is There a Role for the ACGME?

As we've stated, GME is the final common pathway toward clinical medical practice in the US. It makes sense, then, that national physician workforce policy aimed at meeting future public health demands should be directed at this phase of medical education. It would also make sense that ACGME, as the single accreditor of all residency programs in the US, should be engaged in physician workforce policymaking on behalf of the public.

Acyl CoA synthetase-1 links facilitated long chain fatty acid uptake to intracellular metabolic trafficking differently in hearts of male versus female mice.

Rationale: Acyl CoA synthetase-1 (ACSL1) is localized at intracellular membranes, notably the mitochondrial membrane. ACSL1 and female sex are suggested to indirectly facilitate lipid availability to the heart and other organs. However, such mechanisms in intact, functioning myocardium remain unexplored, and roles of ACSL1 and sex in the uptake and trafficking of fats are poorly understood.

Stability and function of adult vasculature is sustained by Akt/Jagged1 signalling axis in endothelium.

The signalling pathways operational in quiescent, post-development vasculature remain enigmatic. Here we show that unlike neovascularization, endothelial Akt signalling in established vasculature is crucial not for endothelial cell (EC) survival, but for sustained interactions with pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) regulating vascular stability and function. Inducible endothelial-specific Akt1 deletion in adult global Akt2KO mice triggers progressive VSMC apoptosis.

Recovery in Mind: Perspectives from Postgraduate Psychiatric Trainees.

Objective: The authors assessed psychiatric trainees' understanding of recovery-oriented care, a therapeutic philosophy with varied meanings but wide purchase in contemporary mental health policy.

Methods: Four cohorts of residents were presented with a clinical vignette as part of a written curricular evaluation and asked what it would mean to engage the patient from a recovery-oriented perspective. Responses were subjected to qualitative analysis, with the analysts examining each cohort independently, then meeting to discuss their findings and build consensus on the most pertinent themes.

Caveolin-1 regulates cancer cell metabolism via scavenging Nrf2 and suppressing MnSOD-driven glycolysis.

Aerobic glycolysis is an indispensable component of aggressive cancer cell metabolism. It also distinguishes cancer cells from most healthy cell types in the body. Particularly for this reason, targeting the metabolism to improve treatment outcomes has long been perceived as a potentially valuable strategy.

Nailfold Capillary Abnormalities in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Multisite Study.

Purpose: There is considerable evidence for systemic vascular dysfunction in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). We performed nailfold capillary video microscopy to observe directly the nature of nonocular microvasculature abnormalities in POAG.

Methods: We enrolled 199 POAG patients and 124 control subjects from four sites.

The Urban Medicine Program: Developing Physician-Leaders to Serve Underserved Urban Communities.

Purpose: Medical school graduates are poorly prepared to address health care inequities found in urban, underserved communities. The University of Illinois College of Medicine developed the Urban Medicine Program (UMed) to prepare students for the roles of advocate, researcher, policy maker, and culturally competent practitioner through a four-year curriculum integrating principles of public health with direct interventions in local, underserved communities. This study assessed the program's effectiveness and evaluated early outcomes.